Boulevard Ring history of creation. The Boulevard Ring is a landmark of the Russian capital. Arbat Gate Square
The boulevard ring was improved in two stages. First of all, last year they repaired the inner - even side of the boulevards: Nikitsky, Tverskoy, Strastnoy, Petrovsky, Rozhdestvensky, Sretensky, Chistoprudny. This year, the outer side - odd, 10 boulevards of the ring, including Ustyinsky proezd, Soymonovsky proezd and Khokhlovskaya square, were landscaped:
The boulevard ring includes 10 boulevards with a total length of about 10 km. Despite the name, it does not form a closed circle. In the west it ends at the Prechistensky Gate Square, and in the east - at the Bolshoy Ustyinsky Bridge.
A series of boulevards appeared in the city center at the end of the 18th century, after the walls of the White City, erected at the end of the 16th century, were dismantled by decree of Catherine II.
The wall of fortifications with 27 powerful towers started from the Moscow River in the area of the Cathedral of Christ the Savior and ended at the confluence of the Yauza into the Moscow River.
In 2017, 8.19 km of boulevards with a total area of 11.25 hectares were landscaped. The longest section under repair is Yauzsky Boulevard, 1.2 km long. 61.826 thousand square meters were laid on the sidewalks. m of granite tiles. Most tiles are now on Pokrovsky Boulevard - 10 thousand square meters. m. The main lighting poles were replaced on all boulevards. A total of 431 poles and 66 floor lamps were installed. New floor lamps appeared on Gogolevsky Boulevard - 46 pieces and Khokhlovskaya Square - 13.
This season, trees were not planted in the green belt, new seedlings were planted only on Chistoprudny Boulevard - 38 pieces and Khokhlovskaya Square - 34. Shrubs will add greenery to Chistoprudny Boulevard in spring. Here they were planted in 1532, and in total 2150 shrubs were planted on the Boulevard Ring. The facades of four buildings on Petrovsky Boulevard and five facades on Rozhdestvensky Boulevard were repaired.
Gogol Boulevard
Photo: press service of the capital repairs department / Gogolevsky Boulevard
Gogolevsky Boulevard runs from Prechistenskiye Gate Square to Arbat Gate Square. The original name is Prechistensky Boulevard, along a nearby street. In 1924, in honor of the 115th anniversary of the great writer Nikolai Gogol, the boulevard was renamed Gogolevsky.
The length of the improvement on Gogolevsky Boulevard was 700 m, and the total repair area was 1.8 hectares. Sidewalks, with an area of 7.6 thousand square meters. m, paved with granite tiles. On the outside boulevard put in order the facades of three houses. Lampposts were replaced with new ones, 65 main lighting poles were installed and light was added by 46 floor lamps.
Five navigation steles help pedestrians navigate. For a comfortable stay, benches and bins were placed - 72 pieces. Public transport stops have been replaced with four new modules where passengers can recharge their gadgets and access the Internet via Wi-Fi.
Pokrovsky boulevard
Photo: portal Moscow 24 / Nikita Simonov / Pokrovsky Boulevard
Pokrovsky Boulevard is located in the Basmanny district of the Central District of Moscow. Named after Pokrovka Street and the Pokrovsky Gates of the White City. Passes from Khokhlovskaya Square to Vorontsovo Pole Street (Yauzsky Boulevard). Until 1760, the wall of the White City stood on the site of the boulevard, after its demolition, the territory was spontaneously built up with buildings that were destroyed by a fire in 1812. In the 1820s, a green boulevard was laid out here.
Pokrovsky Boulevard, 800 meters long, was paved with granite tiles. 10.3 thousand square meters were laid out with stone coating. m. The wires of various communication systems were removed underground. The length of the wires in the cable duct was 20.6 km, 110 cable wells were equipped to maintain the cable duct. We installed 62 main lighting poles and three navigation steles for pedestrians. 238 bushes were planted on the boulevard and 100 benches and trash bins were placed. Waiting for public transport has become more comfortable after the installation of four modern stopping modules.
Yauzsky boulevard
Photo: press service of the department of capital repairs / Yauzsky Boulevard
Yauzsky Boulevard runs from Vorontsovo Pole Street and Podkolokolny Lane to Yauzsky Gate Square. The boulevard was rebuilt in 1824 after a fire in 1812.
