Secrets of the emergence of diamond deposits (8 photos). Diamond Diamond is a rare, but at the same time quite widespread mineral. Industrial diamond deposits are known on all continents except Antarctica.

Option No. 2617841

When completing tasks with a short answer, enter in the answer field the number that corresponds to the number of the correct answer, or a number, a word, a sequence of letters (words) or numbers. The answer should be written without spaces or any additional characters. The answers to tasks 1-26 are a number (number) or a word (several words), a sequence of numbers (numbers).


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Indicate the numbers of sentences in which the correct HOME information contained in the text. Write down the numbers of these sentences.

1) For the production of diamonds and in the manufacture of cutting and grinding tools, diamonds are used, which have a special hardness.

2) Diamonds are used for the production of diamonds and dental equipment.

3) Due to its hardness, diamond grit is used as the main component of a dental bur.

4) Diamonds, which have a special hardness, are used for the production of diamonds and in the manufacture of cutting and grinding tools.

5) The well-known dental bur, like many other cutting tools, is covered with diamond chips.


Answer:

Which of the following words (combinations of words) should be in place of the gap in third offer? Write out this word.

In a word,

Due to the fact that

Despite this

For example


Answer:

Read the fragment of the dictionary entry, which gives the meaning of the word PRODUCTION. Determine the meaning in which this word is used in the second (2) sentence of the text. Write down the number corresponding to this value in the given fragment of the dictionary entry.

PRODUCTION, -a, cf.

1. see produce.

2. The social process of creating material wealth, covering both the productive forces of society and the production relations of people. Commodity item. Growth, decline in production.

3. Manufacturing, development, creation of some kind. products. P. steel. Factory item.

4. Branch of activity that produces some kind of. products. Steelmaking settlement. Agricultural settlement.

5. Work on the direct manufacture of products. Work in production.


Answer:

In one of the words below, a mistake was made in setting the stress: the letter denoting the stressed vowel is highlighted INCORRECTLY. Write out this word.

kitchen

exhaust

cookingAria

Answer:

In one of the sentences below, the underlined word is WRONGLY used. Correct the lexical error by choosing a paronym for the highlighted word. Write down the chosen word.

CHOOSE the only true path, the path that is destined for you from above, guess it, do not turn off it ...

A real teacher should strive to ENGAGE all his students.

The music salon presented a huge selection of discs with recordings of famous performers and aspiring singers.

The plan drawn up by the project manager has undergone major changes in the course of its development.

I remembered exactly a PICK from this piece of music, but I could not reproduce it in full, no matter how hard I tried.

Answer:

In one of the words highlighted below, a mistake was made in the formation of the word form. Correct the mistake and write the word correctly.

VECTORS of motion

for BOTH students

in 1990

Happy birthday

Answer:

Establish a correspondence between the sentences and the grammatical errors made in them: for each position of the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.

A) Everyone who has studied the process of language development is aware of various historical changes at the level of phonetics and grammar.1) incorrect use of the case form of a noun with a preposition
B) Children rarely listen to and follow the advice of their elders.2) violation of the connection between the subject and the predicate
C) He asked me if I knew about my mother's illness.3) violation in the construction of a proposal with an inconsistent application
D) Among the scientific works of F. I. Buslaev, first of all, his book “Historical Grammar of the Russian Language” should be mentioned.4) an error in constructing a sentence with homogeneous members
E) The picture shows a girl who has just got up.5) incorrect construction of a sentence with a participial turnover
6) violation in the construction of a sentence with participial turnover
7) incorrect construction of sentences with indirect speech

Write down the numbers in response, arranging them in the order corresponding to the letters:

ABINGD

Answer:

Determine the word in which the unstressed alternating vowel of the root is missing. Write out this word by inserting the missing letter.

about..nanny

exchange..take (goods)

collect..army

g..rohovy

Answer:

Find a row in which the same letter is missing in both words. Write these words out with the missing letter.

be..protective, in..work;

pre..reveal, barless..erny;

pr..close, pr..miracle;

n .. measurement, take .. take;

on .. construction, about .. quit.

Answer:

Write down the word in which the letter I is written in place of the gap.

peres..yat (flour)

siren..vy

bow.. to bow

podmarg..vat

kneaded (dough)

Answer:

Write down the word in which the letter E is written in place of the gap.

restrained..

move..my

imminent.. my

Answer:

Identify the sentence in which NOT with the word is spelled CONTINUOUSLY. Open the brackets and write out this word.

The earth, which had not seen rain for a long time, cracked.

The sun was (un)bearably hot.

The river, still (not) ice-bound, gloomily rolled its leaden waters.

(Not) whom to ask when he himself is to blame.

I have not been in my native country for a long time.

Answer:

Determine the sentence in which both underlined words are spelled ONE. Open the brackets and write out these two words.

She tried to understand FROM (WHAT) exactly the strange smell emanated, IN (SOON) becoming even more tangible.

Different historians often look at the same thing (SAME) (BY) DIFFERENTLY

(IN) THE BEGINNING we were annoyed by Vera's eccentric behavior, but (IN) AFTER we got used to it.

After a (HALF) HOUR, the detachment was (AT) THE TOP of a long gentle hill.

In the fireplace (FOR) HOME firewood crackled, (C) SIDE the clock ticked peacefully.

Answer:

Indicate all the numbers in the place of which one letter H is written.

In my room there is an iron bed with nickel-plated (1) bumps, an old (2) nightstand, clay (3) jug with flowers on it, a fabric (4) rug on the wall - swans are swimming in the sea-okiyanu, on the shore stands Bova Korolevich.

Answer:

Set up punctuation marks. Indicate the numbers of sentences in which you need to put ONE comma.

1) Morning came and the golden glare of the young sun danced on the barely noticeable waves of a calm sea.

2) An old comrade invited me to visit him and for the first time I had a chance to visit the upper reaches of the Volga.

3) He carefully took out his shoes from his bosom and was again amazed at the expensive work and the wonderful incident of the previous night.

4) In a few hours he will leave the house and the farm and go somewhere to the south.

5) Islands of coltsfoot and wormwood and thin bushes of yellow sweet clover enlivened the slope of the ravine.

Answer:

Above the endless sea (3), which had not yet subsided (1) after the recent storm (2), rose the sky (4) humiliated (5) with brightly twinkling stars.

Answer:

Fill in all the missing punctuation marks: indicate the number(s) that should be replaced by a comma(s) in the sentence.

My brother (1) seems to be (2) beginning to understand the importance of the upcoming events. Sometimes our class (3) seems (4) to me like a big friendly family.

Answer:

Place all punctuation marks: indicate the number(s) that should be replaced by a comma(s) in the sentence.

Khlestakov managed to carry out (1) even the mayor (2) cheating (3) whose (4) was known to the whole city.

Answer:

Place all punctuation marks: indicate the number(s) that should be replaced by a comma(s) in the sentence.

Everyone loved me (1) and (2) although I was immensely naughty (3) I was forgiven everything (4) no matter what I did.

Answer:

Which of the statements correspond to the content of the text? List the response numbers in ascending order.

1) Konstantin Nikolaevich and Anastasia Petrovna have been married for 35 years.

2) Over the years, Anastasia Petrovna began to treat her husband with arrogance.

3) Konstantin Nikolaevich is annoyed that his wife does not look after the house well.

4) Konstantin Nikolayevich felt embarrassed because of his irritation.

5) Anastasia Petrovna did not clean the house because she was sloppy.


(21) Cobwebs in the corners.

(22) − Where is the web?

look for cobwebs in the corners.

(29) − Are you blind, or what?

(According to S. A. Voronin *)

Answer:

Which of the following statements are true? Specify the answer numbers.

Enter the numbers in ascending order.

1) Sentence 16 clarifies the content of sentence 15.

2) Sentences 12-14 present the narrative.

3) In sentences 32−33, reasoning is presented.

4) Sentences 18-21 provide a description.

5) In sentences 43-44 there are no elements of description.


(1) No, not immediately, but somehow from time to time he began to notice cobwebs in the most hidden places, gray mounds of dust on the floor in the corners, a hard crumb stuck on the edge of a washed cup or plate. (2) “Only this was still not enough,” he thought irritably, “has it really been like this all my life, I just didn’t notice, and now, sitting in retirement, I see everything from nothing to do ...”

(4) She sat with her head bowed low over her sewing. (5) Recently, she has had some strange need to mend torn socks, put patches on washed towels. (6) No, she didn’t become at all the way he knew her all thirty-five years after the wedding. (7) Not at all like that.

(8) When she married him, her friends told her that he, Kostya, was not a couple for her. (9) For some reason, they considered him less significant compared to her. (10) But in the end - an apartment, a car, a summer house, and all this is him, and now he also helps his daughter, whose husband turned out to be a frivolous person, and his son has to help. (11) So if we talk about kindness, then here it is - not on impulse, but from month to month, when you deny yourself for the sake of children.

