Love and fidelity is a thunderstorm. Boris's betrayal on the last date in the drama "Thunderstorm". General conclusion on the work

In the drama of A. N. Ostrovsky "Thunderstorm", the theme of betrayal and fidelity is revealed with the help of several plans, since it was important for the author to show that the tragedy of the situation he described does not lie only at the everyday level. Therefore, it is important to analyze not only the main plot, but also the images of the characters, to try to understand their motivation and characters.

• Change that can be justified. Reflecting on devotion and betrayal, first of all, the reader immediately draws attention to Katerina, as she violates marital fidelity. Being married to Tikhon, the heroine never had strong feelings for him. But Boris, young, handsome, intelligent, seemed to her ideal, especially in comparison with her husband, and she fell in love, strongly and sincerely. And this love, although it was seen as criminal by the timid and very pious Katerina, eventually won: after painful throwing, the girl succumbs to it and decides to commit treason. At least, in her judgments, the mere thought of feelings for another man was identical to treason. But in fact, the strong desire for love in the heroine is closely intertwined with the dream of regaining freedom lost after marriage, with a sense of liberation from the weak-willed Tikhon, from endless family oppression, from an unfair, tough and grouchy mother-in-law. It is not surprising that Katerina, who had not previously reacted to the attention of fans, falls in love with Boris, because in him she saw a person freer than the inhabitants of the "dark kingdom". Thus, her betrayal can be justified, because she initially entered into marriage against her will, and new family only put pressure on the woman, never becoming her home.
• Loyalty to yourself and your beliefs. Violating marital fidelity, Katerina remains true to herself. Imprisoned in the chains of an ignorant society, she does not become stale in her soul, but still continues to dream about how she would fly if she were a bird. She is capable of deep and all-consuming feelings. The heroine, almost at the beginning of the work, is already talking about her death: “I will throw myself out the window, I will rush into the Volga. I don’t want to live here, so I won’t, even if you cut me! And rightly so - Katerina does not agree to endure the suffocating, slavish way of society, which is firmly established in Kalinov. That is why she has a conflict with her mother-in-law, who is trying to accustom her to the way of life of the "dark kingdom", which seems to the inhabitants of Kalinov to be the only correct one. Thus, the last choice of the heroine is a proof of loyalty to her ideals and principles. If she accepted the cruel customs from Domostroy, it would mean betraying herself.
• Treason to your word and beloved woman. The traitor in the play was Boris, Katerina's lover. The young man seems to be different from the inhabitants of the "dark kingdom", but is it? The hero works for his tyrant uncle, who must leave him an inheritance, but Boris has no confidence, because he is not even paid. However, he tolerates and does not show any resistance, referring to the fact that he needs to take care of his sister. In the scene of Katerina's last meeting with her lover, Boris tells her that he is a "free bird", but leaves her for Siberia on behalf of his uncle and cannot take the poor girl with him. It is interesting that earlier he said that he loved Katerina more life, but in a difficult period for the heroine, he escapes; at parting, he constantly repeats that he does not have time, and it is time for him to go, although he sees that his beloved is suffering. Katerina knew at once that he was leaving her, but she was not angry; her feelings are strong and sublime, but, unfortunately, Boris betrays her anyway.
• Loyalty to self. One of the reasons unhappy life Katerina is the loyalty of the townspeople of Kalinov to their way of life. Here there is a place for tyranny, cruelty, slave labor, slander - in general, a suffocating, rotten place. The older generation, represented by Kabanova and Diky, oppresses the young in the person of Katerina, Boris and Varvara. Tikhon also gets it - he is too weak and weak-willed to try to resist his mother. Kabanova throughout the work put pressure on her son and his wife, taught them, indicated what kind of relationship should be between spouses. But she did this not only out of her whims - Kabanova firmly believes in what she says. She herself was raised this way and believes that this way of life should remain. Ignorance, rudeness and oppression reign in the city of Kalinov, but many residents are sure that this is how it should be, and contribute to the preservation of the “dark kingdom”. Unfortunately, loyalty to one's beliefs is not always a positive quality, because time runs, the world is changing, and each person must develop, and not stagnate on one principle that life itself refutes over the years.
• Loyalty is to your detriment. In the drama N.A. Ostrovsky has another hero who remains true to himself. This is Tikhon Kabanov. He lives in the "kingdom of tyrants" and understands this, but does not make any attempts to change anything. He has learned to survive in such a society, and if he feels that he has no more strength to endure, then he will go for a drink with friends, and then continue to live as he did before. Tikhon does not contradict his mother, in the play there is even a scene that is humiliating for him and Katerina, when Kabanova tells him that he must tell his wife before his departure, what instructions to give her. And he dutifully repeats everything after her. At the end of the work, when Katerina was found drowned, Tikhon throws himself at his mother and blames her for the death of his wife, to which Kabanova replies that she will talk to him at home. It is unlikely that the accusatory phrases of the hero mean that he has changed: the final remark belongs to Tikhon, but it is clear that he pities only himself: “Good for you, Katya! And why did I stay in the world to live and suffer.
• Loyalty to your beliefs. The mechanic Kuligin also coexists with the Kabanovs and the Wilds, but in his heart he remains a staunch supporter of progress and enlightenment. He is the only warrior in the field, and yet he is trying to change the life of the city, to introduce new trends and discoveries of science into it. He is not afraid to contradict the powerful of this world and says that a thunderstorm is just electricity, and not Elijah the prophet in a chariot. The hero understands that no one supports him, and the inhabitants do not need changes, and yet he does not betray himself, but goes his own thorny path to help society begin to develop.