On September 2, 1812, the Russian army retreated along the Yauza road, so the boulevard area turned out to be the center of a fire and burned to the ground. On the site of the burnt buildings, a boulevard was laid out, which reached only as far as Petropavlovsky Lane. Despite the royal decrees, the last section of the boulevards from Petropavlovsky Lane to Yauzskiye Vorota Square turned out to be densely built up and was not expanded even during the Soviet period.
Yauzsky Boulevard is one of the longest on the Boulevard Ring. Its length is 1.2 km. An area of 1.1 hectares was landscaped here. The wires were removed into the cable duct with a length of 13.8 km. Granite paving of sidewalks amounted to 4.3 thousand square meters. m. At night, the boulevard is now illuminated by 55 main lighting poles. Pedestrians are assisted by four new navigation steles. Passengers are waiting for public transport at the new public transport stops. Four stopping modules were installed on the boulevard. 84 benches and trash cans were placed along the sidewalks.
Nikitsky boulevard
Photo: press service of the department of capital repairs / Nikitsky Boulevard
Nikitsky Boulevard runs from Arbat Gate Square to Nikitsky Gate Square. It was named after the Nikitsky Convent, founded in the 16th century by the boyar Nikita Romanovich Zakharyev-Yuryev, the grandfather of Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich, the first representative of the Romanov dynasty.
The Nikitsky Monastery gave its name to the gates of the White City. At the end of the 17th century, the walls and gates of the White City were leveled, and in the early 20s of the 19th century, a boulevard was laid out in its place, which was called Nikitsky. The monastery was abolished in the mid-1920s. Its buildings were dismantled by 1933. In 1950, the boulevard was renamed Suvorovsky. In 1993, the historical name was returned.
Nikitsky Boulevard was landscaped for 700 m. The length of the underground cable duct, where the wires were removed, was 7 km. Granite tiles covered 3.4 thousand square meters. m of pavement surfaces. Four facades of buildings located on the boulevard were repaired. Installed new lighting poles - 30 in total. Two navigation steles provide location information to pedestrians. A new bus stop module was installed here, and 18 benches and rubbish bins were placed along the pedestrian part.
Tverskoy boulevard
Photo: portal of the mayor and government of Moscow
Tverskoy Boulevard is the longest on the Boulevard Ring. Passes from Nikitsky Gate Square to Pushkinskaya Square. The boulevard was laid in the summer of 1796, and before that, in 1782, the wall of the White City was demolished. In the autumn of 1812, during a fire, the houses on both sides of the boulevard were badly damaged, and on the boulevard itself a camp was set up for French soldiers, who cut down almost all the trees for fuel. After a short time, the boulevard was restored and gazebos, bridges and fountains were built.
In 1880, a monument to Alexander Pushkin was erected at the end of the boulevard. In the 1880s, a horse-drawn line was laid along the boulevard, in 1911 the horse-drawn carriage was replaced by a tram. At the end of the 19th century, tenement houses in the eclectic and Art Nouveau styles appeared on the boulevard. In 1946, according to the project of the architect Vitaly Dolganov, the boulevard was replanned and landscaped.
About 900 m of Tverskoy Boulevard was landscaped under the My Street program in 2017. The lines of overhead wires were removed underground, the length of the cable duct was 11 km. 5 thousand square meters were paved with granite tiles. m sidewalks. We installed 37 main lighting poles and 15 floor lamps. 47 benches and urns were placed, two navigation steles were installed. For comfortable waiting for public transport, three modern bus stops have been installed.
Strastnoy boulevard
Photo: press service of the capital repairs department / Strastnoy Boulevard
Strastnoy Boulevard - in the Tverskoy district of the Central District of Moscow, runs from Pushkinskaya Square to Petrovsky Gate Square. In the 19th century, one half of the boulevard was occupied by the Strastnoy Monastery, demolished in 1938, and on the other, from Bolshaya Dmitrovka to Petrovka, there was Sennaya Square, which was formed in the 18th century. In the 1820s, the boulevard was planted with two rows of trees.