(12) Konstantin Nikolaevich looked at his wife. (13) She still sat with her head bowed low. (14) I put another patch. (15) Recently, she has had a lot of oddities. (16) At least these patches, and bright ones. (17) Then - squint your eyes, as if looking down on the one you are talking to.

(18) − Better take care of the house. (19) Dirt all around. (20) You have become sloppy.

(21) Cobwebs in the corners.

(22) − Where is the web?

(23) And again this vile squint.

(24) − Here, here, here! (25) − Konstantin Nikolaevich began to poke his finger at

(26) − It cannot be ... (27) − Anastasia Petrovna narrowed her eyes and became

look for cobwebs in the corners.

(28) - There's nothing there, you're just nitpicking, - she said to the usual tired

(29) − Are you blind, or what?

(30) Konstantin Nikolaevich jerked his head in irritation and went to his room. (31) I stood at the window, thoughtlessly looking out into the street. (32) “The devil knows what,” his heart boiled, “and she is still being ironic. (33) No, you have to go back and make her take off the web, poke her nose, otherwise you “nitpick” ... (34) And he went to his wife. (35) But what he saw made him freeze.

(36) Anastasia Petrovna stood in a corner and tensely, as happens with a poorly seeing person, peered at the walls, apparently looking for a web. (37) There was something pitiful, helpless in her face and in her whole figure.

(38) − Nastya! - Konstantin Nikolaevich called anxiously.

(39) She shuddered, turned around, and he saw her confused eyes. (40) They were wide open, then squinted, as if making an arrogant look.

(41) - I ... I do not see the web, - she said.

(42) "Don't you see?" he wanted to say. (43) He even saw this black thread from the door, quivering at the slightest movement of air. (44) But he was silent, suddenly realizing that his wife began to see badly and that she had long been no longer that dexterous, cheerful, young, but an elderly, if not old, woman, and said guiltily:

(45) − You're right, there really is no web... (46) Sorry...

(According to S. A. Voronin *)

* Sergey Alekseevich Voronin (1913–2002) - Russian Soviet prose writer.

Answer:

Write out synonyms from sentence 37.


(1) No, not immediately, but somehow from time to time he began to notice cobwebs in the most hidden places, gray mounds of dust on the floor in the corners, a hard crumb stuck on the edge of a washed cup or plate. (2) “Only this was still not enough,” he thought irritably, “has it really been like this all my life, I just didn’t notice, and now, sitting in retirement, I see everything from nothing to do ...”

(3) Konstantin Nikolaevich looked at his wife. (4) She sat with her head bowed low over her sewing. (5) Recently, she has had some strange need to mend torn socks, put patches on washed towels. (6) No, she didn’t become at all the way he knew her all thirty-five years after the wedding. (7) Not at all like that.

(8) When she married him, her friends told her that he, Kostya, was not a couple for her. (9) For some reason, they considered him less significant compared to her. (10) But in the end - an apartment, a car, a summer house, and all this is him, and now he also helps his daughter, whose husband turned out to be a frivolous person, and his son has to help. (11) So if we talk about kindness, then here it is - not on impulse, but from month to month, when you deny yourself for the sake of children.

(12) Konstantin Nikolaevich looked at his wife. (13) She still sat with her head bowed low. (14) I put another patch. (15) Recently, she has had a lot of oddities. (16) At least these patches, and bright ones. (17) Then - squint your eyes, as if looking down on the one you are talking to.

(18) − Better take care of the house. (19) Dirt all around. (20) You have become sloppy.

(21) Cobwebs in the corners.

(22) − Where is the web?

(23) And again this vile squint.

(24) − Here, here, here! (25) − Konstantin Nikolaevich began to poke his finger at

(26) − It cannot be ... (27) − Anastasia Petrovna narrowed her eyes and became

look for cobwebs in the corners.

(28) - There's nothing there, you're just nitpicking, - she said to the usual tired

(29) − Are you blind, or what?

(30) Konstantin Nikolaevich jerked his head in irritation and went to his room. (31) I stood at the window, thoughtlessly looking out into the street. (32) “The devil knows what,” his heart boiled, “and she is still being ironic. (33) No, you have to go back and make her take off the web, poke her nose, otherwise you “nitpick” ... (34) And he went to his wife. (35) But what he saw made him freeze.

(36) Anastasia Petrovna stood in a corner and tensely, as happens with a poorly seeing person, peered at the walls, apparently looking for a web. (37) There was something pitiful, helpless in her face and in her whole figure.

(38) − Nastya! - Konstantin Nikolaevich called anxiously.

(39) She shuddered, turned around, and he saw her confused eyes. (40) They were wide open, then squinted, as if making an arrogant look.

(41) - I ... I do not see the web, - she said.

(42) "Don't you see?" he wanted to say. (43) He even saw this black thread from the door, quivering at the slightest movement of air. (44) But he was silent, suddenly realizing that his wife began to see badly and that she had long been no longer that dexterous, cheerful, young, but an elderly, if not old, woman, and said guiltily:

(45) − You're right, there really is no web... (46) Sorry...

(According to S. A. Voronin *)

* Sergey Alekseevich Voronin (1913–2002) - Russian Soviet prose writer.

(3) Konstantin Nikolaevich looked at his wife.


Answer:

Among sentences 30-38, find one(s) that is(-s) related to the previous one with the help of a possessive pronoun. Write the number(s) of this offer(s).


(1) No, not immediately, but somehow from time to time he began to notice cobwebs in the most hidden places, gray mounds of dust on the floor in the corners, a hard crumb stuck on the edge of a washed cup or plate. (2) “Only this was still not enough,” he thought irritably, “has it really been like this all my life, I just didn’t notice, and now, sitting in retirement, I see everything from nothing to do ...”

(3) Konstantin Nikolaevich looked at his wife. (4) She sat with her head bowed low over her sewing. (5) Recently, she has had some strange need to mend torn socks, put patches on washed towels. (6) No, she didn’t become at all the way he knew her all thirty-five years after the wedding. (7) Not at all like that.

(8) When she married him, her friends told her that he, Kostya, was not a couple for her. (9) For some reason, they considered him less significant compared to her. (10) But in the end - an apartment, a car, a summer house, and all this is him, and now he also helps his daughter, whose husband turned out to be a frivolous person, and his son has to help. (11) So if we talk about kindness, then here it is - not on impulse, but from month to month, when you deny yourself for the sake of children.

(12) Konstantin Nikolaevich looked at his wife. (13) She still sat with her head bowed low. (14) I put another patch. (15) Recently, she has had a lot of oddities. (16) At least these patches, and bright ones. (17) Then - squint your eyes, as if looking down on the one you are talking to.

(18) − Better take care of the house. (19) Dirt all around. (20) You have become sloppy.

(21) Cobwebs in the corners.

(22) − Where is the web?

(23) And again this vile squint.

(24) − Here, here, here! (25) − Konstantin Nikolaevich began to poke his finger at

(26) − It cannot be ... (27) − Anastasia Petrovna narrowed her eyes and became

look for cobwebs in the corners.

(28) - There's nothing there, you're just nitpicking, - she said to the usual tired

(29) − Are you blind, or what?

(30) Konstantin Nikolaevich jerked his head in irritation and went to his room. (31) I stood at the window, thoughtlessly looking out into the street. (32) “The devil knows what,” his heart boiled, “and she is still being ironic. (33) No, you have to go back and make her take off the web, poke her nose, otherwise you “nitpick” ... (34) And he went to his wife. (35) But what he saw made him freeze.

(36) Anastasia Petrovna stood in a corner and tensely, as happens with a poorly seeing person, peered at the walls, apparently looking for a web. (37) There was something pitiful, helpless in her face and in her whole figure.

(38) − Nastya! - Konstantin Nikolaevich called anxiously.

(39) She shuddered, turned around, and he saw her confused eyes. (40) They were wide open, then squinted, as if making an arrogant look.

(41) - I ... I do not see the web, - she said.

(42) "Don't you see?" he wanted to say. (43) He even saw this black thread from the door, quivering at the slightest movement of air. (44) But he was silent, suddenly realizing that his wife began to see badly and that she had long been no longer that dexterous, cheerful, young, but an elderly, if not old, woman, and said guiltily:

(45) − You're right, there really is no web... (46) Sorry...

(According to S. A. Voronin *)

* Sergey Alekseevich Voronin (1913–2002) - Russian Soviet prose writer.

(3) Konstantin Nikolaevich looked at his wife.


Answer:

Read the review snippet. It examines the linguistic features of the text. Some terms used in the review are missing. Fill in the gaps with the numbers corresponding to the number of the term from the list.

Author's focus complicated relationship heroes who are revealed with the help of (A) _____ (sentences 18-29). The author conveys the feelings of Konstantin Nikolaevich with the help of (B) _____ (“boiling ... at the heart” in sentence 32, “poke your nose” in sentence 33). The image of Anastasia Petrovna was created using such lexical means as (C)_____ (“something pathetic” in sentence 37, confused eyes” in sentence 39), as well as (D)_____ (sentence 44).

