Examination by a neurologist at 1 year. Children's doctor: schedule of visits. months of life: neurologist

Girls, how tired I am of these doctors with their non-existent diagnoses... I have no strength. I have a healthy child without the slightest deviation, but even he is given all kinds of nonsense, based on nothing. It’s good that you have enough sense not to panic and not fall for this nonsense. Today we saw a neurologist and were given a PEP. For some reason I thought that there are no children without a diagnosis - this is how doctors see our children. They sent us to the NSG... Now until we do it, the pediatrician will not lag behind. I am inserting an article for everyone who believes in neurologists from the first word:

Very often after birth or during , the baby is given many incomprehensible and frightening neurological diagnoses. In addition, parents are frightened by the dire consequences of these diagnoses and are prescribed a large number of quite serious medications and various other treatment methods, which are often not so cheap. We will try to understand the mysterious abbreviations of diagnoses and clarify the situation a little in this material.

About diagnoses...

Child neurology is one of the most complex branches of pediatrics; there is still a lot of overdiagnosis (setting up many redundant diagnoses) and unstudied processes. Research methods are constantly being improved, so every year there is a constant revision of approaches to diagnosis and treatment. Many diagnoses that were made 20 years ago are now not deviations or do not exist at all. These include the mysterious abbreviation PEP.

PEP or perinatal encephalopathy is a diagnosis that does not exist in the entire scientific world, and has long been outdated in Russia. This is not even a diagnosis, but a collective concept characterized by disturbances in the structure and/or function of the brain and nervous system that occur during the period from the 28th week of pregnancy to 7 days from the moment of birth, that is, there is no specific information at all. Moreover, in a literal translation from Latin, the term is deciphered even more simply - “encephalon” - brain, head, “pathos, pathia” - pathology, disorder, or, more simply, “something with the head.” From this we can easily conclude that it is not possible to make this diagnosis for a specific child - because even if a child has diseases of the nervous system and brain in particular, they all have their own clearly classified name according to ICD-10 (International Classification of Diseases).

Diseases of the nervous system include hemorrhages, defects, tumors, inflammatory processes, infections and injuries. AEDs are not included in this classification. Many neurologists replace the term AED with GTP of the central nervous system or “hypoxic-traumatic lesion of the central nervous system,” which is the same thing, simply expressed in different terms and does not change the situation.

Where do these diagnoses come from?

The course of pediatric neurology is very complex, pediatricians and neonatologists do not always have full knowledge in the field of child neurology, sometimes mistaking symptoms that are normal for a child for pathology, and there are few or no full-time pediatric neurologists in maternity hospitals. A neurological examination of a baby is a complex matter; its accuracy is influenced by many factors, both external and from the baby.

So, false results can be obtained if the baby is hungry, if he is sleeping and had to be woken up for examination, if he is warmly wrapped up and overheated. If the room is cold or too hot, and even if the doctor is too active in his manipulations. There is no need to talk about the correctness of the examination even in conditions when this is not the first specialist of the day, and the baby is already in a state of stress along with his mother, from walking through offices and standing in lines.

What is not a disease?

Babies in their first year of life have an immature nervous system, and the baby’s brain is formed during the process of growth and development. Therefore, many symptoms of the nervous system that are pathological for adults and older children are normal for young children.

Unexpressed and minor dilations of the ventricles of the brain and the interhemispheric fissure according to the results of neurosonography (ultrasound of the brain) are not pathological. The state of hyperactivity cannot be diagnosed; this is a diagnosis for older children. Persistent regurgitation after feeding is not a sign of damage to the nervous system; it requires observation and examination, but it cannot be unambiguously attributed to neurological problems. A marbled skin color is considered normal - this is when against the background of white skin you can see the presence of red and blue stains and blood vessels, reminiscent of the color of marble slabs. There is no need to worry about standing on tiptoes or walking on toes, especially at the very beginning of developing walking skills.

