What is the name of embroidery. Embroidery. Ready set for beginners

Embroidery is one of the most common and favorite activities of needlewomen of all ages. Among the variety of types of embroidery, it is cross stitch that has the greatest appeal and has not lost its popularity since its inception. This was partly due to the wide possibilities of this technique - cross-stitch patterns on clothes, tablecloths, pillows, napkins and other accessories and decor items, as well as create paintings and panels, while embroidery provides almost endless possibilities for embodying a variety of ideas - from simple pictures to paintings of world classics.

From the lesson you will learn:

We embroider a cross

Cross stitch is a method of embroidering a design on canvas using a needle and colored thread (floss) or other embroidery threads using the "cross stitch" technique. Cross-stitch is one of the countable types of needlework. The main element is the cross stitch, which consists of two intersecting oblique stitches. There are quite a lot of types of cross; in cross stitch, the technique of a full cross or half cross is usually used.

simple cross- represents two diagonal cross stitches. They start it, as a rule, from the right from the top diagonally to the left down, complete it - from the right from the bottom diagonally to the left up. An important feature of cross stitching is that all top stitches should lie flat and in one direction, lower - in the opposite direction.

Half cross- this is the first stitch when making a simple cross.

- a technique that is used less often, due to greater labor intensity. It is an alternation of simple crosses and small straight lines between them.

You can also distinguish other types of "cross": an elongated cross, an elongated cross with a line, a Slavic cross, a straight cross, alternating crosses, "Asterisk", Leviathan, Rice stitch, Italian cross.

Consider how to master cross stitch for beginners, where to start and what you need for this.

Cross stitch techniques

The cross stitch is the easiest stitch to learn. Even novice craftswomen will be able to perform simple cross-stitch, because it does not take much time and effort to master the technique. Cross stitch is easy to learn for kids too. For them, this is not only an exciting activity, but also a hobby that helps in the development of artistic taste and a sense of beauty, which brings up perseverance and the ability to concentrate.

You can make a cross in several ways:

1. Classic cross stitch technique - English method or "Back the needle"

The traditional way of embroidering a cross, also called English, is to sequentially perform each individual cross.

2. Danish way

The use of the Danish method implies the execution of all lower stitches in a row, from left to right horizontally, then, after completing the row, closing them with the upper stitches, following in reverse order.

3. Simple Diagonal

Procedure: Using this technique, embroider, making stitches first from the bottom up, remembering to alternate the bottom and top, and then in reverse order - from top to bottom.

3.1. Double diagonal (left to right)

To try this technique, take a close look at the diagram. The section to be embroidered is represented by a double chain of red squares.

Procedure: start embroidering from the bottom with two single stitches in parallel squares. When you finish the side, go back down, closing the stitches and making crosses.

The step-by-step diagram is shown in the figure:

The technique of embroidery diagonally from right to left is very different from the same, but from left to right, despite the apparent similarity. If you have already mastered the double diagonal from left to right, then be careful when performing this technique.

Procedure: Start embroidering from the bottom, moving gradually up. Diagonal stitches must be completed by completing the cross, only in the outer row. When you reach the end, go back, completing crosses in the inner row from diagonal stitches.

The step-by-step diagram is shown in the figure:

Procedure: Begin to embroider from the top, making diagonal stitches down. Having done everything, continue moving up, completing the crosses with the top stitches.

The step-by-step diagram is shown in the figure:

Procedure: Start embroidering from the longest row. Sew diagonal stitches. After moving on to a row with fewer stitches and completing it, do not embroider the entire subsequent row with a large number of stitches at once. After completing the piece, complete the diagonal stitches in rows with a large number of filled "cells" of the canvas, going up. Next, complete the crosses, as indicated in the diagram.

Step by step diagram:

6. Tapestry (half-cross)

Separately, it is worth mentioning the "Tapestry" technique. Many people love this technique because it saves time on its implementation.

The tapestry stitch is a half-cross, which is done from left to bottom to right up. When embroidering a row from right to left, the direction of the stitch is changed - from right from top to left down. The stitches run strictly parallel to each other. The thread during the work should not be tightened.

An important feature of the "Tapestry" technique is the execution of stitches - they should all be directed in one direction, while the canvas should be tightly stretched on the hoop, but not overtightened to a skew. If the fabric is not stretched when embroidering, then after completion of work it will be difficult to align the finished pattern.

We fix the thread

There are no knots in perfectly executed work. How to achieve this?

Beginning of embroidery

At the beginning of work on embroidery, it is necessary to fasten the thread. This can be done as follows using the “Loop” methods: a piece of floss thread must be folded in half in the middle and the resulting loop should be inserted into the eye of the needle. Insert the needle into the corner of the “cell” of the canvas so that the needle comes out on the front side, and the loop that we made in the previous step remains on the inside. Having made a small indent, bring the needle to the wrong side, thread it through the loop and tighten the knot. Next, we begin to embroider.

If you still have questions about fixing the thread, then in the video you can see in detail how the “Loop” method is performed.