List of terms:

1) metonymy

2) epithets

4) metaphor

5) appeal(s)

6) antithesis

7) comparison

8) introductory words

9) phraseological units

Write down the numbers in response, arranging them in the order corresponding to the letters:

ABING

(1) No, not immediately, but somehow from time to time he began to notice cobwebs in the most hidden places, gray mounds of dust on the floor in the corners, a hard crumb stuck on the edge of a washed cup or plate. (2) “Only this was still not enough,” he thought irritably, “has it really been like this all my life, I just didn’t notice, and now, sitting in retirement, I see everything from nothing to do ...”

(3) Konstantin Nikolaevich looked at his wife. (4) She sat with her head bowed low over her sewing. (5) Recently, she has had some strange need to mend torn socks, put patches on washed towels. (6) No, she didn’t become at all the way he knew her all thirty-five years after the wedding. (7) Not at all like that.

(8) When she married him, her friends told her that he, Kostya, was not a couple for her. (9) For some reason, they considered him less significant compared to her. (10) But in the end - an apartment, a car, a summer house, and all this is him, and now he also helps his daughter, whose husband turned out to be a frivolous person, and his son has to help. (11) So if we talk about kindness, then here it is - not on impulse, but from month to month, when you deny yourself for the sake of children.

(12) Konstantin Nikolaevich looked at his wife. (13) She still sat with her head bowed low. (14) I put another patch. (15) Recently, she has had a lot of oddities. (16) At least these patches, and bright ones. (17) Then - squint your eyes, as if looking down on the one you are talking to.

(18) − Better take care of the house. (19) Dirt all around. (20) You have become sloppy.

(21) Cobwebs in the corners.

(22) − Where is the web?

(23) And again this vile squint.

(24) − Here, here, here! (25) − Konstantin Nikolaevich began to poke his finger at

(26) − It cannot be ... (27) − Anastasia Petrovna narrowed her eyes and became

look for cobwebs in the corners.

(28) - There's nothing there, you're just nitpicking, - she said to the usual tired

(29) − Are you blind, or what?

(30) Konstantin Nikolaevich jerked his head in irritation and went to his room. (31) I stood at the window, thoughtlessly looking out into the street. (32) “The devil knows what,” his heart boiled, “and she is still being ironic. (33) No, you have to go back and make her take off the web, poke her nose, otherwise you “nitpick” ... (34) And he went to his wife. (35) But what he saw made him freeze.

(36) Anastasia Petrovna stood in a corner and tensely, as happens with a poorly seeing person, peered at the walls, apparently looking for a web. (37) There was something pitiful, helpless in her face and in her whole figure.

(38) − Nastya! - Konstantin Nikolaevich called anxiously.

(39) She shuddered, turned around, and he saw her confused eyes. (40) They were wide open, then squinted, as if making an arrogant look.

(41) - I ... I do not see the web, - she said.

(42) "Don't you see?" he wanted to say. (43) He even saw this black thread from the door, quivering at the slightest movement of air. (44) But he was silent, suddenly realizing that his wife began to see badly and that she had long been no longer that dexterous, cheerful, young, but an elderly, if not old, woman, and said guiltily:

(45) − You're right, there really is no web... (46) Sorry...

(According to S. A. Voronin *)

* Sergey Alekseevich Voronin (1913–2002) - Russian Soviet prose writer.

(18) − Better take care of the house. (19) Dirt all around. (20) You have become sloppy.

(21) Cobwebs in the corners.

(22) − Where is the web?

The volume of the essay is at least 150 words.

A work written without relying on the text read (not on this text) is not evaluated. If the essay is a paraphrase or a complete rewrite original text without any comments, then such work is rated 0 points.

Write an essay carefully, legible handwriting.


(1) No, not immediately, but somehow from time to time he began to notice cobwebs in the most hidden places, gray mounds of dust on the floor in the corners, a hard crumb stuck on the edge of a washed cup or plate. (2) “Only this was still not enough,” he thought irritably, “has it really been like this all my life, I just didn’t notice, and now, sitting in retirement, I see everything from nothing to do ...”

(3) Konstantin Nikolaevich looked at his wife. (4) She sat with her head bowed low over her sewing. (5) Recently, she has had some strange need to mend torn socks, put patches on washed towels. (6) No, she didn’t become at all the way he knew her all thirty-five years after the wedding. (7) Not at all like that.

(8) When she married him, her friends told her that he, Kostya, was not a couple for her. (9) For some reason, they considered him less significant compared to her. (10) But in the end - an apartment, a car, a summer house, and all this is him, and now he also helps his daughter, whose husband turned out to be a frivolous person, and his son has to help. (11) So if we talk about kindness, then here it is - not on impulse, but from month to month, when you deny yourself for the sake of children.

(12) Konstantin Nikolaevich looked at his wife. (13) She still sat with her head bowed low. (14) I put another patch. (15) Recently, she has had a lot of oddities. (16) At least these patches, and bright ones. (17) Then - squint your eyes, as if looking down on the one you are talking to.

(18) − Better take care of the house. (19) Dirt all around. (20) You have become sloppy.

(21) Cobwebs in the corners.

(22) − Where is the web?

(23) And again this vile squint.

(24) − Here, here, here! (25) − Konstantin Nikolaevich began to poke his finger at

(26) − It cannot be ... (27) − Anastasia Petrovna narrowed her eyes and became

look for cobwebs in the corners.

(28) - There's nothing there, you're just nitpicking, - she said to the usual tired

(29) − Are you blind, or what?

(30) Konstantin Nikolaevich jerked his head in irritation and went to his room. (31) I stood at the window, thoughtlessly looking out into the street. (32) “The devil knows what,” his heart boiled, “and she is still being ironic. (33) No, you have to go back and make her take off the web, poke her nose, otherwise you “nitpick” ... (34) And he went to his wife. (35) But what he saw made him freeze.

(36) Anastasia Petrovna stood in a corner and tensely, as happens with a poorly seeing person, peered at the walls, apparently looking for a web. (37) There was something pitiful, helpless in her face and in her whole figure.

(38) − Nastya! - Konstantin Nikolaevich called anxiously.

(39) She shuddered, turned around, and he saw her confused eyes. (40) They were wide open, then squinted, as if making an arrogant look.

(41) - I ... I do not see the web, - she said.

(42) "Don't you see?" he wanted to say. (43) He even saw this black thread from the door, quivering at the slightest movement of air. (44) But he was silent, suddenly realizing that his wife began to see badly and that she had long been no longer that dexterous, cheerful, young, but an elderly, if not old, woman, and said guiltily:

(45) − You're right, there really is no web... (46) Sorry...

(According to S. A. Voronin *)

* Sergey Alekseevich Voronin (1913–2002) - Russian Soviet prose writer.

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Diamonds are a rare, but at the same time quite widespread mineral. Industrial deposits diamonds are known on all continents except Antarctica.

Every year, about 25 tons of technical and gem diamonds are mined from kimberlite pipes on the planet, worth about $ 12 billion in raw form. The lives of tens of millions of people are connected in one way or another with diamonds: they search for them, mine them, process them, and sell them. Diamonds serve not only to satisfy the immense human vanity and craving for shiny expensive trinkets.
It is estimated that the use of diamond tools more than doubles the economic potential of any developed country. But to a simple question: how are diamonds formed in nature? - still no answer. It is believed that diamonds crystallized in the unknown depths of the mantle, and kimberlite "explosion pipes" carried them to the surface of the planet.
In this generally accepted version, everything is unclear: both the mechanism of diamond formation, and the location on the planet of diamond-bearing rocks - kimberlites, and the causes of the emergence of "kimberlite pipes", rooted in the depths of the Earth.

Thousands of scientific articles are devoted to diamonds and diamond-bearing rocks of the mantle - kimberlites. But they do not answer the three main mysteries of primary diamond deposits. First: why are kimberlites located only on "platforms", the most stable and powerful blocks of the earth's crust? What monstrous forces forced the heavy rocks of the Earth's mantle to break the great law of Archimedes, rush upward and pierce, like an armor-piercing projectile of unprecedented strength, 40 kilometers of lighter rocks - basalts, granites, sedimentary rocks? And why do kimberlite pipes “pierce” precisely the thick crust of the platforms, and not the thin 10-kilometer crust of the ocean floor or the transition zone at the border of continents with oceans, where hundreds of volcanoes smoke on deep faults, and lava flows freely to the surface? .. Answers to geologists do not have this question.

Another mystery is the amazing shape of the cyberlite pipes. In fact, these are not “pipes” at all, but rather “champagne glasses”, cones on a thin stem extending into the depths of the planet. Geologists call them “explosion pipes”, although it is difficult to come up with a more ridiculous phrase: after all, underground explosions do not form pipes at all, but spheres! Numerous so-called "camouflage chambers" have now been drilled - voids left after powerful underground nuclear explosions. All these chambers are spherical in shape. But kimberlite “pipes-cones” really exist! How did they come about? There is no answer to this question either.