Strastnoy Boulevard, 500 meters long, was paved with 3.6 thousand square meters. m of granite tiles. The wires were removed underground into a cable duct 5.3 km long. Instead of old lampposts, 20 new main lighting poles were installed. Two navigation steles were erected to guide pedestrians. We set up 17 benches and trash cans and set up one bus stop.
Petrovsky Boulevard
Photo: Press Service of the Capital Repair Department/Petrovsky Boulevard
Petrovsky Boulevard is located between Petrovsky Gate and Trubnaya squares. It was named in the 1820s along the street and square of the Petrovsky Gates, from which it descends to Trubnaya Square.
The boulevard was laid at the beginning of the 19th century on the site of the walls of the White City demolished in the 1780s. During the fire of 1812, many houses and trees burned down here. In 1818 the boulevard was restored. In the 1880s, a horse-drawn line was laid along the boulevard, which was replaced by a tram in 1911. At the beginning of 1941, a trolley bus was launched, and in 1963 the tram line was removed from the boulevard.
On Petrovsky Boulevard, 500 meters long, overhead wires were removed and put underground into a cable duct. Its length was 7.5 km. The sidewalks on the boulevard were paved with granite tiles - a total of 2.5 thousand square meters. m. Four facades of buildings have been repaired. We installed 29 main lighting poles, set up 17 benches and rubbish bins, installed one pedestrian navigation stele and one bus stop.
Rozhdestvensky boulevard
Photo: Press Service of the Capital Repair Department/Rozhdestvensky Boulevard
Rozhdestvensky Boulevard runs from Trubnaya Square to Sretensky Gate Square. It received its modern name at the beginning of the 19th century along Rozhdestvenka Street, to which it adjoins, and according to the Mother of God-Rozhdestvensky Convent.
The surroundings of Trubnaya Square have been known since the end of the 14th century, when the Rozhdestvensky Convent and the Sretensky Monastery were founded. After the demolition of the walls of the White City in 1760, despite the order of Catherine II to equip the boulevards, the place of the current boulevard was spontaneously built up with shops. During the fire of 1812, the inner side of the boulevard survived, while the outer side was destroyed along with the shops near the former fortress walls. Green Boulevard was equipped in the 1820s.
The length of the improvement on Rozhdestvensky Boulevard was half a kilometer. Granite tiles laid out the pedestrian part with an area of 2.3 thousand square meters. m. Cable ducts were laid underground, where 7.6 km long wires were removed. The facades of five houses were repaired. And instead of the old lanterns, 21 main lighting poles were installed. 17 benches and rubbish bins were placed along the sidewalks.
Sretensky boulevard
Photo: press service of the capital repairs department / Sretensky Boulevard
Sretensky Boulevard runs from Sretensky Gate Square to Turgenevskaya Square. It was created in 1830 on the site of the walls of the White City demolished in the 1780s and was named after the nearby Sretenka Street. In the 1880s, a horse-drawn line was laid along the boulevard. In 1911 it was replaced by a tram. In 1952, the boulevard was reconstructed: new trees were planted and flower beds laid out. The tram line was removed in 1971.
On Sretensky Boulevard, 500 meters long, granite tiles were laid, the paving area was 2.5 thousand square meters. m. The wires were removed into a cable duct 4.6 km long. New lampposts were installed - 14 poles and three floor lamps. For pedestrians, they put up one navigation stele and placed 27 benches and trash cans.
Chistoprudny Boulevard
Photo: Portal of the Mayor and Government of Moscow / Chistoprudny Boulevard
Chistoprudny Boulevard is located between the Myasnitsky Gate and Pokrovsky Gate squares. The area occupied by the boulevard has been known since the 16th century, when slaughterhouses settled here - "Animal Yard", later "Sovereign Battle Yard". The meat trade gave its name to the adjacent Myasnitskaya Street, and the nearest swamp, where its waste was dumped, was nicknamed Pogany Pond. The Rachka brook flowed out of the swamp, flowing south and flowing into the Moscow River at the Orphanage.
The meat trade on Myasnitskaya was curtailed in 1710. After the fire of 1812, the remains of the wall of the White City were demolished, the pond was cleared, and two hotel buildings were built at the ends of the resulting boulevard.