Thus, the conflict in the play "Thunderstorm" is a conflict of different times and generations. The tragedy lies in the fact that young people do not want and can no longer live the way their elders teach, as it is written in Domostroy, but they will not be able to live “in a new way” either: the old laws are too strong, too strong the convictions of their defenders, oppression is too heavy. It is interesting that in the work such concepts as fidelity and betrayal, which usually have a certain connotation, acquire a double meaning: betrayal is not always from sinful thoughts, loyalty to oneself is not always evidence of a persistent character.

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We often hear these antonyms in life: loyalty and betrayal. And everyone understands these words in their own way. Loyalty is most often associated in people with constancy in feelings, affections, beliefs. But rarely does anyone think about the meaning of the root of the word - faith. Faith is a belief in something that is unshakable in your ideas, understanding. But treason is a violation of fidelity in relation to someone or something. Treason can relate to anything, for example, there is adultery, betrayal of the Motherland, betrayal of beliefs.

I want to touch the topic is adultery and fidelity. First of all, I remember the drama by A.N. Ostrovsky "Thunderstorm", where this global problem is raised. The main character of the drama, Katerina Kabanova, cheated on her husband with a young man who arrived from the capital. Unusual, not like the inhabitants of the city of Kalinov, Boris in his particular dress seemed to Katerina special, bright and unique. She fell in love with him almost immediately. With his delicacy and tact, the young man differed from the locals, for whom ignorance, rudeness and rudeness are commonplace. Katerina fell in love with Boris at first sight and decided that he was her destiny. Cheating on her husband in her understanding is not cheating at all. But the girl was worried about the fact of the oath during the wedding ceremony. However, Tikhon did not accept Katerina's betrayal, she is his beloved wife, the main thing is that no one knows anything. He beats his wife at the insistence of his mother. So Katerina's betrayal became a symbol of her faith in God, in his blessing. She decided to commit suicide only in order not to change her convictions, her faith.

In N.A. Nekrasov’s poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'”, Matryona Korchagina remains faithful to her husband even in the most difficult life situations. When her wife Philip is recruited, and she remains pregnant in anticipation of a child, without a husband, the heroine goes to the governor for help, trying to find protection. She was lucky: childbirth began, and the governor became the godmother for her child. She assisted in the release of her husband from recruiting duty.

Nowadays, few people put a special deep meaning into the concept of fidelity. Life has not changed for the better, but still, even now there are couples who have been living together for fifty or even more years. There are also people who are true to their cause, their profession, their faith.