The third mystery concerns the unusual shape of mineral grains in kimberlites. It is known that minerals that crystallize first from molten magma always form well-cut crystals. These minerals include apatite, garnet, zircon, olivine, and ilmenite. They are also common in kimberlites, but here they always lack crystalline faces, their grains are rounded and resemble rounded pebbles in shape. Geologists are trying to explain this mysterious feature by the fact that the minerals were melted by hot magma. Melting, as is known, leads to the transformation of minerals into amorphous glass, devoid of a crystalline structure. However, no traces of “vitrification” and loss of crystal structure in these rounded grains have been found by anyone.

On the other hand, diamond crystals are presented at processing plants as whole mountains of sparkling, perfectly formed octahedrons or rhombic-dodecahedrons with sharp edges, which are so convenient for cutting glass. But they, according to existing views, arose in the depths of the mantle and were taken out already “in finished form” together with kimberlite magma from a depth of 150-200 kilometers. For some reason, these crystals were preserved, despite their fragility, an abundance of internal stresses and the ability to easily split along certain planes,

It turns out that diamond crystals, which have passed a very long and thorny path with molten magma, look like they just left the factory assembly line. But the crystals of garnet, zircon, apatite and other minerals, which seem to have separated from the melt directly in the pipe, are deprived of their legal facets. Why did such a paradox arise?

The first version is considered the most plausible - diamonds are born at monstrous temperatures and pressures deep under the earth's crust. Carbon formations collided with red-hot magma, which led to the formation of wonderful stones. This hypothesis is confirmed, first of all, by the fact that this is exactly the technology for growing synthetic diamonds. And everything would be great if it were not for the facts that contradict this version.

One of them is that some Siberian diamonds contain organic inclusions and even branches of ancient plants! This suggests that the formation of these stones occurred quite close to the Earth's surface. Certainly not in magma.

Microscopic diamonds are also found in meteorites. True, their cosmic origin still remains in question: until recently it was believed that they are formed from a terrible impact of a celestial body on the earth - this gives the necessary pressure and temperature for a fraction of a second. However, diamond inclusions have recently been discovered in a meteorite that fell in Antarctica, where such conditions could not have arisen.

The most amazing thing about meteorite "babies" is age. It can exceed the age of the Earth and even the Sun!

Scientists have learned to establish the approximate date of birth of stones by indirect signs. And then they came across new amazing things. It turned out that the most ancient diamonds are not Indian, where they were first discovered, but African ones. They are 3.3 billion years old.

Younger ones - 2.9 billion years old - are already found on all continents. They owe their appearance to ancient marine organisms, which, turning into coal and graphite, somehow fell into magma, where they completed a miraculous transformation from black and brittle to transparent and strong.

The youngest diamonds are about a hundred million years old. Very few of them have been found, and the nature of their occurrence is completely unclear.

Diamond is a mysterious child of the Earth, bringing us new discoveries. But the most important thing that all scientists agree on is that today our planet no longer produces these stones. Peat continues to form in the world's swamps, which has every chance of becoming someday (not in our lifetime) coal and oil, but there will be no more diamonds - diamond-bearing rock is found only in the most ancient deposits. Maybe once our planet was hotter, maybe other geological conditions have changed ... But what we got will someday end. For good.

This does not mean that there is no longer a chance to find a diamond that will outshine the best specimens with its splendor - the Cullinan African (the largest in history), the Great Mogul Indian and other legendary stones. However, the depletion of reserves is obvious - the mines of India and Brazil have already left the arena. Who is next? Africa? Russia?

And when the last diamond is extracted from the earth, their prices will skyrocket! This will be the peak of the celebration of those who have purchased diamonds today.