At the end of the 19th century, the boulevard was built up with three-four-story tenement houses; in 1945-1952, most of these houses were built up to six or seven floors while maintaining the overall architectural appearance.
On Chistoprudny Boulevard, 1 km long, 5.7 thousand square meters were paved with granite tiles. m sidewalks. The facades of six buildings have been renovated. Installed new lighting poles - 48 in total. 45 benches and rubbish bins were placed along the footpaths. 38 trees and 1532 shrubs were planted. A new bus stop has been installed.
Ustyinsky proezd
Photo: press service of the department of capital repairs / Ustyinsky proezd
Ustyinsky proezd goes from Solyanka street and Yauzskaya street to Bolshoi Ustyinsky bridge. The passage connects the Boulevard Ring with Zamoskvorechye. Passes along the Yauza Gate Square. It is named after the mouth of the Yauza located near. The passage has been known since the 19th century.
In Ustyinsky proezd, 300 m long, sidewalks were paved with granite tiles - 2.2 thousand square meters. m. Laid drainage networks. Seven new main lighting poles were installed. For pedestrians, two navigation steles were installed. Arranged 10 benches and bins. There is one modern bus stop on the road.
Soymonovsky proezd
Photo: Press Service of the Department of Capital Repairs/Soimonovskiy proezd
Soymonovsky proezd is a street in the center of Moscow, at the beginning of the Boulevard Ring, between Prechistenskaya embankment and Prechistenskiye Vorota square. The passage connects the Boulevard Ring with the Moskva River embankment in the west in the same way as Ustyinsky passage in the east.
The name was given by the name of the landlord of the second half of the 18th century, Privy Councilor Mikhail Soymonov, one of the organizers of mining in Russia. From 1888 to 1923 it was called Lesnoy Lane. In 1923, the former name was returned to eliminate names of the same name.
Sidewalks in Soymonovsky proezd, 300 meters long, were paved with granite tiles, the paving area was 11.6 thousand square meters. m. The wires were removed underground, 11.1 km of wires were hidden in the cable duct. The passage has become much brighter; 43 main lighting poles have been installed here. To help pedestrians - three navigation steles. Arranged 32 benches and bins. For a more comfortable waiting for buses, five new stopping modules with sockets and Internet access were installed.
Khokhlovskaya Square
Photo: press service of the capital repairs department
Khokhlovskaya Square is located between Pokrovsky and Chistoprudny Boulevards, not far from Pokrovka Street. At the end of the 16th century, the wall of the White City, built according to the project of the architect Fyodor Kon, ran along the square. By the end of the 18th century, under Catherine II, the dilapidated fortress was finally dismantled into bricks, and the Boulevard Ring began to form in its place. Since the 17th century, the name Khokhlovsky Lane has been used - after the area of Khokhly, or Khokhlovka, in which Ukrainians settled. In all likelihood, the origin of the name is associated with the proximity to Maroseyka Street, where at that time the Little Russian (Ukrainian) courtyard was located.
The area of improvement of Khokhlovskaya Square was about 300 meters. The first underground amphitheater with an area of 694 sq. m at the foot of the five-hundred-year-old wall of the White City. A fragment of the historical wall 64 m long was restored. Behind her, a blank wall of concrete, resembling natural black stone, was erected specifically to strengthen the lower tier. The retaining wall was made green, 352 bushes were planted vertically.
The pedestrian area around the amphitheater and inside was paved not with granite tiles, but with a special material made from safe natural and artificial components - sand, glass, stone chips and epoxy binder. Covered 2.5 thousand square meters. m. The area is illuminated by 13 floor lamps. 34 trees were planted on the upper tier, one informational navigation stele was installed, benches and urns were placed - 18 in total.
The Boulevard Ring in Moscow was formed on the site of the defensive walls that once stood here, which lost their relevance by the end of the eighteenth century and were no longer kept in proper condition by that time. So, in 1750, a part of the wall collapsed and buried several people under it.
The former fortification began to be dismantled during the reign of Empress Catherine II, for which a special Stone Order was formed in 1774.
The dismantling plan was presented as early as 1775. It followed from it that on the site of the fortifications of the White City, alleys should have been built, lined with trees on both sides, and on the site of the former towers with passage gates, open squares were laid out (which is why the word “gate” is present in the name of many squares of the Boulevard Ring). The plan was personally approved by Catherine II, after which the performers immediately began work.