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Loyalty and betrayal - arguments

* Loyalty to a friend:

** Fyodor Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment" (Dmitry Razumikhin supports his friend, Rodion Raskolnikov, no matter what)

** Vladimir Korolenko “In a bad society” (Children from the dungeon: Valek and Marusya made friends with a boy from the “higher” class Vasya. The guys are so faithful to each other that they are ready not to betray under torture. Vasya even committed an unseemly act: he stole from his own house for sick Marusya a doll to brighten up last days her life)

* Cheating on a friend:

** Alexander Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter" (Pyotr Grinev and Shvabrin. The heroes who were once friends turn out to be enemies because of different views on such concepts as honor, loyalty, nobility. Shvabrin eventually betrays Grinev, and because of love for one and the same the girl Masha Mironova does everything possible to destroy Grinev, with whom he was once friends)

** Mikhail Lermontov “A Hero of Our Time” (Grushnitsky, out of envy and jealousy, goes to Pechorin’s betrayal, since he turned out to be happier in love. Princess Mary Ligovskaya falls in love with Pechorin, who previously sympathized with Grushnitsky, who had his own plans for the girl. Deprived generosity, Grushnitsky cannot forgive Pechorin for his defeat and decides on a vile step - a dishonorable duel... He slanders Pechorin, accusing him of having close relations with Princess Mary, and during the duel he offers his former friend a pistol loaded with blank cartridges.)

** Haruki Murakami "Colorless Tsukuru Tazaki and his wandering years" ("We don't want to see you anymore" - and no explanation. Four of his best friend suddenly cut him off from himself - and from his former life. After 16 years, the already matured Tsukuru will have to meet his friends again to find out what really happened. It turned out that Belaya accused him of rape and his friends believed it)

* Loyalty to profession/job:

** Boris Polevoy "The Tale of a Real Man" (about the events that occurred in the life of the Soviet pilot Alexei Meresyev during the Great Patriotic War. During the battle, the Germans shot down the plane. He escaped, but his toes were crushed. Eighteen days Meresyev made his way through the forest. He was amputated in the hospital. As a result of persistent training and great willpower, Alexei achieved the ability to fly as before. In incredibly difficult living conditions, he remained devoted to his chosen profession, his chosen cause.)

** Andrei Platonov “The Sandy Teacher” (Maria Nikifirovna Naryshkina chose the difficult profession of a teacher. When she was assigned to the village of Khoshutovo, where the sands “reigned” and there was no vegetation, she did not refuse. In this small settlement, people were dying of hunger , there was poverty and devastation everywhere, but Maria did not give up, but decided to use her gift as a teacher for good: to teach the inhabitants to deal with the sands.Thanks to her labors, vegetation appeared in the village, and on

lessons began to come more peasants. After the work done, she was sent to help the nomadic people. She could refuse, but, remembering the hopeless fate of this people, she decided to put public interests above her own. With her actions and fortitude, she proved that loyalty to her profession is not limited to the walls of the office. Maria Nikiforovna became an excellent example of disinterested professionalism, kindness and responsiveness and showed how difficult and important the path of a teacher is.)

* Loyalty to a loved one

** William Shakespeare "Romeo and Juliet" (children of militant clans meet each other against the decrees of their parents. Juliet decides to pretend to be dead and avoid marrying another. Not knowing that his beloved is sleeping, Romeo takes poison. Waking up, Juliet sees dead Romeo and kills himself with a dagger)

** Mikhail Bulgakov "Master and Margarita" (Margarita loved her chosen one so much that she sold her soul to the devil. She was ready to look for him all over the world and beyond. She remained faithful to him, even when there was no hope of finding the Master.)

** Alexander Kuprin "Garnet Bracelet" (Loyalty of love pushes a person to a feat, it can also be disastrous. In A.I. Kuprin's story "Garnet Bracelet" unrequited love becomes the meaning of the life of a petty official Zheltkov, who remains true to his high feeling for a married woman who will never be able to reciprocate him. He does not defile the beloved with the demands of reciprocal feelings. Tortured and suffering, he blesses Vera for a happy future, does not allow vulgarity and everyday life to penetrate into the fragile world of love. In his fidelity there is a tragic doom to death.)