Continuation of work

Another common type of work with a thread is the attachment of a new thread. This technique may be needed in cases where it is necessary to change the color of the thread or the working thread has run out. To neatly attach the new thread, carefully pull it under a few stitches from the back of the picture to the place where you will start working with it. Make a back stitch in this place and continue embroidering.

Finishing the embroidery

To complete the embroidery, secure the thread using the "back of the needle" technique. This can be done in a similar way to attaching a thread. The remaining tail, about 5 centimeters long, pass through the next few stitches from the wrong side. Secure it with a back stitch. Ready.

Selection and work with floss

Traditionally, cross-stitching uses special threads called floss.

Mouline thread - a yarn obtained in a factory way, less often by hand-dressing, produced specifically for embroidery, as well as other types of needlework.

For your work, you can choose any thread, even ordinary sewing thread (it is better to use only for simple paintings), however, as a rule, it is better to choose from cotton or silk floss. In some cases, fine wool yarn will do.

Muline comes in a variety of colors and shades. Modern productions do not limit themselves, trying to please even the most sophisticated craftswomen, and provide customers with a wide range of colors - from classic shades to the rarest ones.

Needles

Needles for embroidery do not require special parameters - any will do. Just remember a few nuances that will help you simplify the needlework process and make beautiful and neat embroidery.

1. Pay attention to the shape and size of the eye of the needle. The thread should be easily inserted into it, but the canvas should not be deformed when it passes through it.

2. If you have a coarse weave, take a medium-thick needle with a blunt tip.

3. The thickness of the needle depends on the density of the canvas: the denser it is, the thinner the needle.

Canvas

Canvas- This is the basis for embroidery. It is a specially designed canvas, marked with cells, which are a place for embroidering a cross with threads. Canvas is made from various materials - cotton, linen, a mixture of materials, plastic.

In embroidery kits, you can find a canvas on which a pattern has already been applied. In the process of needlework, it is filled with embroidered crosses. This technique is called "printed cross". If the canvas is without a pattern, then the “counted cross” technique is used, i.e. you yourself will have to count the number of crosses.

If you choose the canvas yourself, then you should pay attention to its dimension. Dimension is a value from English traditions and means the number of crosses per inch of the canvas. The dimension of the canvas can be recognized by its marking (the number assigned to the canvas).

Popular sizes are:

1. Canvas #14(55 cells per 10 cm) - suitable for beginner embroiderers. It is quite large, so it is easy to embroider on it so that there is no need to use a magnifying glass or glasses. It can even be embroidered with two-fold threads, for better filling of the canvas. Embroidery on such a canvas turns out to be neat, but be prepared that the picture may turn out a little larger than on a canvas of a different dimension.
2. Canvas #16(60 cells per 10 cm) suitable for experienced embroiderers. The size of the crosses on it will be smaller, so the picture itself is slightly smaller than on canvas No. 14, and the crosses will be denser. Here it is also recommended to embroider in two threads.
3. Canvas #18- very small (72 cells per 10 cm). To work with it, you will need special tools (for example, a magnifying glass). You can embroider either with two threads or with one thread - depending on the desired embroidery density. This canvas is ideal for creating paintings that are highly realistic.

You can also find canvas No. 8 in stores - used for training (you can embroider with a cross, semi-cross), No. 11 - used for simple patterns, as well as for embroidering tablecloths, napkins, etc., No. 20 - the smallest, used for embroidery with tapestry stitch or to add elegance to ordinary embroidery.

Canvas for cross-stitch is of several types - Aida (AIDA) And Hardanger. These are the most popular among needlewomen.

Canvas Aida is most convenient for counting cross stitch, as the crosses are even and neat without much difficulty. It consists of 100% cotton, and the canvas is a warp of 4x4 threads that form clear squares. It can be of the following dimensions: 8, 11, 14, 16, 18, 20.

Canvas Hardanger is a linen fabric with a uniform weave, so the embroiderer herself determines the size of the crosses. Most often, tapestry is embroidered on it, but cross-stitch or satin stitch embroidery is also possible. It is used only by experienced embroiderers, so for beginner needlewomen it is recommended to take Aida canvas.

An important point in working with canvas is the shrinkage of cotton canvas after washing. It happens along the shared line, so you need the correct cutting of the canvas so that the embroidered picture remains symmetrical, and does not stretch out in height. This is most relevant for paintings on the entire working surface; for paintings with an empty background, such deformation will be less noticeable.

Hoop

Hoop - a device for fixing and stretching the canvas. There are different diameters and from different materials.

1. A plastic round hoop is a convenient and inexpensive option for beginners. Lightweight, wide range of diameters, but fragile. They can also deform the canvas if it is too “loose”.
2. Wooden hoop - can be not only of different diameters, but also shapes (round, square, rectangular). Lightweight, comfortable, versatile, canvas does not slip out of them, like plastic ones. The main advantage is that the outer ring is open, its diameter is adjusted by a screw, so the canvas does not deform when fastened. If you have a wooden hoop, then you can work with fabric of any thickness.
3. The hoop-frame is a hoop and a frame in one. First, you stretch the canvas for embroidery, and then hang it on the wall in it. Universal, a wide variety of shapes and sizes, stretch the canvas well without deforming it.
4. The chair hoop is an option for those who are seriously interested in embroidery. Thanks to the leg with a "foot" they are attached to the chair, which allows you to work with two hands. In addition to the fact that the process will go faster, your arms, back and neck will not get tired, since you will not need to hold the embroidery.