The fortified area was soon razed to the ground, and the valuable at that time stone from the dismantled walls was used for construction (in particular, a magnificent one was built from it).
It should be noted that the construction of boulevards was not some purely Russian feature. At that time, they were being created in many European cities on the site of the former medieval ramparts, which were already within the boundaries of growing settlements.
This word comes, according to experts, from the German "bolverk", which means "fortified earthen rampart". Further, it was adopted by the French, and then it came to Russia, transforming into a "boulevard". True, the people originally pronounced it in the Russian manner - “gulvar”.
The first to appear on the future Boulevard Ring was Tverskoy Boulevard. It happened in 1796. The project was developed by the architect Semyon Antonovich Karin, who then served at the City Administration of the Deanery. Almost immediately, its territory became a favorite place for Muscovites, where they liked to walk and relax. In addition, Tverskoy has become a kind of secular living room.
The number of boulevards increased every year. Vissarion Grigoryevich Belinsky in 1845 called this green belt of Moscow the best urban decoration, which even the capital at that time St. Petersburg could envy. Respectively, beautiful place and gave the euphonious name - "ring".
But there were also serious problems. So, in 1862, a huge number of trees were illegally cut down on the Boulevard Ring, which, most likely, were used to kindle stoves that were then common in the city for heating dwellings. In addition, the lawn itself was fairly rumpled from walking and walking dogs, and the fence was simply broken in many places.
The Moscow governor-general was forced to immediately report the situation personally to the tsar, who ordered that the necessary measures be taken to protect the green belt of the Mother See. It was then that caretakers appeared on the ring, whose direct duty was to keep order. But this was not the only action of the authorities, who were forced to ban the movement of carts, cycling and even the walking of citizens with suitcases in this place.
The first transport - horse-drawn carriage - appeared on the Boulevard Ring in 1887 and already at the beginning of the 20th century roundabout became one of the main city highways and was called the ring "A".
The horse tram was replaced by a tram in 1911. The first car on the route "A", nicknamed by the Muscovites, passed on February 29 (?) (indicated in some sources). Interestingly, the circular route even ran along the Kremlin walls.
Tram "A" has become not just an ordinary vehicle, but some kind of. Mention of him can be found in the works of Ilf and Petrov, Konstantin Paustovsky, Mikhail Zoshchenko and Bulat Okudzhava.
The Boulevard Ring was badly damaged during the bombing of Moscow in 1941, but after the end of World War II, the boulevards were quickly restored and they came to life again. In the period from 1945 to 1947 alone, more than 4 thousand trees and even more shrubs were planted here - about 130,000 (!).
On the eve of the celebration of the 800th anniversary of the founding of Moscow, the mesh fence was replaced with low cast-iron fences, and wooden sofas were installed instead of ordinary benches. The entrances to the walking area were also decorated with monumental lamps and elegant flowerpots. The project of complex reconstruction and landscaping was carried out under the leadership of Vitaly Ivanovich Dolganov.
Boulevards and squares of the Boulevard Ring
The boulevard ring has only 10 boulevards and 13 squares. Despite its, so to speak, geometric reference, it is not closed and is limited on the south side by the channel of the Moskva River. It includes:
The Boulevard Ring was declared a "monument of garden and park art" in 1978. By the 850th anniversary of the founding of the city, the coloristic design of the buildings limiting it was developed and implemented. The project was developed by the architect Alexander Vladimirovich Zhuk (?).
Continuous sequence of boulevards and squares in the Central Administrative District of Moscow. Includes 10 boulevards. But physically the ring does not form a closed circle, the Boulevard Ring in the west ends at the square, and in the east - at the Bolshoi Ustyinsky Bridge. The length of the Boulevard Ring is more than 9 km.
The boulevard ring appeared on the site of dismantled walls and towers. At the end of the 18th century, the city grew, the Belgorod wall lost its defensive significance and was dismantled in the 1770s-1780s, and boulevards were laid in its place. The names of many squares between the boulevards, called "gates", remind of the passing fortress towers in the former city wall. The first boulevard (Tverskoy) was laid out in 1796 according to the project of the architect S. Karin, the ring as a whole took shape after 1812.