* Infidelity (treason) to a loved one

** Alexander Ostrovsky "Thunderstorm" ( main character Katerina fell in love with Boris, cheating on her husband (Kabanov Tikhon), and then commits suicide)

** Nikolai Karamzin "Poor Lisa" (the rich nobleman Erast seduces Lisa, and then, having received what he wants, leaves her, leaving "for the army", but then they meet after 2 months and he announces to her that he is engaged (he had to marry a rich widow, because he lost his fortune in cards. In the finale, the heroine commits suicide)

** Leo Tolstoy "War and Peace" (Natasha Rostova spiritually betrayed Andrei Bolkonsky with Anatole Kuragin) / note: + reasons for betrayal + when betrayal is justified - Rostova, due to her age and inexperience, could not think about the consequences of her choice)

* Keeping your word

** Leonid Panteleev "Honest word" (it is said about a boy of seven or eight years old, who, during the game, was entrusted by the older boys to guard an imaginary powder warehouse and took his word of honor from him that he would not leave his post. After playing and forgetting about the sentry, the boys fled a long time ago home, but our hero stayed. It was already getting dark in the park when the narrator saw a little sentry who did not want to leave the post entrusted to him for anything, as he was afraid to break his promise. And only the permission of the major, whom the narrator accidentally finds at the tram stop, releases the boy from his word and allows him to go home.The narrator says that he does not know either the name, or the surname, or the parents of this boy,

but he knows one thing for sure: a real person will grow out of him with a strong will and a sense of loyalty to the word.)

** Alexander Pushkin "Eugene Onegin" (Tatyana Larina was the embodiment of moral strength and sincerity. Therefore, she rejected Onegin's love and remained faithful to her marital oath, despite the fact that she loved him.)

* Loyalty to yourself

** Ivan Bunin "Dark Alleys" (the heroine managed to remain faithful in her soul to her first and only love in her life - to Nikolai. Years pass, Nadezhda becomes an independent, firmly standing woman, but she remained alone. Loyalty to her beloved warms the heart of the heroine, although at the meeting she accuses him, not forgiving for betrayal.) / note: loyalty to her principles + loyalty to love + forgiveness of betrayal /

** Mikhail Bulgakov "The Master and Margarita" (The Master believed so much in what he was doing that he could not betray his life's work. He could not leave it to be torn to pieces by envious critics. To save his work from misinterpretation and condemnation, he even destroyed it.)

* Loyalty/treason

** Alexander Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter" (Pyotr Grinev is faithful to his duty and his state, despite the mortal danger, when Shvabrin betrays the Motherland, the honor of an officer, friends, saving his life) / note: + reasons for betrayal /

** Nikolai Gogol "Taras Bulba" (the youngest son of Taras - Andriy - fell in love with a lady and betrayed his homeland) / note: + unforgiveness of betrayal by Taras)

** Mikhail Sholokhov "The Fate of a Man" (The main character Andrei Sokolov showed patriotism, dedication and courage not only during military service, but also in captivity. The hero, being very hungry and tired, refuses to drink and eat in honor of the German victory. After all, Andrei faithful to his duty to the end, he is not afraid of being shot for his refusal to the fascist. Andrey Sokolov is a man with a capital letter. It was such people, devoted to the Motherland, who saved the country, defended it.)

The problematics of a work in literary criticism is a range of problems that are somehow touched upon in the text. This may be one or more aspects that the author focuses on. In this work, we will focus on the problems of Ostrovsky's Thunderstorm. A. N. Ostrovsky received a literary vocation after the first published play. “Poverty is not a vice”, “Dowry”, “Profitable place” - these and many other works are devoted to social and everyday topics, but the issue of the play “Thunderstorm” should be considered separately.