There are other types of hoops, but they are for professionals and are more expensive, for beginners, the listed options will be enough.

The size of the hoop is very important: the larger the hoop, the less fastening of the canvas will be required to embroider fragments of the picture, thus there is less chance of damaging the canvas. Otherwise, choose according to taste and budget.

Choosing a ready-made kit for embroidery

So, now you have all the necessary knowledge and tools to start embroidery. It remains only to determine with a picture for embroidery. Manufacturers offer a wide range of ready-made patterns and cross-stitch kits, and the variety of ideas for paintings will inspire even the most fastidious needlewoman. Since you are just a beginner craftswoman, then not just patterns are best for you, but ready-made cross-stitch kits. They have everything you need for needlework, so you do not have to choose a canvas and floss for a future picture, and the diagram is equipped with useful marks, thanks to which you will immediately find the threads of the desired color in the set. All you have to do is choose an embroidery hoop and stock up on patience and enthusiasm.

So that the first work with embroidery does not become the last, you need to carefully approach the choice of a ready-made embroidery kit, otherwise you risk losing interest in creativity due to the complexity of the chosen embroidery.

How to choose the first cross stitch kit? These tips will be helpful for beginners:

1. What painting size should I choose?

Do not take large paintings with complex patterns. Yes, they are so beautiful that you will certainly want to embroider them all and hang them proudly on the wall. And you will definitely have such pictures, but it is better to start with something simple in order to understand how to work with embroidery. The best option would be a drawing 25x25 cm: this way you will practice, have time to feel the taste for needlework, and the resulting picture will decorate your room.

2. Which pattern to choose?

For beginners, paintings with a lot of small details are not suitable. In addition, it greatly delays the process. It is better to take a picture with large details: ornaments and “plot” drawings (houses, toys, ships) are embroidered rather quickly.

For example, you can try this scheme:

If you liked several sets, see which color scheme you like best, which threads will be more pleasant to work with. Also take a look at the diagram in the kit. Patterns for embroidery are available in color and black and white. It's a matter of taste here: some people like to immediately see the color on the diagram, while others think that black and white does not distract attention with a riot of colors, and the marks on it are more clearly expressed.

3. What kind of canvas should be in the set?

The sets may include a different canvas. Pay attention to the labeling. The canvas number is assigned depending on the size and density of the crosses. Canvas #14 is ideal for beginners. If there is canvas #16 in the set, then the crosses will be smaller and denser, so it will be more difficult for you to embroider. Canvas #18 is the hardest, you might even need a magnifying glass here.

4. What should be the first cross stitch kit?

First of all, you have to like it! Then embroidery will go easier, and needlework will be a joy.

Workplace preparation

The main requirement for the workplace is that you should be comfortable. Since it will take more than one hour to embroider, the place should be convenient. An easy chair is best.

The next requirement is lighting. You will be working with fine details, so the place should be well lit so that you do not have to "break your eyes" in the semi-darkness. It is most convenient for the light to fall from the left side for right-handers and from the right side for left-handers. If you work in the evenings, then in addition to the chandelier, it is advisable to turn on a table lamp.

It is advisable to place the cross stitch pattern closer to the light source. Everything else is random.

Everything, you can start needlework!

Getting started with cross stitching

If you bought the canvas separately, then before starting work, you need to process the edges - overcast or coat with a special transparent varnish or glue.

To make it easier to work with the canvas, you need to mark it up. To do this, fold the canvas in half twice and iron the folding points. Next, with a pencil or washable marker, mark the canvas into 10x10 cm squares.

Remember to leave at least 5 cm of free canvas for allowances. This is necessary for better stretching of the embroidery on the substrate. If your work is supposed to have an empty background, then remember how much you want to leave an indent from the picture to the frame or mat.

Hoop the canvas in the hoop so that the canvas lays flat, without distortions. Do not overtighten the canvas - this way you can deform it, and the canvas or embroidery will be damaged.

Choose the cross stitch technique that suits you and enjoy the process.

Completion of embroidery and registration of the finished work

After the embroidered picture is ready, it needs to be put in order and framed.

To remove a washable marker from the canvas, and also if your work gets a little dirty during preparation, soak it in warm soapy water and then rinse it, but in no case rub or wring it out. Dry the work in an upright position. After that, iron with a steam iron from the wrong side through a clean white cloth. Place another white cloth or sheet on the board before ironing to avoid accidental staining.

The finished picture can be framed for photos or you can buy a special baguette.

Embroidery preserves not only the traditions and culture of past times, but also conveys to contemporaries the tastes and artistic preferences of mothers, grandmothers or anonymous craftswomen.