30

Educational portal "RESHU EGE" (http://russian.reshuege.rf) Option No. 1257007 1. A 27 No. 635. Diamonds, rare, but at the same time quite widespread minerals, are extremely hard stones . Therefore, they are often used not only for the production of diamonds, but also for the manufacture of cutting and grinding discs, circles and other tools. For example, the well-known dental bur is covered with diamond chips. Read the text. Which of the following sentences correctly conveys the main information contained in the text? 1) Diamonds are used for the production of diamonds and dental equipment. 2) Due to its hardness, diamond grit is used as the main component of a dental bur. 3) Diamonds, which have a special hardness, are used for the production of diamonds and in the manufacture of cutting and sharpening tools. 4) The well-known dental bur, like many other cutting tools, is covered with diamond chips. 2. A 27 No. 1775. Read the text. Many objects that surround us are made from natural materials - one or more. Since ancient times, people have used these and materials: they made fabrics from natural fibers, built houses from reeds and wood, processed stones and metals, creating various objects. A modern person using natural materials today should think about the fact that their reserves are not unlimited. Which of the following sentences correctly conveys the main information contained in the text? 1) Objects made from natural materials were used by ancient people in everyday life, and today many objects that surround us are also made of stone and metal, wood and natural fibers. 2) Modern man must remember that the reserves of natural materials used from ancient times to the present day are not unlimited. 3) People should remember that the reserves of natural materials can run out, so artificially created materials must also be used. 4) Ancient people used only natural materials: they made fabrics from natural fibers, built houses from reeds and wood, processed stones and metals. 3. A 27 No. 483. Sometimes in the mountains not small fragments break off, but huge blocks of rock; falling down, they break into smaller parts and clutter up the valleys. This phenomenon is called collapse. Most often, rocks composed of layers of sedimentary rocks collapse in this way, and these layers should lie not horizontally, but at an angle to the horizon y - cracks pass through these layers, leading to a collapse. Read the text. Which of the following sentences correctly conveys the main information contained in the text? 1) A collapse is a cluttering of valleys with huge blocks of rocks that have broken into smaller parts. 2) A collapse - the collapse of rocks and their cluttering up with fragments of valleys - usually leads to the appearance of cracks in layers of sedimentary rocks lying at an angle to the horizon y. 3) Rocks, composed of layers of sedimentary rocks, always collapse into valleys and clutter them up with huge boulders. 4) A collapse is a phenomenon that occurs as a result of the collapse of small fragments of sedimentary rocks into the valleys. 05/06/2014 St. p. 1 of 6 4. A 27 No. 2538. Read the text. Educational portal "RESHU EGE" (http://russkiy.reshuege.rf) In 1904, at the very beginning of the Russian-Japanese war, the cruiser "Varyag" During the battle with the Japanese, he received 5 underwater holes and was captured. Designed by Charles Crump by order of the Russian Empire and launched in 1899 in America, this cruiser, it would seem, had every chance of breaking through to Port Arthur: the Varyag showed a record speed for its time in tests - 23 .5 knots. However, due to the major design flaws of engineer Kramp, the steam boilers of the ship soon after the cruiser was put into operation fell into disrepair and the maximum speed of the Varyag at the time of the battle was reduced to 14 knots, which was clearly not enough at least for a breakthrough. Which of the following sentences correctly conveys the main information contained in the text? 1) The Varyag cruiser designed by Kramp for the Russian Empire showed in tests a record speed for its time - 23.5 knots, however, due to Kramp's major design flaws, after five years, the speed of the cruiser was reduced sailed up to 14 knots. 2) The cruiser "Varyag", which showed a record speed for its time during the tests, would probably not have been flooded and could have broken through to Port Arthur, if not for the design flaws of engineer Kramp, as a result of which the speed of the ship by 1904 was reduced to 14 knots. 3) Built according to last word However, the Varyag cruiser did not have enough equipment or maximum speed, and in order to break past the Japanese squadron to Port Arthur, the ship received 5 holes and was flooded. 4) The cruiser "Varyag" was sunk in 1904 when trying to break through to Port Arthur, and the ship from the moment of construction had no chance of this: the estimated speed of the "Varyag" was only 14 knots, which was clearly not enough for a successful breakthrough. 5. A 27 No. 1509. Read the text. Napoleon was very fond of reading, which was quite unusual for a military man. In each residence he had a library composed of the same books, and therefore the emperor could continue reading any book, moving from place to place. He became addicted to reading as a child, in a military school: he did not have good relations with his peers, and books allowed him to forget about loneliness and everyday troubles. Which of the following sentences correctly conveys the main information contained in the text? 1) Napoleon often spent time reading books in one of his residences. 2) In each residence, Napoleon had a library made up of different books. 3) From childhood, Napoleon was addicted to reading, which replaced communication with his peers, therefore, in each residence, the emperor had the same library. 4) Napoleon liked to read the same books from which all his libraries were composed. 6. A 27 No. 2459. Read the text. In ancient times, the prosperity of the state largely depended on whether there were deposits of minerals, especially metals, on its territory. It was the rich reserves of "metal" ores that often became the reason why entire peoples moved to new lands. The ancient Greeks, for example, were in need of gold, silver, tin, copper, and iron. Therefore, they began to colonize the Black Sea coast. Indeed, iron can be mined on the Kerch Peninsula in the Crimea, and gold sand can be mined in the rivers of the Caucasus. Which of the following sentences correctly conveys the main information contained in the text? 1) Deposits of minerals were so important for the state in antiquity that the desire to possess them could become the reason for colonization. 2) The Black Sea coast attracted the ancient Greeks primarily with iron ore reserves. 3) The ancient Greeks needed iron, but they also lacked tin, copper and precious metals. 4) In ancient times, entire peoples moved to new lands, and the reasons for such a resettlement were different. 05/06/2014 St. p. Page 2 of 6 Educational portal "RESHU EGE" (http://russian.reshuege.rf) 7. A 27 No. 977. Read the text. Camels can go without food for a long time, and, what is especially important, they can not drink for several days, and scientists have long speculated about the reasons for their amazing ability to endure thirst. The assumption that the animal's stomach holds water - and the camel drinks a lot and quickly: in 10 minutes it absorbs 10 buckets of water at once, and the assumption that you are thirsty allows the camel to accumulate fat in the humps, after all, " burning, it gives water and thus protects the body from dehydration. It turned out that the phenomenal resistance of a camel to thirst depends on its ability to lose up to a quarter and its body mass due to water, while moisture is retained in the blood in a much larger amount than in others. animals. Which of the following sentences correctly conveys the main information contained in the text? 1) Camels can go without food and without water for a long time, and scientists have put forward various conjectures about the reasons for this amazing ability, only one of which has been proven. 2) The resistance of camels to thirst is due to the fact that they are able to lose up to a quarter of their body weight due to water, and moisture in their blood is retained in a much larger amount. than in other animals. 3) Regarding the resistance of camels to thirst, scientists put forward two assumptions: water is retained by the stomach of the animal and the fat accumulated in the humps allows the camel to endure thirst. 4) The camel drinks a lot and quickly: in 10 minutes it immediately absorbs 10 buckets of water, and its ability to go without water for a long time is explained primarily by the ability to absorb moisture in a much larger amount, unlike others animals. 8. A 27 No. 1167. World experience shows that at the present stage of development of nanotechnologies one of the key places is occupied by the deposition of thin films in a vacuum. By varying the thickness and number of layers in such films, it is possible, regardless of the chemical composition, to obtain dielectric or semiconductor properties of metals and to achieve higher strength and hardness. Using multicomponent and multilayer films, it is possible to form nanocomposite materials with a very wide range of applications. Read the text. Which of the following sentences correctly conveys the main information contained in the text? 1) World experience shows that at the present stage of development of nanotechnologies, one of the key places is occupied by changing the properties of metals with the help of thin films. 2) Today, the deposition of thin films in a vacuum occupies one of the key places in the development of nanotechnologies, making it possible to control the properties of metals and create nanocomposite materials for a wide range of applications. 3) By varying the thickness of the films, it is possible, regardless of the chemical composition, to change the usual properties of metals, achieving higher strength and hardness. 4) Using multicomponent and multilayer films, it is possible to form nanocomposite materials with a very wide range of applications. 9. A 27 No. 1243. Read the text. Rice requires slightly less fertilizer than other crops. This is explained by the fact that specific nitrogen-fixing bacteria live in the root zone of rice plants. As a result, even without the application of nitrogen fertilizers, a rice plantation can maintain yields for a long time. Which of the following sentences correctly conveys the main information contained in the text? 1) Compared to other crops, rice requires somewhat less fertilizer. 2) Rice plantation can maintain long-term yields without nitrogen fertilization due to nitrogen fixing bacteria, which reduces the fertilizer requirement of rice plants. 3) Rice plantation can maintain yield for a long time due to bacteria. 4) Specific nitrogen-fixing bacteria live in the roots of rice plants. 05/06/2014 St. p. Page 3 of 6 Educational portal "RESHU EGE" (http://russkiy.reshuege.rf) 10. A 27 No. 293. Preserving the cultural environment is a task no less important than preserving the natural environment. Losses in nature are recoverable to a certain extent, unlike cultural losses. Therefore, modern scientists (archaeologists, historians, ethnographers, philosophers, writers, linguists, etc.) say that the protection and preservation of the cultural characteristics of peoples and nations are becoming a key moment of human progress and self-expression. Read the text. Which of the following sentences correctly conveys the main information contained in the text? 1) Saving environment- a task no less important than the preservation of the culture of peoples and nations. 2) The key to human progress and self-expression is the protection and preservation of the cultural specificity of peoples and nations. 3) Archaeologists, historians, ethnographers, philosophers, writers and linguists study the cultural characteristics of peoples and nations. 4) According to modern scientists, losses in nature are recoverable to a certain extent, in contrast to cultural losses. 11. A 27 No. 787. Archaeologists find many treasures in the Slavic lands. The value of a treasure lies not in the quantity of treasures, but in the quality jewelry(among them are real masterpieces). But the most valuable for archaeologists is the idea of ​​the life and life of the ancient Slavs, which is formed in the process of studying jewelry found during excavations. Read the text. Which of the following sentences correctly conveys the main information contained in the text? 1) Archaeologists find many treasures, the value of which is determined primarily by the quality of jewelry. 2) The most valuable thing for archaeologists is not the quantity of found jewelry, but their quality. 3) For archaeologists, the jewelry found in the Slavic lands is important primarily because they give an idea of ​​the life and life of the ancient Slavs. 4) Among the jewelry found in the Slavic lands, there are real masterpieces, and archaeologists pay great attention to their study. 12. A 27 No. 711. The number of sciences is growing, but the emergence of new ones is not only due to differentiation and specialization, but also due to the emergence of related disciplines. Physics and chemistry merge, forming a number of intermediate disciplines, mathematics enters into connection with neighboring and non-neighboring sciences, and many sciences are "mathematized". And this is not accidental: the advancement of our knowledge about the world takes place precisely in the gaps between the "traditional" sciences. Read the text. Which of the following sentences correctly conveys the main information contained in the text? 1) The growth of the number of sciences in modern world due to the emergence of a large number of related disciplines. 2) The advancement of our knowledge of the world is due to the specialization of the sciences. 3) In the modern world, related disciplines arise: physics and chemistry merge, forming a number of intermediate disciplines, mathematics enters into connection with neighboring and non-neighboring sciences, and “mathematization” of many sciences occurs. 4) The growth in the number of sciences reflects the specifics of the advancement of our knowledge about the world: there is not only a differentiation of sciences, but also the emergence of related disciplines. 13. A 27 No. 217. Bacteria are truly ubiquitous. Thousands and even millions of bacteria live in air and water, in any lump of soil and in every living organism. They can be detected in the upper layers of the atmosphere at an altitude of several tens of kilometers and in deep underground wells; in boiling volcanic springs and in the thickness of the Antarctic glaciers. Read the text. Which of the following sentences correctly conveys the main information contained in the text? 1) 2) 3) 4) Bacteria Bacteria In everyone Bacteria 06.05.2014 live everywhere. can live in the harshest conditions. Thousands and even millions of bacteria live in a living organism. live in every living organism St r. Page 4 of 6 Educational portal "RESHU EGE" (http://russian.reshuege.rf) 14. A 27 No. 5505. Read the text. Which of the following sentences correctly conveys the main information contained in the text? If the conditions of existence and the direction of action of natural selection are similar in animals of different groups, then in the process of evolution they sometimes acquire similar adaptations to the environment. This process is called convergence of features (convergence). For example, the front burrowing limbs of the mole and the bear are very similar, although these animals belong to different types, cetaceans and fish strongly resemble each other in body shape, the limbs are similar in swimming animals, from belonging to different classes. (1) − Kill!.. (2)Shoot!.. (3)Now shoot the scoundrel!.. (6)Kill him! - shouted male, female voices of the crowd. (4) Without mercy! .. (5) Murderer! .. (7) A huge crowd of people led a bound man down the street. (8) This man from, tall, straight, walked with a firm step, raising his head high. (9) On his beautiful, courageous face there was an expression of contempt and anger towards the people around him. (10) This was one of those people who, in the war of the people against the authorities, are fighting on the side of the authorities. (11) His grasp or now they were led to execution. (12) − This is about the policeman, he shot at us in the morning! - shouted in the crowd. (13) The crowd did not stop, and he was led on. (14) When they came to that street, where yesterday’s corpses of those killed by the troops were lying on the pavement, the crowd became furious. (15) − There is nothing to pull! (16) Now here and shoot the villain, where else does he lead? people shouted. (17) The prisoner frowned and only raised his head higher. (18) He seemed to hate the crowd even more than the crowd hated him. (19) - Kill everyone! (20)Spies! (21) Kings! (22) Popov! (23) And this is their scoundrels! (24) Kill, kill now! squealed female voices. (25) But the leaders of the crowd decided to bring him to the square and there to deal with him. (26) It was already not far from the square when, in a moment of calm, a crying childish voice was heard in the back rows of the crowd. (27) − Bat me! Bat me! - sobbing, shouted a six-year-old boy, pushing himself into the crowd in order to get to the prisoner. (28) − Bat me! (29) What are they doing with you? (30) Wait, wait, take me, take me! the child is getting closer and closer to the father. (32) − How old are you, boy? (33) − What do you want to do with your dad? the boy replied. (34) “Go home, boy, go to your mother,” one of the men said to the boy. (35) The prisoner already heard the boy's voice and heard what they said to him. (36) His face became even gloomier. (37) − He has no mother! - he shouted at the words of the one who sent the child to his mother. (38) Getting closer and closer, poking around in the crowd, the boy got to his father and climbed into his arms. (39) In the crowd they shouted the same: (40) “Kill! (41) Hang up! (42) Shoot the scoundrel! (43) And the prisoner let go of the boy and went up to the man who was in charge of the crowd. (44) “Listen,” he said, “kill me, how and where you want, but not with him,” he pointed to the boy. (45) − Untie me for two minutes and hold her hand, and I will tell him that we are walking with you, that you are my friend, and he will leave. (46) And then when ... then when you kill it, as you want it. (47) The head of the spruce agreed. (48) Then the prisoner again took the boy in his arms and said: (49) - Be smart, go to Kat's neighbor. (50) - What are you? (51) − You see, I am walking with this friend of mine, we will walk a little, and you go, and I will come. (52) Go, be smart. (53) The boy stared at his father, bent his head to one side, then to the other and thought. 05/06/2014 St. p. 5 of 6 Educational portal "RESHU EGE" (http://russian.reshuege.rf) (54) − Go, dear, I'll come. (55) − Will you come? (56) And the child obeyed. (57) One woman took him out of the crowd. (58) When the child disappeared, the prisoner said: (59) − Now I am ready, kill me. (60) And then something completely incomprehensible, unexpected happened. (61) Some one and the same spirit woke up in all these minutes in cruel, ruthless, hating people, and one woman said: (62) − But he knows something. (63) Let it be empty. (64) − And so, God bless him, - said someone else. (65) − Let go. (66) − Let go, let go! - thundered the crowd. (67) And a proud, ruthless man, who hated the crowd minutes before, sobbed, covered his face with his hands and, like a guilty one, ran out of the crowd, and no one stopped him. (according to LN Tolstoy*) *Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy (1828−1910) is a world-famous Russian prose writer, playwright, publicist. 1) Similar conditions of existence and the direction of action of natural selection determine the similarity of the body shape of whales and fish. 2) The similarity of the front burrowing limbs of the mole and the mole cricket, belonging to different types, is explained by similar conditions of existence. 3) Convergence is a process of convergence of features of closely related groups of animals, which is explained by similar conditions of existence. 4) Convergence - the convergence of traits in animals of different groups - is explained by the impact on these animals of similar living conditions and the general direction of natural selection in this case. 15. A 27 No. 5544. Read the text. For the Antarctic voyage under the command of Bellingshausen, the Admiralt Eist outfitted two ships: the Mirny and Vostok sloops, which turned out to be not the best choice and had a negative impact on the expedition plans. If the Mirny, built according to the project of the Russian engineers Kolodkin and Kurepanov and reinforced by Captain Lazarev before the start of the expedition, brilliantly showed itself in the ice campaign, then the Vostok, designed by British engineers, fell qualitatively Mirny” and turned out to be so weak for navigation in the polar ice that by the end of the expedition the condition of the sloop was unsatisfactory. This prompted Bellingshausen to think about early termination of the expedition, and then forced him to make a decision to return. Which of the following sentences correctly conveys the main information contained in the text? 1) The Mirny sloop, designed by Russian engineers, turned out to be much stronger than the Vostok, which was designed by the British. 2) For the Antarctic expedition of Bellingshausen, the Admiralty chose ships built according to different projects and at different shipyards. 3) Not the most successful choice of ships for Bellingshausen's Antarctic expedition was the reason for its early end: the Vostok sloop was too weak to sail in the ice. 4) The commander of the Russian Antarctic expedition, Captain Bellingshausen, had at his disposal two ships of different seaworthiness: the sloops Mirny and Vostok. 05/06/2014 St. p. 6 out of 6