The play received mixed reviews from critics. Dobrolyubov saw in Katerina hope for new life, Ap. Grigoriev noticed the emerging protest against the existing order, and L. Tolstoy did not accept the play at all. The plot of "Thunderstorm", at first glance, is quite simple: everything is based on a love conflict. Katerina secretly meets with a young man, while her husband has gone to another city on business. Unable to cope with the pangs of conscience, the girl confesses to treason, after which she rushes into the Volga. However, behind all this everyday, domestic, lies much larger things that threaten to grow to the scale of space. Dobrolyubov calls the “dark kingdom” the situation that is described in the text. An atmosphere of lies and betrayal. In Kalinovo, people are so accustomed to moral dirt that their uncomplaining consent only exacerbates the situation. It becomes scary from the realization that this place did not make people like this, it was people who independently turned the city into a kind of accumulation of vices. And now the "dark kingdom" begins to influence the inhabitants. After a detailed acquaintance with the text, one can notice how widely developed the problems of the work "Thunderstorm".

The problems in Ostrovsky's "Thunderstorm" are diverse, but at the same time they do not have a hierarchy. Each individual problem is important in itself.

The problem of fathers and children

Here we are not talking about misunderstanding, but about total control, about patriarchal orders. The play shows the life of the Kabanov family. At that time, the opinion of the eldest man in the family was undeniable, and wives and daughters were practically deprived of rights. The head of the family is Marfa Ignatievna, a widow. She took over the male functions. This is a powerful and prudent woman. Kabanikha believes that she takes care of her children, ordering them to do as she wants. This behavior led to quite logical consequences. Her son, Tikhon, is a weak and spineless person. Mother, it seems, wanted to see him like that, because in this case it is easier to control a person. Tikhon is afraid to say anything, to express his opinion; in one of the scenes, he admits that he does not have his own point of view at all. Tikhon cannot protect either himself or his wife from the tantrums and cruelty of his mother. The daughter of Kabanikhi, Varvara, on the contrary, managed to adapt to this way of life. She easily lies to her mother, the girl even changed the lock on the gate in the garden in order to freely go on dates with Curly. Tikhon is not capable of any kind of rebellion, while Varvara, in the finale of the play, escapes from her parents' house with her lover.

The problem of self-realization

When talking about the problems of the "Thunderstorm" one cannot fail to mention this aspect. The problem is realized in the image of Kuligin. This self-taught inventor dreams of making something useful for all the inhabitants of the city. His plans include assembling a perpetu mobile, building a lightning rod, and getting electricity. But this whole dark, semi-pagan world needs neither light nor enlightenment. Dikoy laughs at Kuligin's plans to find an honest income, openly mocks him. Boris, after talking with Kuligin, understands that the inventor will never invent a single thing. Perhaps Kuligin himself understands this. One could call him naive, but he knows what morals reign in Kalinovo, what goes on behind the scenes. behind closed doors who are those in whose hands power is concentrated. Kuligin learned to live in this world without losing himself. But he is not able to feel the conflict between reality and dreams as keenly as Katerina did.

The Problem of Power

In the city of Kalinov, power is not in the hands of the relevant authorities, but in those who have money. Proof of this is the dialogue between the merchant Wild and the mayor. The mayor tells the merchant that complaints are being received against the latter. To this Savl Prokofievich replies rudely. Dikoi does not hide the fact that he cheats ordinary peasants, he speaks of deceit as a normal phenomenon: if merchants steal from each other, then you can steal from ordinary residents. In Kalinov, nominal power decides absolutely nothing, and this is fundamentally wrong. After all, it turns out that without money in such a city it is simply impossible to live. Dikoy fancies himself almost a father-king, deciding who to lend money to and who not. “So know that you are a worm. If I want to, I'll have mercy, if I want to, I'll crush it, ”this is how Dikoy Kuligin answers.

The problem of love

In "Thunderstorm" the problem of love is realized in pairs Katerina - Tikhon and Katerina - Boris. The girl is forced to live with her husband, although she does not feel any feelings other than pity for him. Katya rushes from one extreme to another: she thinks between the option of staying with her husband and learning to love him or leaving Tikhon. Katya's feelings for Boris flare up instantly. This passion pushes the girl to take a decisive step: Katya goes against public opinion and Christian morality. Her feelings were mutual, but for Boris this love meant much less. Katya believed that Boris, just like her, was incapable of living in a frozen city and lying for profit. Katerina often compared herself to a bird, she wanted to fly away, to escape from that metaphorical cage, and in Boris Katya saw that air, that freedom that she lacked so much. Unfortunately, the girl made a mistake in Boris. The young man turned out to be the same as the inhabitants of Kalinov. He wanted to improve relations with Wild for the sake of getting money, he spoke with Varvara that it was better to keep feelings for Katya secret for as long as possible.