It cannot be said that the passion for embroidery is the lot of young ladies and peasant women who spent long empty hours behind a piece of canvas. This type of needlework lives, changes and continues to delight needlewomen of all ages and occupations. Almost all types of embroidery are drawing with a needle. They provide as many opportunities for self-expression as painting. Just as an artist chooses the necessary techniques and means, so an embroiderer looks for the technique that best suits her character and taste.

Counting cross - the leader of the genre

Probably the simplest and most popular type of decorative embroidery. You can master it literally in the evening. If you like the technique, in a day or two you will have a small drawing made with colored threads. One main rule - all crosses must be made in the same direction.
This type of embroidery appeared along with weaving. The homespun fabric was rough and monochromatic, and bright patterns were asked for it: birds, flowers, ornaments.

Crosses can be made with cotton, silk or woolen threads. Now there is an opportunity to purchase a floss metallic or glowing in the dark. You can embroider even the sun, even the stars. Ordinary cute flowers and funny animals, of course, too. Flowers are more effective from cotton or silk crosses, and it is better to sew animals with wool - this is how they turn out fluffy.

For always takes as a basis the scheme - a drawing broken into small cells. You can buy it, or you can make it yourself (using special computer programs) from any picture or photo you like. The work is done on a special uniform fabric () or on inserts from it. Canvas comes in different colors and sizes of base cells, the choice is huge. Usually a plot embroidered with a cross is sewn to the main canvas, if it is destined for the fate of not a picture, but a practical object.

Ribbon embroidery - new from the forgotten old

The embroidery technique is also very ancient, but now it is experiencing a new upsurge. She was so well forgotten that she became fashionable again. Popularity is due not so much to a surge of interest in bouquets of satin flowers, but to the grandiose possibilities in the choice of materials, manuals and schemes.

Now craftswomen can afford to choose a wide variety of ribbons for work. They can be of any width, dense satin or translucent organza.
The most popular subject for - flowers. They turn out just like alive, absolutely recognizable and very tender.

Many sets appeared on sale and it is easy to master it on your own. Beginners can start with . It is convenient that you can decorate any item of clothing with silk roses or snowdrops, the craftswoman is free to choose the base.

Surface - painting with threads

The most spectacular embroidery technique, with a long and rich history. It requires a lot of patience and training, but the result is simply extraordinary. A huge plus is the ability to decorate any textile item with an elegant pattern, the material practically does not limit the needlewoman.

For the smooth surface, the scheme is not needed either, but a contour drawing is needed. It is the parts of this pattern that the embroiderer fills in with colored threads. This should be done carefully and in compliance with the picturesque principles of mixing colors and their smooth transitions, color-shadows. Several types of seams are used in the surface, the embroiderer must know everything and skillfully use them.

Professionally executed stitch embroidery is a real miracle. A voluminous, neat pattern, with tints of color, appears on the fabric and seems like an illustration from a beautiful book.

Assisi is from Italy

One of the oldest varieties of embroidery, combining crosses and a holbein stitch, got its name from the "namesake" - the Italian town where it appeared. The technique involves the use of threads of the same color in the work, while counting stitches (regular or elongated crosses) sew not the image, but the background.

For almost a thousand years, craftswomen have been working in this incredibly stylish and refined technique, but even now it is often found. It is easy to master, working with one color also speeds up the process, so beginners may well be advised to take on the development of assisi and expect quick success.

Richelieu, but not a cardinal

One of the varieties of smooth, almost always - one-color. The pattern is applied to the fabric and each element is sheathed with even, identical stitches, as in satin stitch embroidery. Richelieu involves cutting and piercing the fabric, followed by careful processing of the edges. The finished product is like lace, very openwork and looks unusually elegant.

Richelieu embroidery is a rather laborious process, but someone may have done a small ornament even at labor lessons at school. This is quite within the power of a needlewoman without experience, does not require any special fabric or thread. Any cotton or linen fabric and matching threads will do.
For cutwork, special schemes are used, drawings that need to be transferred to the fabric. It can also be drawn by hand, the main thing is to make the lines even and correctly distribute the "holes" sections.

Luxurious beadwork

The technique is very old. The first types in ancient times were made with freshwater pearls, glass beads were not yet learned to be made. This technique is similar to a cross, the work is also carried out according to the scheme, where each colored square corresponds to a bead of a certain shade. Gradually, bead by bead, a whole pattern is formed. Beads should be sewn to the base with very strong threads of the same tone as the fabric. Cross stitch patterns can be used for beadwork and vice versa.

The finished work is a truly magical picture, softly shimmering in different colors.
The ability to choose a wide variety of beads for work opens up inexhaustible possibilities for creating outlandish flowers and birds. Any of them will make a cosmetic bag or an evening bag an expensive masterpiece. And you can also embroider just fabulous decorations. Bracelets, headbands, brooches, decorated by you, will decorate you unusually.

Brazilian embroidery

One of the exotic "representatives" is Brazilian embroidery. A technique for creating three-dimensional elements of a pattern, performed with artificial silk threads. Features of the threads (their crowding) allow you to “weave” real lace-petals with a needle.