OPTION 26 USE-2015

Part 1

The answers to tasks 1-24 are a number, a word, a phrase or sequence of words, numbers . Write your answer in the answer field in the text of the work, and then transfer

in the ANSWER FORM No. 1 to the right of the task number, starting from the first cell, Write each letter and number in a separate box in accordance with the samples given in the form.

Read the text and complete tasks 1-3.

(1) Diamonds, rare, but at the same time quite widespread minerals, are extremely hard stones. (2) Therefore, they are often used not only for the production of diamonds, but also for the manufacture of cutting and grinding discs, wheels and other tools. (3) the familiar dental bur is coated with diamond grit.

1. Which of the following sentences is correctHOME information contained in the text?

1. Diamonds are used for the production of diamonds and dental equipment.

2. Diamond grit is used as the main component of dental bur because of its hardness.

3. Diamonds, which have a special hardness, are used for the production of diamonds and in the manufacture of cutting and grinding tools.

4. The use of diamonds for the manufacture of sharpening and cutting tools, and not only for the production of diamonds, is due to their special hardness.

5. The well-known dental bur, like many other cutting tools, is covered with diamond chips.

2. Which of the following words (combinations of words) should be in place of the gap in the third (3) sentence of the text? Write down this word (combination of words).

On the contrary, Contrary to this, But However, For example,

Answer:_______________________________________

3 . Read the fragment of the dictionary entry, which gives the meaning of the word TOOL. Determine the meaning in which this word is used in the second (2) sentence of the text. Write down the number corresponding to this value in the given fragment of the dictionary entry.

TOOL , -a, m.

1. A tool for the production of some. works.Manual and., machine and. Control and measuring and. Surgical and.

2. collected Same as toolkit.

3. The same as a musical instrument.Stringed instruments. Impact and.

4. trans. A means, a method used to achieve something. (book).I. knowledge.

Answer:_______________________________________

4. One of the following words has an accent error:WRONG the letter denoting the stressed vowel is highlighted. Write out this word.

the beard is ringing quarter spoiled accepted

Answer:_______________________________________

5. One of the suggestions belowWRONG highlighted word is used.Correct the mistake and spell the word correctly.

Flooding from jam-type floods, which do not depend much on the water content of the year, should be EXPECTED in April and May.

There is a proven method for cleaning short-haired fur: the soiled fur should be rubbed with hot mashed potatoes, and then thoroughly DISCONNECTED.

The greatest misunderstanding of Moscow SUBSCRIPTIONS causes the need to pay a subscription fee for using the line.

The new company was registered under a beautiful, SOUNDING name.

The FISHING BOAT went out to the open sea.

Answer:_______________________________________

6. In one of the words highlighted below, a mistake was made in the formation of the word form.Correct the mistake and spell the word correctly.

IN FOUR LINES, all DIRECTORS of gymnasiums

SHORT way to jump MORE HIGHER

TRY to solve

Answer:_______________________________________

7. Establish a correspondence between the sentences and the grammatical errors made in them: for each position of the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.

OFFERS

A) Those who work enthusiastically in any field of knowledge are drawn to innovation.

B) Leaving on a business trip, the father promised that he would definitely return by the holidays.

IN)Due to the long absence of the boat, an aircraft was sent to search for the ship, which came out with a special mission during a storm.

D) Thanks to the application of the new method, brilliant results were achieved.

E) In the family archive there is a message from the actor Shchepkin, in which he writes that “it is with heartache that I announce the closure of the theater in Tiflis.”

ERRORS

1) incorrect use of the case form of a noun with a preposition

2) violation of the connection between the subject and the predicate

3) violation in the construction of a proposal with an inconsistent application

4) an error in constructing a sentence with homogeneous members

5) incorrect construction of a sentence with a participial turnover

6) violation in the construction of a sentence with participial turnover

7) incorrect sentence construction with indirect speech

Answer:

A

B

IN

G

D

8. Determine the word in which the unstressed checked vowel of the root is missing. Write out this word by inserting the missing letter.

zar..if applied..live to..combination order..renely prep..roaring

Answer:_______________________________________

9. Determine the row in which the same letter is missing in both words in the prefix. Write these words out with the missing letter.

pr..possible, pr..methyl white..voiced, and..bending on..piral, o..fed

pr .. helped, pr .. sek under .. sent, n .. break

Answer:_______________________________________

10. E .

in love .. you are tired .. you are assigned .. you are perplexed .. you turn .. you

Answer:_______________________________________

11. Write down the word in which the letter is written in the place of the gapAND .

adoring.. my look.. you get it.. my needle.. you finished..

Answer:_______________________________________

12. Define a sentence thatNOT spelled with the wordONE . Open the brackets and write out this word.

Our satellite also (NOT) SIT idly by.

Around stretched (NOT) ENDING vineyards.

The travelers went to the shore, which was still (NOT) overgrown with ice.

(NOT) SACKING for a minute, the guys packed their bags.

The house, which grew before our eyes in just six months, was (NOT) IMMEDIATELY accepted by the commission.

Answer:_______________________________________

13. Determine the sentence in which both underlined words are writtenONE . Open the brackets and write out these two words.