Conflict of old and new

It is about resisting the patriarchal way of life with the new order, which implies equality and freedom. This topic was very relevant. Recall that the play was written in 1859, and serfdom was abolished in 1861. Social contradictions reached their apogee. The author wanted to show what the absence of reforms and decisive action can lead to. Confirmation of this are the final words of Tikhon. “Good for you, Katya! Why am I left to live in the world and suffer!” In such a world, the living envy the dead.

Most of all, this contradiction was reflected in the main character of the play. Katerina cannot understand how one can live in lies and animal humility. The girl was suffocating in the atmosphere that was created by the inhabitants of Kalinov for a long time. She is honest and pure, so her only desire was so small and so great at the same time. Katya just wanted to be herself, to live the way she was raised. Katerina sees that everything is not at all the way she imagined before marriage. She cannot even afford a sincere impulse - to hug her husband - Kabanikha controlled and prevented any attempts by Katya to be sincere. Varvara supports Katya, but cannot understand her. Katerina is left alone in this world of deceit and dirt. The girl could not endure such pressure, she finds salvation in death. Death frees Katya from the burden of earthly life, turning her soul into something light, capable of flying away from the "dark kingdom".

It can be concluded that the problems in the drama "Thunderstorm" are significant and relevant to this day. These are unresolved issues of human existence, which will worry a person at all times. It is thanks to this formulation of the question that the play "Thunderstorm" can be called a work out of time.

Artwork test

Many works of A.S. are devoted to the problem of fidelity and betrayal. Pushkin. So, it tells about the betrayal of the Hetman of Ukraine Mazepa. He rebels against the authorities of Russia and personally PeterIand goes to an alliance with the king of Sweden - CharlesXII. The reason for the betrayal of the Fatherland and Mazepa's hatred for the Russian Tsar is the insult once inflicted by Peter Mazepa. The tsar grabbed the hetman by the mustache for a boldly spoken word. After the defeat of the Swedish troops near Poltava, the traitor had to shamefully flee.

the problem of fidelity and betrayal is also raised, which is closely related to the main problem of the work - honor and dishonor. Loyalty here can be considered both in a personal aspect and in a social one. So, the protagonist of the work - Pyotr Grinev - refuses to swear allegiance to the rebel Emelyan Pugachev and is ready to accept death, saying that he already swore allegiance to the mother empress. This is not his opponent and former comrade in the Belogorsk fortress - Alexei Shvabrin. This hero easily refuses the officer's sword and goes into submission to Pugachev.

Pyotr Grinev is true to his love for Masha Mironova: having promised the girl to marry her, he does not reconcile himself to the prohibition of his parents, who refused to bless the lovers. The hero is also not stopped by the capture of Masha by Shvabrin, who now commands the Belogorsk fortress and keeps his daughter former boss forcing her to marry him. Grinev does not stumble from the decision to rescue Masha from the hands of Shvabrin and goes to the fortress, despite the fact that the head of the Orenburg garrison refuses military support to the hero. Peter goes for help to Pugachev, telling him about the arbitrariness of his former comrade.

Masha Mironova is also true to her love, she bluntly declares that it is better for her to die than to marry the unloved.

The hero turned out to be a traitor of the oath

The youngest son of Taras, Andriy, betrays his comrades and the Motherland because of his love for the Polish lady:

he says to the lady when he secretly comes to her in the city besieged by the Cossacks. Taras Bulba is unable to endure such humiliation. He cannot forgive his son for treason and in one of the battles where Andriy fights on the side of the Poles, lures him into the forest and kills him. Unlike Andriy, the eldest son of Taras - Ostap, having been captured by the Poles, does not bow his head to the enemy. He is tortured, but not a single groan escapes from his chest; after terrible torture, Ostap is executed.

the problem of fidelity and betrayal is also the most important. Frightened by the "opinion of the world", fearing to lose his reputation, Onegin does not go to reconciliation with Lensky, betrays their friendly relations. Although avoiding the duel was so easy. The protagonist himself understood that Vladimir’s little lie that Tatiana would have only a close family circle at the name day to force him, Onegin, to accept the invitation, and further flirting “in retaliation” with Lensky’s bride, Olga, was an insignificant reason for the duel. Yes, and already the next morning after the name day, Vladimir, having stopped by to see Olga before the duel and seeing her joy and happiness from meeting him, realizes that for her yesterday's dances and conversations with Onegin are nothing more than entertainment.