A lot of seams are used by the craftswomen of this school, and in the finished product, flowers, leaves and birds look simply fabulous and weightless. Finished ornaments look like an appliqué made from thinly crocheted elements. This technique is chosen by energetic people who like a carnival of bright colors.

Royal golden embroidery

Gold embroidery dates back to the eleventh century. As a type of manual labor, it developed in monasteries. The thinnest threads of pure gold were not sewn into the fabric, but decorated it by attaching metal wires with other threads, matching or contrasting. The technique is very complex, the material is incredibly brittle and “capricious”, therefore, the qualifications of gold embroiderers have always had the highest requirements.

Now this type of decorative embroidery continues to exist, metallic threads have made it more accessible, but no less laborious. Embroidery with gold or silver threads is very good on dark velvet and wool.

Affordable soutache embroidery

This is a type of embroidery in which an appliqué is made from a decorative cord - soutache - on a base fabric. The cord has a convenient groove in the middle, which makes it easy to stitch it and sew it in the forehead position. Essentially similar to gold embroidery, but much easier to perform and the finished work does not require any care when handling it.

Very popular decoration of summer clothes, manufacturing in.
The choice of soutache cord is very large, you can use contrasting colors or completely repeat the shade of the base - in both cases, the thing turns out to be unusually spectacular.

Khandarger - originally from the north

This type of decorative sewing comes from the Arab countries, but gradually reached the northern countries, settled in Norway and gained great popularity there in the manufacture of the national costume.

This style of embroidery combines cross-stitch and satin stitch in an amazing way. That's what it's called - counting surface. The work is done on a fabric of uniform weave and the stitches are necessarily considered, the pattern is geometrically correct. A little khandarger is similar to our hemstitch, it also uses a lot of openwork elements, but not along the edge, but in the center.

The openwork handarger looks great in combination with cross-stitched elements.
Works embroidered in this style will perfectly complement the rustic style, they are perfectly combined with folk motifs.

Diamond embroidery - pattern without a needle

A very close technique to cross-stitch, but in fact it is a mosaic. On an adhesive base, you need to lay out rows of colored rhinestones. It does not require any experience or training. The only thing is that it is better to start with a small set in order to evaluate your strengths and the technique itself.

Schemes for are produced in a wide variety, almost any pattern can be made in this fashionable technique. Agree that a little glitter will brighten up any drawing, especially something magical or romantic. The finished mosaic is best varnished or placed under glass.

Where to start: briefing before the start

All types of hand embroidery are easily recognizable and have their own individual face, but there are general rules for working in any technique:

1. - necessarily, a special needle - very desirable.
2. Anyone can embroider a small plot, so it’s better to start acquaintance with it.
3. A ready-made set in the chosen technique is a direct path to success.
4. High-quality embroidery can only be done in excellent lighting.
5. Get to work if you have at least 15 minutes of free time.

Different embroidery techniques allow you to create real paintings, many of them can be safely called works of art. The type of needlework chosen to your liking will decorate your life in the literal and figurative sense: many elegant things will appear around and every day will become brighter and more interesting.

Today it is the turn to study the means of artistic representation in embroidery - various seams. Be patient, read the article to the end, you will find motivation and inspiration!

I will say right away that with such an incredible variety of stitches and techniques in embroidery, we will consider only the most important and interesting, in my opinion, my favorite ways of embroidery.

Cross. I'll start with the simplest, but at the same time the most significant element and method of embroidery. We have already talked about its connection with the rituals and beliefs of the ancient Russians in the first part of our conversation about embroidery. The cross was considered a protection from dark forces and any evil. It is still being used for the same purpose. The cross is concise and beautiful, but its most magical and incredible property for me is that thanks to a small prickly hedgehog, pictures are obtained. It's all about the size and number of these "hedgehogs", of course. The crosses are like pixels: the more of them, the clearer and more realistic the image.

The thread consumption will be less, the work will move much faster, the embroidery will look neater if you first embroider the lower diagonals of all the crosses (for example: from right to left from bottom to top). And then you will finish the crosses with a perpendicular crossbar (for example: from left to right from bottom to top). Note! The figure shows a way to save time: it is not necessary to pull the needle under the hoop, and then return it to the front of the embroidery again. You can make a stitch with one movement and immediately be in the right place! 🙂 Here's a little trick.

When they talk about cross stitch, it immediately seems simple cross or "Russian cross", but there are many more types of cross-stitch.

I will dwell briefly on the complex (double) cross and on the counting surface.

double cross or "Bulgarian cross" is a bit like a snowflake and consists of two crosses superimposed on each other with a shift.

Also applies to cross stitch. counting surface. Let me remind you that this smooth surface is called “countable” because the length of the stitch is determined by a counted number of warp threads (canvas).

Now it would be logical to get acquainted with the namesake counting surface - with uncountable smooth surface. In Rus', it was called The surface of the finished embroidery is even and smooth like satin. The satin fabric differs from the counting surface in that the length and direction of its stitch are determined only by the contour of a particular embroidery detail.

For it is important to prepare a "flooring" - it's like a skeleton for musculoskeletal tissue, like a foundation for a future home. The flooring can be the outline of an embroidery detail (leaf, petal, etc.) “outlined” with a tambour or other stitch (we will consider the tambour stitch later).