In 1887, an end appeared on the Boulevard Ring, which in 1911 was replaced by an electric tram. The ring route closed on.
By the holiday of the 800th anniversary of Moscow (1947), the old mesh fence was replaced with a patterned cast-iron barrier, and comfortable wooden sofas were installed instead of garden benches, more than 4 thousand trees and 13 thousand shrubs were planted. The project of complex reconstruction and landscaping of the Boulevard Ring was led by V. I. Dolganov.
In 1978, the Boulevard Ring was declared a monument of garden and park art.
Boulevards and ring squares:
Clockwise:
- (sometimes referred to as a ring)
- Square
- Arbat Square
- Arbat Gate Square with the Arbat Tunnel underneath
- Nikitsky boulevard
- Nikitsky Gate Square
- Tverskoy boulevard
- Pushkin Square
- Strastnoy boulevard
- Petrovsky Gate Square
- Petrovsky Boulevard
- Trubnaya Square
- Rozhdestvensky boulevard
- Sretensky Gate Square
- Sretensky boulevard
- Turgenevskaya Square
- Butcher's Gate Square
- Chistoprudny Boulevard
- Pokrovsky Gate Square
- Khokhlovskaya Square
- Pokrovsky boulevard
- Yauzsky boulevard
- Yauza Gate Square
- Ustyinsky proezd (sometimes included in the ring)
- Despite its name, the "ring" is not closed - it is limited from the south.
- Tverskoy Boulevard (857 m) is the longest among the ring boulevards.
- The widest (123 m) boulevard of the ring is Strastnoy Boulevard.
- The shortest is Sretensky Boulevard (214 m).
- The “youngest” on the Boulevard Ring is Pokrovsky Boulevard: until 1891, a spacious parade ground of Pokrovsky Barracks was located on its segment to Barracks Lane. The parade ground was finally liquidated only in 1954, after which the alley was transformed into a full-fledged boulevard.
- Gogolevsky Boulevard is a three-stage one - its passages and the actual boulevard located between them are located at different height levels. So, the inner passage, relative to the ring, is on the upper step, the boulevard itself is on the middle one, and the outer passage is on the lower one. Such a relief of the boulevard was formed due to the fact that the Chertory (Chertoroi) stream, which washed the outer slope of the rampart
The Boulevard Ring surrounds the center of old Moscow with a cozy necklace of park alleys and trees, where the boulevards connect with each other, forming a horseshoe-shaped green ribbon. There are ten boulevards in the Boulevard Ring, each of which has its own little history.
Gogol Boulevard
In 1775, the government issued a decree on the construction of a boulevard on the site of Kitai-Gorod between the beginning of Prechistinka Street and the Arbat Gates. Five years later, the wall was dismantled, but the Moscow rich and the nobility disposed of this picturesque territory at their own will and at their own behest and began to build courtyards.
A not very deep ravine with the Sivka River was filled up, and the channel of the Sivka was changed. Later, at the place where the ravine wound, Sivtsev Vrazhek Street appeared.
In 1909, a monument to Gogol was erected on the boulevard near the Arbat Gates. It was performed by the sculptor N. A. Andreev. In 1952, this monument was replaced with a new one - the work of the sculptor N.V. Tomsky. And the old one was transferred to a cozy courtyard on Nikitsky Boulevard.
Nikitsky boulevard
Located between the Arbat and Nikitsky gates. In 1790, clergymen, merchants, officials, nobility lived here, shops, barbers, taverns stood in the yards.
In the 20s of the 19th century, Pushkin's friend Colonel S. D. Kisilev lived here. In 1920, the Press House was opened in house 8a. In 1938 it was reorganized into the House of Journalists.
Tverskoy boulevard
By 1783, the idea of building a boulevard between the Nikitsky and Tver Gates was actively worked out, where the wall of the White City still stood. They did not begin to build up a section parallel to the wall, the wall was dismantled and birch trees were planted here. The boulevard turned out to be cheerful, but the birches, to the surprise of everyone, dried up, they were replaced with lindens.
Tverskoy Boulevard has become a fashionable place for walks, meetings, acquaintances. He was loved by A. S., Pushkin and M. Yu. Lermontov, L. N. Tolstoy and A. P. Chekhov, and other writers.