Often, children under 3-4 months experience tremor (shaking) of the chin when crying or sudden excitement, which is also not a reason for treatment; in addition, this also includes trembling of the hands during crying or fright. There is no need to worry if the child has eyes that roll upward so that a strip of white is visible, or a slight strabismus for up to six months.

The baby's feet and hands may be wet and cool, even if he is well dressed, these are features of the baby's blood circulation. In addition, a fontanel that pulsates or bulges when screaming, a large or small size of the fontanel, and the dynamics of its closure are different for everyone - this only requires observation and control. Meteorological sensitivity is also considered normal for children.

All described conditions require dynamic monitoring by a local police officer. together with a neurologist and nothing more.

What to look for

All babies are individuals from birth, and their development follows their own specific programs, influenced by health, heredity, and even gender. When assessing psychomotor skills and general development, one should pay attention only to the deadlines for the formation of certain skills. Here is an express questionnaire that can serve as a guide when assessing certain symptoms. And what should you pay attention to when in doubt? Serious deviations are periods exceeding one and a half to two months.

When did your baby start holding his head up? – period 1-1.5 months.
- when did the baby start to roll over? – beginning at 3-4 months, active revolutions by six months.
- did the baby play with his legs – grabbing, putting them in his mouth? – for some, starting from 3-4 months, and the general age is 6-7 months.
- when did you start sitting down? They usually sit down from a supine position earlier, and later from a position on all fours; both options are normal - the average time is 6-8 months.
- when did you start crawling, how did you do it? First, the babies sway, standing on all fours, crawl back, then in front. The norm is to crawl on your belly, on all fours and even sideways - the average time is approximately 7-8 months.
- when did you start standing up without support? – usually 9-11 months.
Walking without support usually begins at 9-18 months.
Focusing on average terms, you can immediately notice deviations that require consultation with a specialist.

Consequences…

There are many negative consequences from such diagnoses; overdiagnosis is not in vain for the family. Of course, making such diagnoses related to the nervous system to parents who are far from medicine causes a state of anxiety, if not fear. Parents begin to consider the child inferior, deeply sick, this leads to intra-family instability, parents begin to look for reasons, blaming themselves and their partner. Parents' concepts of the norm change, and when an independent study or consultation with another specialist does not reveal pathology, parents begin to have doubts. Overdiagnosis leads to unreasonable expenses for treatment, doctors and rehabilitation, which are not required.

There may be even more negative consequences for the child. The first thing that has a negative impact is that overdiagnosis leads to more frequent visits to doctors, which undoubtedly increases the risk of contact with sick children and contracting infections, causing stress and fear of the “white coat”.
Second, all these diagnoses lead to the prescription of unnecessary treatment, which sometimes has not been fully controlled in this age group and has side effects, leading to disastrous results.
Third, often actually existing disorders in the nervous system tend to be attributed to PEDs, although the problems are sometimes of a completely different nature, and therefore they are not corrected or treated correctly, which sometimes deepens the disorders even more.

How to monitor your baby?

Almost all pathologies of the nervous system are identified during the process of active monitoring of the baby, and sometimes it takes more than one month to make a final decision about the problem. Therefore, all examinations by a neurologist are carried out within strictly prescribed periods - when the baby reaches key stages in neurological terms - usually the first, third, sixth months and year. However, in case of doubt or the appearance of alarming symptoms, a visit to a neurologist is possible from the very first day of life. If you have doubts about the diagnosis and treatment, you should consult several specialists, fortunately, modern conditions allow this.

Are we treating? Or do we not treat?

In fact, only very real, serious and clearly defined diagnoses require serious drug therapy. These are always drugs aimed at a specific problem - decreased muscle tone for spastic paralysis, anticonvulsants for seizures. But for PEP, broad-spectrum drugs are usually prescribed and are not always tested and have proven effectiveness in children. Many of these drugs are generally prohibited from being prescribed in a clinic setting. They are prescribed only under the constant supervision of a neurologist in a hospital setting and only according to strict indications, as they have a large list of side effects.