If the embroidery detail is large, then flooring (as I call it) is needed over its entire area, which is often done with threads to match the background. The flooring stitches can be quite sparse, they should not cover the entire area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe part, but it is important that they are perpendicular to the future main satin embroidery. Such a “foundation” will support the upper embroidery, make it voluminous, give it a neat and even look. The front (top) stitches of the smooth surface itself will not fail or sag. Also pay attention to the tension of the thread while embroidering, so that the stitches fit snugly, but at the same time do not pull the fabric.

For extra volume, the item can be embroidered with satin stitch in two layers, the stitches of which will be perpendicular to each other.

The next number of our program will be the "chain" or "tambour" seam - this is a continuous chain of loops coming out of one another. The loops can be small or large, depending on the thickness of the thread and the length of the stitch being performed. With a tambour chain, various patterns are embroidered along a free contour or they cover the entire plane of the motif in rows. This seam also has its variations and complications.

"A loop with an attachment" can be considered a kind of chain stitch, or rather a separate element of it.

And now on our stage "French knot" - the cutest pictorial tool in embroidery! With it, you can easily give the work volume and charm. You can see for yourself what different images you can create with the help of this small, but remote knot. 🙂

Meanwhile, it is done very simply: the needle is wrapped around two circles of thread, stuck into the fabric next to the exit of the end of the thread from the fabric and pulled through these loops. The knot is ready!

The next seam is rococo. M this name does not resemble a chicken. 🙂 And if the “French knot” is a chicken, then Rococo is its mother, because Rococo is a complicated interpretation of the French knot, in my opinion. For Rococo, the needle needs to be stuck at a distance from the exit of the thread from the fabric, and when the end of the needle appears next to the thread emerging from the canvas, it needs to be wound a little more loops of thread than for the knot. After you pull the needle and thread through the loops, you will get a "caterpillar" or "smile", as you like. We lay it, as required by the idea and composition of the embroidery, and fix it by sticking a needle into the fabric in the right place. Pay attention to the fact that the thread should be completely covered with loops: the “caterpillar” should turn out to be dense. To do this, the number of turns of the thread around the needle must correspond to the distance between the exit of the thread from the fabric and the subsequent entry of the needle into the fabric. You can tighten and tighten the loops on the thread a little, but not to infinity.

Rococo is most often used for embroidery of flowers and leaves.

And now... my favorite . When my mother taught “workshops” (labor) at a pedagogical school, she mastered this type of needlework of her own free will, although she already possessed and still possesses an impressive set of creative skills. In the evenings, I watched with rapture how my mother conjures over the hoop and does miracles with threads ...

In my opinion, the most unpleasant thing about hemstitching is the boring and rather time-consuming process of pulling the threads out of the fabric (pulling) in order to create a “bridgehead”: for further creativity. And then you need to arm yourself with some kind of optics and provide good lighting (as with any type of needlework). If you have patience, then a masterpiece is guaranteed to you! Merezhka is the spirit of folk embroidery! It is incredibly beautiful, original and tender! See for yourself:

There are different stitches. There are types of hemstitching designed to work with “paths” (as I call holey striped spaces on the fabric for myself). And there are types of hems suitable for decorating and processing the corners of the future pattern.

To avoid disappointment, you need to start with a "short race" - with a simple type of hemstitch and a short "track". When a positive result inspires you, you can take on more difficult options for this through embroidery. Go for it!

In my opinion, hemstitch is the sister of weaving and a relative of macrame.

I bow before the beauty and nobility of another type of embroidery. Meet! Magnificent in person. As well as hemstitch, this method of embroidery is borderline with other types of needlework. Richelieu is very similar to lace. Also, cutwork is close to knitting and macrame, because it contains “hinged” (as I call them) elements over fabric fragments that will subsequently be cut out. These thread-woven constrictions, similar to rope bridges over an abyss, like Atlanteans, hold the entire composition and the central fragments of openwork, through embroidery.

The next seam that we will consider - stalked. With your permission, I will end there. But don't be in a hurry to leave. 🙂 At the end of this article, the most interesting awaits you!

This was our last "exhibit" for today. But please, read the post to the end.

If you have been admiring the products of the masters all this time, admiring the pictures and photographs, and sadly thought that you could not create such masterpieces ... I will give you reasons that can inspire you.

1. In China, there is a woman who was born without arms in the truest sense of the word. The most amazing thing is that she is a talented embroiderer!

Agree that after this, talking about yourself full and healthy: “armless” or “hands growing out of the wrong place” is simply a sin!

2. The modern world offers so many different devices to help, which facilitate the process of creativity and help to get one sheer pleasure from embroidery.

Convenient lamps with magnifying glasses are at your disposal to preserve your eyesight. Hoops of various sizes, shapes and models, entire installations for fixing fabrics during embroidery have been designed.

3. We have much more opportunities, time and energy for creativity for pleasure than our great-great-grandmothers, who had subsistence farming with domestic animals and birds, a garden, as a rule, large families and hard physical labor in the field.