WHAT (WOULD) not see what was happening, I closed my eyes, but in the SAME moment, the thunderclaps deafened me.

WHAT (WHAT) amateurs say, to understanding classical music one must be prepared, (FOR) BECAUSE it is not so easy to master a complex art.

The father did not dare to ask what was the matter, and at the SAME time he did not understand (FROM) WHAT the house became so deserted.

The Great Silk Road began in China, (FOR) THAT went through Central Asia, Persia, the Middle East, and (FROM) THERE to Europe.

All the work of the writer Evgeny Nosov (IN) GENERALLY is (THAT) THE BIGGEST wise book that helps people to be kinder, more generous.

Answer:_______________________________________

14. Indicate all the numbers in the place of which it is writtenNN.

In the heroes of his paintings, Pablo Picasso wanted to see the carriers of the truth (1) hidden from ordinary people, accessible only to the inner (2) man’s gaze, his exalted (3) nature.

Answer:_______________________________________

15. Arrange punctuation marks. Indicate the numbers of offers in which you want to putONE comma.

1) The violin melody rang in the dusk of the night and its gentle echoes gradually dissolved in the noise of the surf.

2) There are various versions and hypotheses about the origin and meaning of the name of this plant.

3) In the long autumn evenings we read aloud or just sat by the fireplace.

4) The knights either conquered new cities or lost all their acquisitions, then again prepared for campaigns.

5) Rudolf Nureyev masterfully mastered the technique of both classical and modern dance.

Answer:_______________________________________

16. Put punctuation marks: indicate all the numbers that should be replaced by commas in the sentence.

The road (1) turning to the right (2) went through a huge field (3) sown with spring crops (4) and went deep into the forest.

Answer:_______________________________________

17. Put punctuation marks: indicate all the numbers that should be replaced by commas in the sentences.

The painful sincerity of L. Tolstoy and dissatisfaction with himself (1) of course (2) part of his living soul, but the most important thing for us (3) perhaps (4) is how the shoots spiritual development the writer germinate in his work.

Answer:_______________________________________

18. Use punctuation marks : indicate the number(s) that should be replaced by a comma(s) in the sentence.

Goncharov's novel "Oblomov" (1) favorably differed from the moralistic stories of the natural school by the thoroughness and "monographic" picture (2) the natural beginning (3) of which (4) was the image of the hero's ordinary day.

Answer:_______________________________________

19. Use punctuation marks : enter all the numbers that should be replaced by commas in the sentence.

Those who met every minute looked at the clock (1) and (2) when a train appeared in the distance (3) the crowd leaned towards it (4) although this could not speed up the meeting with loved ones.

Answer:_______________________________________

Read the text and complete tasks 20-25.

(1) It was late evening. (2) The home teacher Yegor Alekseich Svoykin, in order not to waste time, went straight from the doctor to the pharmacy.

(3) A tall gentleman with a solidly thrown back head, a stern face and well-groomed whiskers stood on a yellow, shiny desk, apparently a pharmacist. (4) Starting with a small bald spot on the head and ending with long pink nails, everything on this man was carefully ironed, cleaned and as if licked. (5) His frowning eyes looked down on the newspaper lying on the desk. (6) He read.

(7) Svoykin went to the desk and gave the ironed gentleman a recipe. (8) He, without looking at him, took the recipe, read it in the newspaper to the point and, making a slight half-turn of his head to the right, muttered:

It will be ready in an hour.

(9) Is it possible to hurry? Svoykin asked. - (10) It is absolutely impossible for me to wait.

(11) The pharmacist did not answer. (12) Svoykin sank down on the sofa and began to wait.

(13) Svoykin was sick. (14) His mouth was burning, there were pulling pains in his legs and arms, foggy images like clouds and wrapped human figures wandered in his heavy head. (15) Brokenness and head fog took possession of his body more and more, and in order to cheer himself up, he decided to talk to the pharmacist.

(16) I must be starting a fever. (17) My happiness is that I got sick in the capital! (18) God forbid such an attack in a village where there are no doctors and pharmacies!

(19) The pharmacist did not answer Svoykin’s appeal to him with a word or a movement, as if he had not heard.

(20) Having not received an answer to his question, Svoykin began to examine the strict, arrogantly scientific physiognomy of the pharmacist.

“(21) Strange people, by God! he thought. - (22) In a healthy state, you don’t notice these dry, callous physiognomies, but when you get sick, like me now, you will be horrified that the holy cause fell into the hands of this insensitive ironing figure.

(23) Get it! said the pharmacist at last, without looking at Svoykin. - (24) Deposit a ruble six kopecks to the cashier!

(25) Ruble six kopecks? muttered Svoykin, embarrassed. - (26) And I only have one ruble ... (27) How can it be?

(28) I don't know! - the pharmacist rapped out, taking up the newspaper.

(29) In that case, you'll excuse me ... (30) I'll bring you six kopecks tomorrow or send you eventually.

(31) This is impossible! (32) Go home, bring six kopecks, then you will get medicine!

(33) Svoykin left the pharmacy and went to his home. (34) While the teacher got to his room, he sat down to rest five times. (35) Coming to his room and finding several copper coins in the table, he sat down on the bed to rest. (36) Some kind of force pulled his head to the pillow. (37) He lay down, as if for a minute. (38) Foggy images in the form of clouds and wrapped figures began to cloud the mind. (39) For a long time he remembered that he needed to go to the pharmacy, for a long time he forced himself to get up, but the disease took its toll. (40) The coppers spilled out of the fist, and the patient began to dream that he had already gone to the pharmacy and was again talking with the pharmacist there. (According to A.P. Chekhov*)

* Anton Pavlovich Chekhov (1860-1904) - an outstanding Russian writer, a classic of world literature.

20. What does Svoykin's statement say:« In a healthy state, you do not notice these dry, callous physiognomies, but when you get sick, like me now, you will be horrified that the holy cause fell into the hands of this insensitive ironing figure.? Specify the answer numbers.

1) Svoykin believes that the manifestation of callousness and heartlessness does not touch healthy people as much as sick people.

2) According to Svoykin, the “holy” duty of a doctor is to treat not only the body, but also the soul of the patient.

3) Svoykin believes that to healthy people The pharmacist is attentive and sympathetic.

4) Svoykin believes that pharmacists are only at first glance callous and heartless people.

5) The teacher believes that the holy cause - helping the sick - should not be in the hands of insensitive people.

Answer:_______________________________________

21. Which of the following statements are true? Specify the answer numbers.

1) Sentences 7-8 present the narrative.

2) Sentences 3-4 provide a description.

3) Sentences 21-22 contain reasoning.

4) Sentence 33 contains an explanation of what is said in sentence 32.

5) In sentences 34-35 reasoning is presented.

Answer:_______________________________________

22. From sentences 39-40 write out the phraseological unit.

Answer:_______________________________________

23. Among sentences 1-6, find one that is related to the previous one using a demonstrative pronoun and contextual synonyms. Write the number of this offer.

Answer:_______________________________________

Read a fragment of a review based on the text that you analyzed while completing tasks 20 23.

This fragment examines the language features of the text. Some terms used in the review are missing. Fill in the gaps (A, B, C, D) with the numbers corresponding to the number of the term from the list. Write in the table under each letter the corresponding number.

Write the sequence of numbers in the ANSWER FORM No. 1 to the right of the task number 24, starting from the first cell, without spaces, commas and other additional characters.

Write each number in accordance with the samples given in the form.

24. “Anton Pavlovich Chekhov describes an everyday scene in a pharmacy. Paths: (A) ___ (“with well-groomed whiskers” in sentence 3, “frowning eyes” in sentence 5) and (B) _____ (“as if licked” in sentence 4) - create the first strokes to the portrait of the pharmacist. The syntactic means - (C) ____ (sentences 24, 31, 32), which becomes the main one in such a form of speech as (D) ____ (sentences 23-32), - completes its image.

List of terms:

1. epithets

2. metaphor

3. hyperbole

4. colloquial vocabulary

5. parceling

6. dialogue

7. exclamatory sentences

8. rows of homogeneous members of the proposal

9. comparison

Answer:

A

B

IN

G

Part 2

25. Write an essay based on the text you read.

Formulate and comment on one of the problems posed by the author of the text (avoid over-quoting).

Formulate position of the author (narrator). Write whether you agree or disagree with the point of view of the author of the read text. Explain why. Argue your opinion, relying primarily on the reader's experience, as well as on knowledge and life observations (the first two arguments are taken into account).

The volume of the essay is at least 150 words.

A work written without relying on the text read (not on this text) is not evaluated. If the essay is a paraphrase or a complete rewrite of the source text without any comments, then such work is evaluated by zero points.

Write an essay carefully, legible handwriting.

The answers to tasks 1–24 are a word, a phrase, a number or a sequence of words, numbers. Write your answer to the right of the task number without spaces, commas or other additional characters.

Read the text and do tasks 1-3.