Strastnoy boulevard
From Pushkin Square to Peter's Gate Square there is Strastnoy Boulevard, which got its name from the Strastnoy Monastery. The Strastnoy Monastery was founded in the 17th century. the monastery stood until 1937, it was dismantled in connection with the reconstruction of Tverskaya Street.
Where the monastery was located is now a square and the Rossiya theater (formerly the Pushkinsky cinema until 2012). The memory of the monastery is preserved in the name of the nearby boulevard - Strastnaya.
Petrovsky Boulevard
The boulevard from Peter's Gate to Trubnaya Square was named Petrovsky after the monastery of the same name that overlooked it. The boulevard appeared at the end of the 19th - beginning of the 20th century, although this area has been known since the 14th century, when a monastery was founded on the high bank of the Neglinnaya River.
At the end of the 18th century, the construction of the boulevard began, alleys were laid here, birches were planted. In 1812, a fire burned down birch trees and many houses in the vicinity. In 1818 lindens were planted here.
Rozhdestvensky boulevard
Petrovsky Boulevard, rapidly descending from the Petrovsky Gates along the hill, ends at the pipe square. Behind the square, located in a saddle between two hills, begins, rising steeply, Rozhdestvensky Boulevard, which stretches to the Sretensky Gate.
This area has also been known for a long time: here in the 14th century the Rozhdestvensky maiden and Sretinsk monasteries were founded. The decree of Catherine the Great for 1775 on the construction of the boulevard was ignored by the locals: instead of the broken wall, courtyards began to appear here ordinary people and know.
The fire of 1850 burned down all the yards, the construction of the boulevard began, along which both stone and wooden buildings stood even in the middle of the 19th century, which was recorded in the plan of Moscow in 1850.
Sretensky boulevard
Once it connected the Sretensky and Myasnitsky Gates, now it reaches Sakharov Avenue.
This is the shortest boulevard, its length is only 214 meters. It originated in 1830.
Chistoprudny Boulevard
The boulevard connects Turgenevskaya Square and Pokrovsky Gate Square. Perhaps this is the busiest and most youthful of the boulevards in Moscow. And the most comfortable, thanks to the beloved by many Chistye Prudy.
This area has been known since the 16th century. Then there was the Animal Yard, a market where cattle were sold. In the neighborhood of Zhivotinny there were the courts of the Sovereigns of the Battle, where cattle were beaten for meat, and the Sovereigns of the Wash, where the merchants were charged a duty. Butchers lived near the Butcher's Gate, selling meat in their shops. It was unprofitable for them to pay money to the state for slaughtering livestock, they did it themselves, at their shops, and carried the garbage to neighboring ponds - the smell was unbearable, and the ponds were deservedly called Pogany.
In the meantime, A. D. Menshikov, who broke into the Russian political horizon, ripened here too. Equipping the land bought in these places, having built stone chambers, a church, he planted gardens and strictly ordered to clean up never to pollute the local ponds again. Which was done on time, and since then the ponds have received a different name - Clean.
At the beginning of Chistoprudny Boulevard there is a monument to A. S. Griboyedov, playwright, poet and diplomat, author of the brilliant comedy "Woe from Wit".
Pokrovsky boulevard
This boulevard starts from the Pokrovsky Gate and ends at the Vorontsov Field.
In the 17th century, immigrants from Ukraine and Muscovites from different classes lived here. In the 18th century, Moscow nobility began to settle in this place. The houses were built of wood, with extensive gardens. But the first stone buildings appeared only at the end of the century.
Yauzsky boulevard
The last link of the Boulevard Ring is located between Vorontsovo Pole Street and the Yauza Gates. From ancient times, the road to Kolomna, Ryazan and other Russian cities passed here.
In the 18th century, the area on both sides of the modern boulevard was inhabited by Moscow nobility, merchants, and clergymen. After the fire of 1812, which destroyed all wooden houses and buildings, luxurious gardens, this slope was no longer developed as quickly as other areas of the Mother See. Almost all plots were bought by merchants. In the 1820s, the wife of Privy Councilor M.A. Krakov sold the house that once belonged to Princess Shcherbatova to General N.Z. Khitrovo.