4. You can not only enjoy the creative process, but also use the result (the product of your activity). It can be a wonderful gift for family and friends, a talisman for your home, a decoration for yourself. Someone also receives material rewards for their hobby, like the masters of the Fair, for example.

5. And finally, the most important thing, in my opinion! Creativity gives a modern woman the opportunity to feel like a little fairy, a kind sorceress, a creator of comfort and a good atmosphere in the house. Embroidery or other kind of creativity can make you an even more “kind and happy” woman, wife, mother, sister, girlfriend… Any needlework is many times more useful for peace of mind and health in general than watching TV shows or gossip with neighbors. Creativity helps to relieve stress, find inner harmony and peace.

Therefore, be creative and be happy, dear sorceresses!

Surely in the wardrobe of every woman and girl there are things that they wore only a couple of times, or maybe they didn’t wear at all.

Over time, skirts, blouses and other clothes became outdated and out of fashion. How to give them a second life? There are many ways to make something brand new out of an old thing. And one of them are different types of embroidery.

Its most famous and popular types are cross-stitch and satin stitch. Let's find out more about them.

Types of cross stitch

Cross stitching is the easiest and most common way. It has several varieties.

A simple cross - is embroidered from right to left, starting at the top and ending at the bottom diagonally. In this case, all stitches must be done in the same direction.

An elongated cross - the technology is the same as in a simple cross. Only here the stitch occupies more than one cell on the canvas.

Rice stitch - large crosses are embroidered on the entire surface of the canvas, each with four threads. Then the stitches themselves are embroidered. They must pass through the four points of the great cross. This is how new crosses are obtained.

Straight cross - we embroider horizontal and vertical stitches.

The "Slavic" cross is the same as the elongated one, only with an inclination and crosses.

Types of satin stitch embroidery

Satin stitch is a technique for embroidering with dense stitches. It is double-sided and one-sided.

Double-sided stitch - the embroidered pattern is the same both on the front and on the wrong side.

One-sided smooth surface - the wrong side is radically different from the front side.

Embroidery with decorative stitch is mainly used for embroidery of flowers, leaves, etc. Petals are embroidered from the edge to the center, and leaves are embroidered towards the middle, as the veins are located.

When embroidering the upper side, the front side is embroidered with dense stitches, and the wrong side is obtained in the form of dotted lines.

Beads, ribbons, gold or silver threads can be used for embroidery.

Looks very nice. Beads convey everything and shades. The drawings seem to come alive in the hands. For embroidery with beads, a thin fishing line is used, but you can also embroider with a regular thread. The main thing is that the beads are the same size, and the needle can easily pass through the holes of the beads.

Gimp embroidery - exclusively gold or silver threads are used for this technique. They can be replaced with Lurex or plastic-based threads.

The gimp itself is attached to the fabric with a thread in one of three possible ways. It can be fastened like beads by threading through small pieces of gimp. You can stretch the gimp and thread a thread through it, and then attach it to the fabric in several more places. The rigid gimp needs to be stretched and sewn to the fabric with small stitches, but the thread through it is no longer required.

Ribbon embroidery is the easiest technique of all types of embroidery. It does not require particularly scrupulous execution and provides an opportunity to embody the flight of your imagination in needlework.

The article lists only the most famous types of embroidery. But her techniques continue to develop and improve. You can learn more about the types of embroidery in the special literature for needlewomen.

The traditions and culture of the people pass through the centuries on embroidered canvases. Embroidery is a fascinating activity that does not lose popularity even today. Embroidery, like love, is submissive to all ages. From young to old, they are addicted to the process, the result of which is amazing and pleases with incredible beauty. Embroidery is equivalent to painting - the possibilities of self-expression are not limited. And in modern terms, it is also a relaxing anti-stress activity. Perseverance and concentration will seem burdensome to many, but it is worth making the first stitches, and thoughts change dramatically.

But few people know how many embroideries and techniques there are, about their richness and diversity:

• cross;
• tapes;
• smooth surface;
• Italian Assisi;
• richelieu;
• beads;
• in Brazilian;
• golden royal embroidery;
• soutache;
• handarger;
• diamond.

Consider all types of embroidery in more detail.

Cross

Cross-stitch is one of the oldest techniques that appeared at the time of the birth of weaving. The rough fabric was one-colored, and the cross-stitching made it more pleasing to the eye.

This technique is simple and understandable. One evening is enough to learn how to embroider crosses. One caveat - it is important to sew stitches in one direction. The process is simple, but you will have to use the scheme and keep score. In the diagrams, the picture is divided into squares (pixels). Schemes are bought and created independently on a PC. The canvas for work can be of different colors, and the size of the cells is different (that is, as a result, the crosses will be large, or very small - this is affected by the selected canvas). As for the threads, you can take cotton, silk or wool. To give special highlights and mother-of-pearl in the picture, you can take a floss with lurex.