So, which drugs should be questioned from their prescriptions? This is a group of vascular drugs - cinnarizine, sermion, cavinton. Then a group of hydrolysates of neuropeptides or amino acids - actovegin, solcoseryl, cortexin, cerebrolysin. Nootropic drugs are unacceptable - piracetam, aminalon, phenibut, picamilon, pantogam. It is also worth questioning the prescription of homeopathy and herbal preparations - valerian, motherwort, lingonberry leaf, bear's ears, etc.

All statements about improving the nutrition of brain tissue are myths; all these drugs are prescribed to most children, but they have not undergone proper research and it is impossible to judge their effectiveness and safety. The use of such drugs will be useless at best. And in some diseases it can cause harm - allergies may occur, including anaphylactic shock, cardiac dysfunction, kidney function, or the nervous system itself, which is being treated.

If the diagnosis or prescribed treatment seems unfounded to you, if you are in doubt, you should always consult with another specialist and in another clinic.

Regular visits to the clinic are mandatory for mother and newborn. The development of a child in the first months of life progresses at such a pace that it is impossible to do without constant monitoring. An examination by a pediatrician helps to identify diseases, if any, at an early stage. The presence of hereditary diseases and the risk of pathologies is checked. If the child is healthy, the doctor determines the baby’s level of development, carries out parametric measurements, and prescribes tests.

If the child is completely healthy, the doctor simply takes anthropometric measurements and records them, prescribes tests

Further scheduled examination (dispensary examination) is aimed at monitoring the dynamics of the child’s development, carrying out the necessary vaccinations and health programs. The pediatrician visits infants up to 1 month at home (at least 3 times). Such examinations are called patronage. It is advisable that the child be examined by an orthopedist, ENT specialist, neurologist, surgeon, or ophthalmologist before the baby is one month old. When the baby turns 1 month old, it’s time for the mother to go with him for his first medical examination at the clinic.

What items should I take to the clinic for examination?

When going to see a pediatrician with a newborn, you need to take certain things and documents with you. A sample list consists of:

• two diapers (one for the changing table, the other placed on the scales);
• a pacifier (if the baby takes it) and a rattle to keep the baby occupied while waiting for the appointment;
• wet baby wipes and extra diaper;
• if your doctor's visit takes place in the summer, take a bottle of drink;
• a certificate of vaccinations and a certificate of ultrasound and audio screening results;
• a notebook or notebook with questions that you had to ask the doctor during this period (start your mother’s diary immediately after the maternity hospital).

If you were not able to have your baby examined by different specialists before your first visit to the clinic, be sure to do this on your first visit. It is very important to detect the development of diseases in time or confirm the complete health of the baby.

We will tell you which specialists you need to see, what tests you need to take, and what they check for the newborn. Our review will help you stop worrying and understand how important these examinations are for your monthly baby.

It is advisable for the mother to prepare questions for the doctor - they should be written down throughout the entire period between visits

Pediatrician

Dear reader!

This article talks about typical ways to solve your issues, but each case is unique! If you want to know how to solve your particular problem, ask your question. It's fast and free!

A pediatrician is a doctor whom a mother and her treasure should see once a month until the child is 1 year old. The clinic specifically sets aside one day a week when doctors examine only infants. “Baby day” allows babies to avoid contact with other children, which prevents the risk of disease. By calling the reception, you can find out what day this day falls on, how your local pediatrician receives you, and how to make an appointment with him.

The main activities at each doctor’s appointment are aimed at measuring the baby’s anthropometric indicators. Weight, height, chest and head circumference are measured. The results obtained help the child therapist find out how correctly and successfully your little treasure is developing. The pediatrician must assess the functional state of the organs; he can coordinate the daily routine and give advice on feeding the baby.

If the examination shows no problems and the baby is healthy, a referral is issued for the vaccinations scheduled for each age. The next one after the first, which is done in the maternity hospital, is carried out against viral hepatitis. Negative reactions to this vaccine are extremely rare; children usually tolerate it well.