An example of true fidelity in this work is the main character - Tatyana Larina. She falls in love with Onegin at first sight and retains this feeling even after she realizes that her lover is not at all the romantic hero that her imagination painted him. Even having married a distant relative of Onegin, the famous general, in her heart she continues to be faithful to her first love. Despite this, Tatiana refuses Eugene's mutual feelings when he returns to Russia after several years of wandering and falls in love with the transformed Tatiana. She replies with bitterness and pride:

True to your feelings and

Alexei Berestov falls in love with a peasant girl Akulina, who pretends to be Liza Muromskaya, the daughter of the Berestovs' neighbor, nobleman Grigory Ivanovich Muromsky. Because of the stupid enmity between Berestov and Murom, their children never saw each other. All this made it possible for the story, which Pushkin tells so fascinatingly, to happen. Alexey Berestov falls in love with Lisa-Akulina so much that he intends to unite with her for life, educate her and, as they say, die on the same day. He understands that he will never receive his father's blessing for this unequal marriage and, therefore, will certainly lose his inheritance, but this does not stop young man, ready in his feelings to go to the end.

because of envy and jealousy, Pechorin goes to betrayal, since he turned out to be happier than him in love. Princess Mary Ligovskaya falls in love with Pechorin, who previously sympathized with Grushnitsky, who had his own plans for the girl. Deprived of generosity, Grushnitsky cannot forgive Pechorin for his defeat and decides on a vile step - a dishonorable duel. He slanders Pechorin, accusing him of having close relations with Princess Mary, and during the duel he offers his former friend a pistol loaded with blank cartridges.

An example of true loyalty is the attitude of Dmitry Razumikhin - one of the heroes

to his friend - the main character of the work, Rodion Raskolnikov. It is Razumikhin who supports Raskolnikov when he rushes about in terrible agony, trying to avoid the murder of the old pawnbroker he planned. Dmitry does not know anything about Raskolnikov's plans, but he sees that he is in distress, therefore, without hesitation, he offers him his students to give him the opportunity to earn extra money. It is Razumikhin who finds Raskolnikov after the crime, when he lies delirious in his coffin-like room. It is he who calls the doctor and then literally feeds the protagonist from a spoon. Razumikhin takes care of Raskolnikov's mother and sister when they come to St. Petersburg. Later, when Raskolnikov was sentenced to hard labor, Dmitry, who by that time had married Rodion's sister Dunya, decides to accumulate initial capital in four years and go to Siberia, closer to Raskolnikov's prison.

engaged to Andrei Bolkonsky, succumbs to the passion that flared up in her when she met Anatole Kuragin. She yearns for Bolkonsky, who left her to go abroad for treatment, but the vicious beauty of Kuragin makes the girl forget about her fiancé for a while. Natasha thinks that her feelings for Anatole are real, and most importantly - mutual, she refuses to believe persistent rumors about Kuragin's dishonesty and debauchery. The girl even decides to run away with him. Fortunately, the escape did not take place. But Natasha had to be bitterly disappointed in Anatole. She understands how much she hurt both Andrei and her family, what a shame she brought on all of them. The realization of her wrongness makes the girl turn to God, she repents and fervently prays for forgiveness. At the end of the novel, we see how the dying Bolkonsky forgives Natasha for her act, when the girl comes to him and says that she knows how "bad" she was, but now she has changed.