Ribbons

The technique of embroidery with ribbons is at the peak of popularity today. But it would be wrong to call it new - it has been known since antiquity, just the limited materials have led this type of embroidery to temporary oblivion. But modern needlewomen have revived this art. For embroidery, choose ribbons of various thicknesses from satin, silk or delicate organza. The plots are mostly floral. Flowers on canvases with ribbon embroidery seem to be alive. This technique looks unique on clothes.

expanse

Beautiful, effective, and, by right, the most picturesque embroidery is smooth surface. The needlewoman needs extraordinary experience to create a masterpiece. A voluminous pattern shimmering in different colors will decorate any textile. A scheme for this type of needlework is not needed. The contour drawing is applied to the working canvas, and its voids are filled with threads. Accuracy, a sense of color combinations and mastery of different types of seams are the most important tasks for the master.

Italian assisi

Holbein stitch in combination with a cross is an Assisi technique that appeared in the Italian town of the same name. The work is done with threads of the same color with counting crosses (elongated or regular). The main difference between this technique is that it is not the drawing that is sewn up, but its background. This stylish and sophisticated technique has not lost popularity among modern needlewomen, thanks to its simplicity. In addition, working with a thread of the same color speeds up the painstaking process of creating a masterpiece.

Richelieu

The Richelieu technique is based on satin stitch embroidery. A distinctive feature - only one color is used. Complexity - punctures and cutting of the fabric according to the pattern, and further accurate processing of the edges. The result of such work is very similar to lace - openwork, light and elegant.

Richelieu - the process is not complicated, but laborious. To begin with, the selected special scheme or pattern is transferred to the fabric (the lines must be even, and the future cuts should be correctly distributed - keep this in mind if you want to draw the pattern yourself). Further, each element is embroidered with stitches using the satin stitch technique. The final stage is cutting holes and processing the edges. Accuracy and confidence in movements are the key to an impeccable result.

Clothes decorated with elements embroidered using the richelieu technique look flawless.

Beads

River pearls today have passed into the category of archaisms. Instead, needlewomen of our time have chosen glass beads - beads. Beaded paintings are unique, magical canvases that will not leave anyone indifferent. The essence of the technique is to sew beads of a certain color to the canvas. Randomness is inappropriate here, and therefore you will have to use patterns that are no different from patterns for cross-stitching. Bead by bead, square by square - and soon you will get an incredibly beautiful result. Handmade beading of handbags, wallets, belts looks flawless and expensive. By the way, it is better to choose threads that are strong and match the fabric.

brazilian

Brazil is famous not only for the carnival. In the vastness of this country, the most exotic type of embroidery was born. The result of using the Brazilian embroidery technique is a three-dimensional pattern of elements. Each is created from special twisted threads with a needle. Sometimes it seems that this is not embroidery at all, but an ornament crocheted with the thinnest hook. The interweaving of threads of artificial silk gives out intricate lace petals.

Golden royal embroidery

The name speaks for itself. And if today needlewomen very carefully and scrupulously work with metallic threads, then craftswomen in the eleventh century had to work with the thinnest and very fragile metal threads. Monastery embroiderers decorated velvet and woolen fabrics with magnificent gold patterns. Note that they had to work with pure gold. The fabric was not sewn with golden threads. With the help of other threads, thin metal wires were sewn onto the fabric, creating intricate patterns. There is no need to talk about high requirements for craftswomen.

Soutache

The principle of this embroidery is similar to gold embroidery. But the process is simplified by the fact that the decorative cord used in the technique is more pliable in work. In addition, in the middle of such a cord there is a special groove through which it is sewn onto the canvas. The finished work is practical, does not require special care conditions. Due to this, soutache embroidery is popular in decorating clothes.

Khandarger

It turns out that the ornaments of Norwegian national costumes are called such an outlandish word. The technique comes from the Arab countries, but gained particular popularity in the northern countries. Canvases in the handarger technique combine smoothness and a cross. A geometrically correct pattern is obtained from uniform weaves and counted stitches. Outwardly, the handarger is similar to the hemstitch, only the openwork elements are used here in the center, and not along the edges of the product.

Diamond

This technique can be safely called a mosaic. After all, the main thing is that a needle is not used here. Elements (colored rhinestones) are laid out on an adhesive base. The principle is similar to cross-stitch or beadwork. It is better to varnish the finished canvas or hide it under glass. Such a mosaic is rather a decorative element that does not carry the possibility of practical use.

Basic rules for starting any embroidery

We figured out the techniques - with the naked eye you can see their similarities and cardinal differences.

But all techniques, without exception, have general rules:

• hoops - without them it is difficult to hold the fabric correctly, not to lose tension (or, conversely, to tighten the thread too much);
• embroidery needle;
• threads for embroidery;
• for beginner needlewomen, it is better to opt for a small plot;
• buy a ready-made kit - it is easier to learn the basics with it;
• excellent lighting (otherwise you risk being left not only without a masterpiece, but also without vision);
• even if you have only 15 minutes of free time - take your hands on the needle.

Each embroidered canvas is a work of art. The interior will be transformed, hundreds of ideas for gifts to relatives and friends will appear, there will be no time for sadness and longing. Needlework is a world of colors and inexhaustible inspiration.