Prepare for the fact that on the second visit you will need to take a blood and urine test for your baby. Analyzes show the functioning of internal organs and help identify inflammatory processes.

In addition, the doctor will tell you about preventive measures against rickets. Traditionally, newborns are prescribed vitamin D (1 drop – 500 IU) or water-soluble vitamin D3 taken once a day. Perhaps the dose will be calculated by the doctor based on the physical condition of the baby, or he may not need to take additional supplements at all. For bottle-fed babies, the doctor writes a prescription to receive food at the dairy kitchen.

Additional Research

Special studies are also carried out as prescribed by the pediatrician. When the doctor is alarmed by the results of the initial observation of an infant, he can send the baby for an ultrasound of the abdominal cavity. Additional diagnostics are necessary to check the functioning of the kidneys, liver, spleen, gallbladder, and pancreas. Allows timely identification of pathological processes in these organs.

Having detected a murmur in a child’s heart, the pediatrician usually prescribes a cardiogram (ECG) for the baby. Echocardiography is performed if there is a suspicion of heart or vascular disease. If any diagnosis is confirmed, the child is registered with a cardiologist. You can find out the appointment time at the reception; the doctor himself will tell you the frequency of visits. Complex cases are within the competence of the medical commission.

Neurologist

A neurologist checks the functioning of the child’s nervous system. The specialist examines muscle tone, checks the baby’s innate reflexes, sets parameters for neuropsychic development and checks motor skills. The mother must understand that examinations by a neurologist are very important for the child. Some lesions of the central nervous system that occurred during gestation can be detected precisely at 1 month of life.

A neurologist checks the child’s reflexes; the purpose of the examination is to identify central nervous system diseases in the early stages

Special procedures are carried out that can identify the syndrome of central nervous system depression, the syndrome of increased neuro-reflex excitability. Having discovered a pathology, the neurologist prescribes treatment, which is especially important to begin in the first month. The baby’s nervous system continues to develop, so timely correction and elimination of identified disorders will involve a reversibility mechanism. This means that the baby receives the necessary help and continues to develop normally.

Among the examination methods there is also neurosonography (ultrasound of the brain). The first examination should be carried out in the maternity hospital. If it is not done, the neurologist will definitely prescribe it. The procedure is aimed at detecting developmental defects, signs of hydrocephalus, hypertension syndrome, vascular cysts, ventricular dilatations, and intracranial hemorrhages.

Orthopedist

A child needs an orthopedist to examine the musculoskeletal system. The first appointment allows the doctor to determine the presence or absence of hip dysplasia in the baby. By spreading the child’s legs at the hip joint and examining the gluteal folds for symmetry, the specialist is clearly convinced of whether there is a problem or not. The disease, diagnosed at an early age, is well treated by correction. If the disorder starts, the child will need the help of a surgeon, who will have to correct more complex changes. An orthopedist can identify congenital clubfoot, muscular torticollis, and dislocation. An ultrasound of the hip joints is required, which confirms or reveals their dysplasia (we recommend reading:).

Surgeon

The surgeon's studies can detect inguinal or hemangioma (a tumor on the skin of a vascular nature), cryptorchidism (when the testicles have not descended into the scrotum), phimosis (narrowing of the foreskin) (we recommend reading:). The listed diseases are typical for boys. Early diagnosis of pathologies ensures correct and successful treatment of identified ailments.

If disorders are diagnosed so early, the doctor carries out the necessary treatment to prevent the formation of more complex changes. A hernia causes compression of the mass contained in it by the hernial orifice. Untreated phimosis leads to an inflammatory process in the glans penis (balanitis or balanoposthitis). You may be scheduled to visit only a surgeon, since in some clinics the doctor combines two specialties, orthopedist and surgeon.

Oculist

The area of ​​research of the ophthalmologist is the vision of the infant. Naturally, no table is offered to the child at one month of age. The doctor examines the fundus of the eye to exclude retinal pathology, checks the focus of the gaze and the correct patency of the nasolacrimal ducts. Having established that there are violations, the ophthalmologist draws up a conservative treatment plan that helps save the baby from dangerous complications in the visual organ.