The other heroine of the novel, Helen Kuragina, is not like that. Like her brother Anatole, she is vicious and selfish. Not really hiding from her husband - Pierre Bezukhov, she surrounds herself with favorites. Pierre finds out about this and leaves Helen, but the woman cares little. The main thing is that the husband does not stop paying her bills. Subsequently, she decides to divorce Pierre by any means. It was at this time that Helen meets two men and painfully tries to choose between them, dreaming that she could marry two at once.

we see how the heroine Nadezhda is faithful to her first and only love. Quite young, she, who served under the masters in the house, fell in love with a young master - Nikolai Alekseevich. According to Nadezhda, she gave him all "her youth, her fever", and was left with nothing. The young master left her, married a girl from his circle. Meeting by chance thirty years later at the inn that Nadezhda kept, Colonel Nikolai Alekseevich recalls how charming the girl was in her youth. He apologizes to Nadezhda for his act of thirty years ago, kisses her hands and admits that he has never been happy in his life. Leaving, he thinks that it was really Nadezhda who gave him not only the best, but truly magical moments of life, but immediately betrays his memories. "Nonsense!" the hero thinks. “What would we have done if I hadn’t left her then?” Driven by social prejudices and his own selfishness, Nikolai Alekseevich cannot imagine himself as Nadezhda the mother of his children and the mistress of his house.

Remains faithful to the first love and another heroine of Bunin

After taking her fiancé to the war, she soon learns of his death. And there was a lot more in her life after their last meeting: the hardships of revolutionary times, the death of parents, marriage, departure from revolutionary Russia, wandering around Europe, earning a living by hard work. But even after so many years, where everything seemed to be so much and different, the already aged heroine asks herself: “What happened in my life? And he answers himself: “Only that cold autumn evening.” All my life fit into one day - the day when I was young and in love.

Sergei Ivanovich Talberg betrays his wife Elena and leaves her in the city, which is about to be captured by Petliura's troops, and he himself flees to Germany, where he soon marries another woman.

Margarita remains faithful to the Master even when he disappears without a trace. She does everything to find her beloved and save him and his offspring - a novel about Pontius Pilate and Yeshua Ha-Nozri. Margarita goes even that she agrees to sell her soul to the devil. After all, for her, eternal bliss in heaven is nothing without the one whom she has been waiting for all her life, whom she was once looking for with yellow flowers in her hands. And the woman's loyalty is rewarded: the Master is found, and his novel is reborn from the ashes. And even Margarita's act - the sale of her own soul - is forgiven. After all, this was not done for the sake of ephemeral things like money, fame or eternal youth. She sacrificed her soul to save another person, and this is an important circumstance for forgiveness.

We see the traitor to the Motherland

Having been captured by the Nazis along with his partner Sotnikov, the partisan Rybak becomes a traitor. Seeing the bloodied hands of a comrade who was dragged to the basement after being tortured, Rybak thinks that he will not give up so easily ... During interrogation, he answers sensibly, cunningly and tries to please the policeman. The next day, Sotnikov, Rybak, and several other peasants who sheltered them are led to their execution. Sotnikov tries to save his comrade and shouts that it was he who killed the policeman, and Rybak had nothing to do with it, being nearby by accident. But this does not touch the servants of the Nazis - the local policemen. Seeing that his life is doomed, Rybak falls at the feet of the Germans and agrees to cooperate. Churbak from under Sotnikov had to be knocked out: the Germans needed to check Rybak "in action", "tie his hand" with the blood of a Russian partisan. After that, the hero still hopes to escape, but, peering into the hatred-filled eyes of a peasant peasant who saw the execution, he realizes that after what he has done, he has nowhere to run...

the main character - Sanya Grigoriev is the personification of fidelity - fidelity to the word, idea, love. So, he does not give up the idea of ​​proving his case about the fact that the polar expedition of Captain Tatarinov was destroyed by his own brother, Nikolai Antonovich Tatarinov, and Captain Tatarinov himself made a great geographical discovery. Being still quite a boy, he is not afraid of the wrath of Nikolai Antonovich. Sanka is also faithful to his love for Katya Tatarinova, carrying this feeling in his heart all his life. In turn, Katya is devoted to Sanya. So, she refuses to believe that her husband died during the bombing of a sanitary trip and rejects the help of Grigoriev's eternal enemy - Mikhail Romashov, who brought Katya terrible news. ⁠ « Loyalty and betrayal»