Khitrov market, the famous "Khitrovka", masterfully described by V. A. Gilyarovsky in the book "Moscow and Muscovites", soon formed on his land. Seasonal workers flocked here in the hope of finding work in Moscow. Flophouses, cheap taverns, and tea houses grew around Khitrovka. Only in 1923 Khitrov market was destroyed. A little later, a school was put in its place, the Electromechanical College was created.
And Yauzsky Boulevard itself was laid out in 1823. It ended at Petropavlovsky Lane, behind which stood stubbornly, preventing the boulevard from reaching the river, several courtyards, the owners of which ignored the tsar's decree.
The boulevards of Moscow are numerous and varied. The word boulevard in French and German means a fortified earthen rampart. Later, this word began to designate alleys surrounded by green spaces, which appeared on the site of city protective ramparts or along the sea coast, rivers intended for walking. The very first boulevards appeared in Paris, after the city grew and the authorities demolished the city walls that were on its territory.
The boulevards of Moscow, which form the Boulevard Ring, are a sequence of streets located in the Central Administrative District of the city. The Boulevard Ring consists of ten boulevards, stretching for a total of more than 9 kilometers. The boulevard ring of Moscow is not closed, but limited in the south by the Moskva River.
When Moscow grew significantly in the 18th century, the protective wall of the White City was dismantled, and where it passed, the first Moscow boulevards were laid. The very first in 1796 appeared Tverskoy Boulevard, and finally the ring was formed after 1812. In 1887, a horse-drawn tram was launched along the Boulevard Ring, which lasted until 1911, when it was replaced by a tram.
Throughout its existence, the Boulevard Ring has undergone various changes and improvements. By the 800th anniversary of Moscow in 1947, the mesh fence of the boulevards was replaced with a cast-iron barrier, more comfortable ones were installed instead of old benches, and more than 4 thousand trees and 13 thousand shrubs were planted. The project for the reconstruction of the Boulevard Ring was led by V.I. Dolganov. In 1878, the boulevard ring was officially declared a monument of landscape art.
The oldest boulevard in Moscow is Tverskoy, but it is also the longest of all the streets that make up the Boulevard Ring - it stretches for 857 meters. The widest of these boulevards is Strastnoy (123 meters), the shortest is Sretensky (214 meters), and the youngest is Pokrovsky Boulevard, which appeared in Moscow in 1891.
If you walk along these ancient boulevards of Moscow, you can see a lot of interesting things, such that during a regular sightseeing tour it will go unnoticed. An interesting fact is that in the old days, Tverskoy Boulevard was a favorite place for walking aristocrats, and people of the common class were forbidden to walk here. Until our time, on Tverskoy Boulevard in Moscow, mansions of the 19th century have been preserved, in which prominent personalities of a bygone era lived, Pushkin, Griboyedov, Herzen visited them. Ogarev, it was on this boulevard that literary institutions were located, following the example of which Bulgakov described MASSOLIT in the novel The Master and Margarita. Here are the mansions of Professor Sklifosovsky and actress Yermolova.
No less interesting is the history and architecture of another boulevard in Moscow - Gogolevsky. Initially, it was called Prechistensky, it starts from the Kropotkinskaya metro station and ends at the Gorky monument. On this street, too, almost every building is an architectural monument that keeps the memory of many famous figures of the past. For example, the building of the current Chess Club once housed the center of musical life in Moscow, where one could meet Chaliapin, Rachmaninov, Glazunov. Gogol Boulevard is called not only because of the monument to the writer, Nikolai Vasilievich lived and worked on this street in Moscow, burned the second volume here dead souls already prepared for printing. A great place to relax is Strastnoy Boulevard, bright and spacious, chosen by artists and photographers.
These are just the three most famous boulevards that are part of the Moscow Boulevard Ring, the other seven are no less interesting. During the 20th century, new boulevards appeared in Moscow, located outside the ring - there are more than twenty of them. Of course, they are less interesting for tourists, you can rarely see an interesting monument on them, but they also play an important and irreplaceable role in the life of today's Moscow, modern life is in full swing on them, children run along the alleys, adults are in a hurry to do business, pensioners are leisurely strolling.