Early vision testing is necessary to identify possible congenital or acquired disorders

ENT

The task of the ENT specialist is to use audiological screening to check the child’s hearing for any disorders. Having detected deviations, the specialist issues a referral to the audiology center. The center's doctors conduct more in-depth studies on the subject of hearing loss. Hearing is very important for a child because it affects his mental and speech development. Early diagnosis and treatment can prevent more serious problems.

The baby is 2 months old, which doctors should I visit?

Basic examinations have already been completed, so at 2 months you should only visit your pediatrician. The doctor will continue to monitor the overall development of the baby, familiarize you with the ultrasound findings for dysplasia and disturbances in the functioning of internal organs, and with the results of the tests performed. They may be asked to take tests again. What events await you in 2 months:

• Parametric measurements of height, weight, chest and head circumference. Calculation of weight gain. If problems were discovered during the first visit, the doctor will prescribe a repeat examination for them.
• Testing a child's hand control. Hearing and vision testing. If the child is healthy, the doctor may limit himself to an external examination.
• Additionally, they will remind the mother who is breastfeeding about the importance of the baby taking vitamin D or fluoride if it is found to be deficient. For a bottle-fed baby, the pediatrician may prescribe iron supplements.

The very first acquaintance of a newborn with a doctor occurs immediately after birth, during an examination by a neonatologist. Meetings with other specialists in white coats, in the absence of other indications, take place according to the examination calendar. And one of the first names on it is a neurologist (neuropathologist).

A pediatric neurologist (or neuropathologist) is a specialist who carefully monitors the development and maturation of the baby’s nervous system. The state of the human nervous system is one of the main indicators of the state of the whole organism. And if you do not pay due attention to the nervous system and its pathological manifestations from an early age, this can lead to a delay in the baby’s psychomotor development, disturbances in his behavior and many other “diseases from the nerves.”

Doctor's examination: when, why and why?

Every child, even a completely healthy one, should be observed by a neurologist. The doctor, together with the parents, will monitor the compliance of the baby’s psychomotor development with the age norm, celebrate his new successes and achievements, and give moms and dads individual recommendations on raising and caring for the child. The baby's neurological status changes during the first year of life (approximately every three months), so a preventive examination (routine medical examination) is usually carried out at 1 month, 3 months, 6 months and 1 year. In the second year of life, it is necessary to bring the child to a neurologist twice - at 1.5 and 2 years, and then the examination must be carried out annually. Based on certain symptoms, the specialist determines during each examination whether there is a delay in the child’s development, and, if necessary, prescribes additional examinations or consultations with other specialists.

Visit to the doctor

An examination of a baby by a specialist usually consists of several stages. First of all, each mother will share her complaints with the doctor, talk about the general well-being of the child and the diseases he has suffered. Based on the complaints, the neurologist will draw up a detailed examination plan and begin examining the baby.

Study of cranial nerve functions
The position of the eyes at rest, determining the size of the pupils, the asymmetry of the face, observing the reaction to sound, the volume of the voice, the position of the tongue in the mouth - all this allows the specialist to assess the condition of each pair of cranial nerves.

Research of the motor sphere
The presence and severity of reflexes is an important indicator of psychomotor development. The study of the motor sphere includes assessment of:

• muscle tone (dystonia - hypertonicity or hypotension);
• tendon reflexes;
• identification of pathological and postural (their meaning is the creation of a static posture, while the muscles are “trained” to hold the pose actively), as well as unconditioned reflexes.

Sensitivity study
These studies are extremely difficult to conduct in infants. Here the doctor turns to parents for help and their observations of the baby. For example, periodic complaints from parents about the child’s anxiety when putting on a hat are considered by neurologists to be hyperesthesia - increased sensitivity of the skin to irritation.