(1) Diamonds, rare, but at the same time quite widespread minerals, are extremely hard stones. (2) Therefore, they are often used not only for the production of diamonds, but also for the manufacture of cutting and grinding discs, wheels and other tools. (3) _____ the well-known dental bur covered with diamond grit.

1

Which of the following sentences correctly conveys the MAIN information contained in the text?

1. Diamonds are used for the production of diamonds and dental equipment.

2. Diamond grit is used as the main component of dental bur because of its hardness.

3. Diamonds, which have a special hardness, are used for the production of diamonds and in the manufacture of cutting and grinding tools.

4. The use of diamonds for the manufacture of sharpening and cutting tools, and not only for the production of diamonds, is due to their special hardness.

5. The well-known dental bur, like many other cutting tools, is covered with diamond chips.

2

Which of the following words (combinations of words) should be in place of the gap in the third (3) sentence of the text? Write down this word (combination of words).

1. On the contrary,

2. Contrary to this,

3

Read the fragment of the dictionary entry, which gives the meaning of the word TOOL. Determine the meaning in which this word is used in the second (2) sentence of the text. Write down the number corresponding to this value in the given fragment of the dictionary entry.

TOOL, -a, m.

1. A tool for the production of some. works. Manual and., machine and. Control and measuring and. Surgical and.

2. collected. The same as the toolkit.

3. The same as a musical instrument. Stringed instruments. Impact and.

4. transfer. A means, a method used to achieve something. (book). I. knowledge.

4

In one of the words below, a mistake was made in setting the stress: the letter denoting the stressed vowel is highlighted INCORRECTLY. Write out this word.

pampered

5

In one of the sentences below, the underlined word is WRONGLY used. Correct the mistake and write the word correctly.

1. Flooding from jam-type floods, which do not depend much on the water content of the year, should be EXPECTED in April and May.

2. There is a proven method for cleaning short pile fur: the soiled fur should be rubbed with hot mashed potatoes, and then thoroughly DISCONNECTED.

3. The greatest misunderstanding of Moscow SUBSCRIPTIONS causes the need to pay a subscription fee for using the line.

4. The new company was registered under a beautiful, SOUNDING name.

5. A FISHING BOAT went out to sea.

6

In one of the words highlighted below, a mistake was made in the formation of the word form. Correct the mistake and write the word correctly.

FOUR STRINGS

all DIRECTORS of gymnasiums

Shortest way

jump MORE HIGHER

TRY to solve

7

Establish a correspondence between the sentences and the grammatical errors made in them: for each position of the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.

OFFERSGRAMMATICAL ERRORS
A) Those who work enthusiastically in any field of knowledge are drawn to innovation. 1) incorrect use of the case form of a noun with a preposition
B) Leaving on a business trip, the father promised that he would definitely return by the holidays. 2) violation of the connection between the subject and the predicate
C) Due to the long absence of the boat, an aircraft was sent to search for the ship, which came out with a special mission during a storm. 3) violation in the construction of a proposal with an inconsistent application
D) Thanks to the application of the new method, brilliant results were achieved. 4) an error in constructing a sentence with homogeneous members
E) In the family archive there is a message from the actor Shchepkin, in which he writes that “it is with heartache that I announce the closure of the theater in Tiflis.” 5) incorrect construction of a sentence with a participial turnover
6) violation in the construction of a sentence with participial turnover
7) incorrect sentence construction with indirect speech

Write your answer in numbers without spaces or other characters.

8

Determine the word in which the unstressed checked vowel of the root is missing. Write out this word by inserting the missing letter.

adj..live

to.. combination

zak..renely

prep..roaring

9

Determine the row in which the same letter is missing in both words in the prefix. Write these words out with the missing letter.

by..piral, o..fed

pr .. able, pr .. sek

under..sent, n..break

10

Write down the word in which the letter E is written in place of the gap.

in love .. out

annoying .. out

assign..vat

bewildered..wat

turn..turn

11

Write down the word in which the letter I is written in place of the gap.

adorable..my

look.. you look

mined..my

prick..sh

finished

12

Identify the sentence in which NOT with the word is spelled CONTINUOUSLY. Open the brackets and write out this word.

1. Our satellite also (NOT) SAT idly.

2. (NOT) ENDING vineyards stretched around.

3. The travelers went to the shore, which was still (NOT) overgrown with ice.

4. (NOT) SACKING for a minute, the guys packed their bags.

5. The house, which grew before our eyes in just six months, was (NOT) IMMEDIATELY accepted by the commission.

13

Determine the sentence in which both underlined words are spelled ONE. Open the brackets and write out these two words.

1. TO (WOULD) NOT see what is happening, I closed my eyes, but in the SAME (SAME) moment, thunder stunned me.

2. WHAT (WHAT) amateurs may say, one must be prepared to understand classical music, (FOR) BECAUSE it is not so easy to master a complex art.

3. The father did not dare to ask what was the matter, and at the SAME time he did not understand (FROM) WHAT the house became so deserted.

4. The Great Silk Road began in China, (FOR) THAT went through Central Asia, Persia, the Middle East, and (FROM) THERE to Europe.

5. All the work of the writer Evgeny Nosov (IN) GENERALLY is (THAT) THE BIGGEST wise book that helps people to be kinder, more generous.

14

Indicate all the numbers in the place of which HH is written.

In the heroes of his paintings, Pablo Picasso wanted to see the carriers of the truth (1) hidden from ordinary people, accessible only to the inner (2) man’s gaze, his exalted (3) nature.

15

Set up punctuation marks. Indicate the numbers of sentences in which you need to put ONE comma.

1. The violin melody rang in the dusk of the night and its gentle echoes gradually dissolved in the noise of the surf.

2. There are various versions and hypotheses about the origin and meaning of the name of this plant.

3. In the long autumn evenings we read aloud or just sat by the fireplace.

4. The knights either conquered new cities or lost all their acquisitions, then again prepared for campaigns.

5. Rudolf Nureyev masterfully mastered the technique of both classical and modern dance.

16

The road (1) turning to the right (2) went through a huge field (3) sown with spring crops (4) and went deep into the forest.

17

Place punctuation marks: indicate all the numbers in the place of which commas should be in the sentences.

The painful sincerity of L. Tolstoy and dissatisfaction with himself (1) of course (2) part of his living soul, but the most important thing for us (3) perhaps (4) is how the shoots of the writer's spiritual development sprout in his work.

18

Place punctuation marks: indicate all the numbers in the place of which commas should be in the sentence.

Goncharov's novel "Oblomov" (1) favorably differed from the moralistic stories of the natural school by the thoroughness and "monographic" picture (2) the natural beginning (3) of which (4) was the image of the hero's ordinary day.

19

Place punctuation marks: indicate all the numbers in the place of which commas should be in the sentence.

Those who met every minute looked at the clock (1) and (2) when a train appeared in the distance (3) the crowd leaned towards it (4) although this could not speed up the meeting with loved ones.

20

Edit the sentence: correct the lexical error by excluding the extra word. Write out this word.

A torrential downpour turned a small stream into a raging stream.

Read the text and complete tasks 21-26.

(1) It was late evening. (2) The home teacher Yegor Alekseich Svoykin, in order not to waste time, went straight from the doctor to the pharmacy.

(3) A tall gentleman with a solidly thrown back head, a stern face and well-groomed whiskers stood on a yellow, shiny desk, apparently a pharmacist. (4) Starting with a small bald spot on the head and ending with long pink nails, everything on this man was carefully ironed, cleaned and as if licked. (5) His frowning eyes looked down on the newspaper lying on the desk. (6) He read.

(7) Svoykin went to the desk and gave the ironed gentleman a recipe. (8) He, without looking at him, took the recipe, read it in the newspaper to the point and, making a slight half-turn of his head to the right, muttered:

It will be ready in an hour.

- (9) Is it possible to hurry? - asked Svoykin. - (10) It is absolutely impossible for me to wait.

(11) The pharmacist did not answer. (12) Svoykin sank down on the sofa and began to wait.

(13) Svoykin was sick. (14) His mouth was burning, there were pulling pains in his legs and arms, foggy images like clouds and wrapped human figures wandered in his heavy head. (15) Brokenness and head fog took possession of his body more and more, and in order to cheer himself up, he decided to talk to the pharmacist.

- (16) I must be getting a fever. (17) My happiness is that I got sick in the capital! (18) God forbid such an attack in a village where there are no doctors and pharmacies!

(19) The pharmacist did not answer Svoykin’s appeal to him with a word or a movement, as if he had not heard.

(20) Having not received an answer to his question, Svoykin began to examine the strict, arrogantly scientific physiognomy of the pharmacist.

“(21) Strange people, by God! - he thought. - (22) In a healthy state, you don’t notice these dry, callous physiognomies, but when you get sick, like me now, you will be horrified that the holy cause fell into the hands of this insensitive ironing figure.

- (23) Get it! - the pharmacist finally said, without looking at Svoykin. - (24) Deposit a ruble and six kopecks into the cashier!