Cognitive assessment
This is an integral part of the neurological examination. In children under 6 months of age, pathological manifestations may include communication disorders, which are determined by the ability to focus their gaze, follow an object, and identify familiar faces with their gaze. Various manifestations of the emotional sphere (a variety of facial expressions, smiling, laughter, babbling) are also a strong indicator of the maturity and state of the child’s nervous system.

Note to moms
During a visit to a specialist, the baby should be in a state of maximum comfort. For this purpose, all the necessary conditions have been created in the doctor’s office - there is optimal lighting and air temperature and a comfortable changing table. However, mothers should also take care that the baby is comfortable and calm. To do this, the child must be allowed to rest a couple of hours before the visit to the neurologist, and do not forget to feed him an hour before the doctor’s visit.

What can our baby do?
Before you go to see a neurologist, you yourself can try to assess the psychomotor development of your child. The following tips will help you with this:

• At 1 month, the baby maintains the uterine position while sleeping, but from the 3rd week he stretches when waking up. Can't hold his head upright. Briefly fixes his gaze on a bright object and follows its movement in the horizontal direction. From 3.5–5 weeks the first smile appears in response to a gentle voice addressed to him, and throat sounds appear. Movements are unfocused and chaotic.
• At 2 months, the child can turn from back to side, repeats the mother’s smile and reacts with inept imitative facial expressions to her facial expression. The first manifestations of the revitalization complex are noted.
• From 3 months, lying on his stomach, the baby rests on his forearms and lifts and holds his head well. Fixes his gaze on an object brought to his face and hums. The baby has a clearly expressed complex of revival, both in response to an adult and to any optical stimulus. The baby plays with his hands, feels his fingers, pulls them into his mouth. Laughter appears for the first time.
• At the age of 4 months, the child confidently rolls over from his back to his stomach and sits down when pulled up by his arms, assisted by movements of his head and shoulders. Holds a rattle in his hand and waves it. The smile turns into loud, ringing laughter. Holds mother's breast or bottle during feeding with both hands.
• At 5 months, the child lies on his stomach for a long time, raising his head and shoulder girdle, leaning on the palms of his straightened arms, crawling on his stomach sideways and backwards, less often forwards. He smiles at his image in the mirror, recognizes his mother and reacts differently to strangers.
• At 6 months, he actively turns over from his stomach to his back and moves on his belly. Transfers the toy from one hand to the other. Prefers some toys over others. Babbling appears.
• From 7 months the baby gets on all fours and tries to crawl. When strangers appear, signs of fear and crying appear. He looks for and finds with his gaze the object that the adult is asking about, and extends his hand to his reflection in the mirror.
• At 8 months, the baby sits up and lies down on his own, sits confidently without support. Crawls on all fours. Holding on with his hand, he gets up, stands, and falls. At the request of an adult, performs learned movements (“okay”, “goodbye”, “give me a pen”). Knows his name.
• At 9 months he walks with the support of his arms or holding onto a support with his hands. While sitting, he bends and turns. Drinks from a cup. Looks for a hidden toy or one that has fallen on the floor.
• At 10 months, he takes steps forward, holding onto a movable support with his hands. Performs various actions with objects. Imitating an adult, he repeats various sounds and syllables after him. Tears paper, newspaper, follows the movements of thrown objects.
• At 11 months, a child can stand for a short time without support. Walks holding the hand of an adult. With support, squatting and bending over, bends over to pick up a toy. Places one object on top of another, removes and places the rings of the pyramid on the rod. Can drop a small object into a mug. The first meaningful simplified words appear.
• By 12 months, the baby gets up, stands and walks independently. Says up to 10 words. Begins to help when he is dressed. Sometimes he uses the pot for its intended purpose. Knows the meaning of the word “impossible.” The beginnings of manipulative games appear.

During the first year of life, a neurologist examines the baby several times. And even if during the examination the doctor discovers any “deficiencies” in the formation of the nervous system, do not be alarmed: most of them can be corrected if diagnosed early. This is why you should never postpone a visit to a neurologist.

L.A. Kozlovskaya, neurologist, Clinic “9+”
(Mother and Child Group of Companies)

Well, the baby has grown up. The child is 1 year old. What can he do?

Movements

• At this time, most children can walk independently. If your baby does not walk yet, do not be discouraged - everything is individual, some children begin to walk at 1 year old. and 3 months.
• The baby usually knows how to climb onto a sofa, bed, chair, etc., but he doesn’t always know how to get off there.

Speech 1 year old child

• By the age of 1, most children begin to speak simple words: “mom”, “dad”, “give”, etc. On average, at the age of 1 year, children say about 10 words. But here, too, everything is strictly individual.
• If your baby does not speak words, but at the same time understands everything: knows names, recognizes loved ones from photographs, fulfills simple requests: “give me a pen,” “wave goodbye,” “bring a ball,” etc. - you shouldn’t be upset either. .
• By the age of 1, a child recognizes pictures in a book and can show them on a favorite picture or doll: eyes, nose, mouth, or on a car: wheels, steering wheel, cabin. Your baby doesn’t know how to do this yet, it’s time to learn.

Skills Child 1 year

• By the age of 1 year, the child drinks well from a cup, holding it with his hands. This skill very much depends on the parents - whether you taught him to drink from a cup or not. If you haven't taught it yet, it's time to teach it.
• By the age of 1, the baby can disassemble and assemble a pyramid.
• Some children by the age of 1 can ask to use the potty.

Examination at the clinic Child 1 year old

Examination of a child at the clinic at 1 year of age includes

• general blood analysis,
• general urine analysis,
• perianal scraping,
• stool test for worm eggs,
• Mantoux reaction,

doctor's examinations

• pediatrician,
• neurologist,
• ophthalmologist,
• Laura,
• surgeon,
• dentist,
• Some clinics still have a healthy child’s office, where the appointment is led by a nurse who assesses your child’s skills and abilities and tells you how to deal with a child at this age and what to pay attention to. If your clinic does not have such an office, your local medical specialist will handle this. sister.
• If you have not yet given your child an ECG (electrocardiogram), this examination is also carried out at 1 year of age.

It’s better to start with tests and examinations by specialist doctors.

Analyzes

• General blood test - recommended for all children at 1 year of age. Most often it reveals: a decrease in hemoglobin. A decrease in hemoglobin below 100 g/l is an indication for treatment with iron preparations and a contraindication for vaccinations (the Mantoux river is allowed, the level of hemoglobin does not affect its result).
• A general urine test can detect urinary tract diseases. It's very important here
• Perianal scraping is performed to identify enterobiasis. Allows you to detect pinworm eggs on the perianal folds of the child. To ensure the reliability of this analysis, the child does not need to be washed in the morning on the day of the examination and in the evening the day before. If helminth eggs are detected, the child is prescribed treatment, then a follow-up examination, and vaccination is carried out after treatment.
• Fecal analysis for helminth eggs is carried out to exclude enterobiasis and other helminth infections.

Doctors

teeth after “silvering”

Dentist

By the age of 1 year, a child usually has 8 teeth: 4 upper and 4 lower incisors. To the list of things that can be detected, by the age of 1, the initial signs of caries are added: stains on the teeth, darkening of the enamel, chips. The enamel of baby teeth is thinner and more sensitive than the enamel of permanent teeth - therefore it is easily damaged.

And in some children it is especially weak. When identifying the initial signs of caries, the doctor may suggest “silvering” the teeth: applying silver compounds to the teeth, as a result of which the teeth are covered with a thin film that protects them from further destruction. The procedure is painless. True, in this case the teeth are painted an unsightly black color, but tooth decay is significantly slowed down and the need for more serious treatment is postponed.

Pediatrician

This is followed by an examination by a pediatrician with weighing, measuring, etc. At 1 year of age, the average height of a child is 75 cm. Average weight - 10 kg. The average head circumference is 46cm, chest circumference is 49cm. The large fontanel is most often closed and the child has 8 teeth. But all these are just averages - guidelines. If a child does not correspond to them in some way, this does not make him worse or better than others. If the child is healthy, he is then sent to the Mantoux reaction. This is not a vaccination, but a skin test, so it can be allowed when the child has a medical exemption from vaccinations. But there are recommendations regarding it too.().

Repeated examination by a pediatrician. 72 hours after Mantoux (on the third day), the child is again invited to the pediatrician to evaluate the Mantoux results. Next, if everything is fine with the Mantoux River, the pediatrician examines the child and sends him for vaccination (more precisely, 2): against measles + mumps and rubella.

Vaccinations are performed with a live, attenuated vaccine. The reaction to the vaccine is assessed at 10-14 days; there may be weakness, lethargy, a temperature of up to 37.2, which goes away on its own. There are practically no pronounced reactions to this vaccine. Read more about this vaccination in one of the following articles.

1 year old child daily routine

At 1 year of age, a child usually sleeps 1 time during the day: 2-3 hours, night sleep lasts 10-12 hours. During the day, the child is awake for approximately 10-12 hours and sleeps for 12-14 hours. At 1 year of age, it is recommended to feed the child at least 5 times a day.

Child 1 year old Sample menu

• 7.00 - Breakfast: 150-180g, Milk () 70-100g.
• 10.00- Second breakfast: Juice 80-100g and cookies.
• 13.00 - Lunch: Soup (with 50g) 150-180 ml, A piece of bread, Compote or jelly 70-100 ml Soup with vegetables in the form of soft pieces (mash with a fork). You can cook for everyone, taking into account the child’s needs: do not overcook vegetables, but simply add them to the soup during the cooking process, use lean meat, do not add hot seasonings and sauces, add light salt.
• 16.00 - Afternoon snack: 50-70g. or fresh fruit 50-100g. Kefir (milk) 70-100g.
• 19.00 - Dinner: 150-180g. Bread. Compote 70-100g.
• If necessary, before bedtime, you can breastfeed the baby or give him 200g of the formula to which he is accustomed.

Taya, 24 years old 10/10/2016

Good afternoon.

My baby is 1 month old. We haven't had a routine examination yet. This was my first pregnancy and I gave birth without any problems. But at the moment I am worried about poor sleep and frequent crying - day and night. The baby also spits up often (I read that this is bad). Sometimes it seems to me that my son’s chin is trembling (they write that this is also very bad).

I want to contact your clinic, but I think that I need to somehow prepare. What does a neurologist look for in a 1 month old baby? And are any special preparations needed for the inspection procedure?

What other diagnostic tests can be prescribed for symptoms such as ours (poor sleep, crying, frequent regurgitation)? How serious can our situation be?

Good afternoon.

When examining a one-month-old baby, pay attention to the following signs:

· general condition of the child (activity, reaction to others);

· muscle tone and its symmetry;

· condition and color of the skin;

· condition of the head (size of fontanelles, tension of the skin over them);

· level of development (at 1 month, the baby can already briefly concentrate his gaze on a bright, slowly moving object, and also react to loud sounds; particularly “advanced” children can even smile);

· the presence and symmetry of the main reflexes.

No special preparation is required for examining a child at 1 month. The general rule: it is best to examine the baby an hour and a half after feeding (this is especially true in your case, since you complain of frequent regurgitation).

However, it should be taken into account that before the examination, the neurologist conducts a survey, for which certain preparation is also necessary (ask the baby’s grandparents about the development of his parents (as our experience shows, the baby’s fathers and mothers are not always able to tell details about their own infancy)). Information about the presence/absence of neurological diseases in all close relatives will also be useful.

In addition, you will have to talk about the course of pregnancy and childbirth, about the daily routine (how many times a day does the baby eat), about changes in height and weight, and also describe in detail all the symptoms that concern you (how often does regurgitation occur, how many minutes after eating how often does the baby cry, does he calm down after feeding, etc.).

After examination, in your case, an absolutely harmless examination for the baby may be prescribed, which has high diagnostic accuracy and allows for timely recognition of severe disorders.

You can read more about the symptoms that worry you in our article “”.