How are acid burns treated after flushing. What to do with an alkali burn? Chemical burns with acids

From a chemical point of view, an acid is a substance, which includes hydrogen atoms (capable of being replaced by metal atoms) and an acid residue.

Acetic acid, malic, citric, ascorbic (vitamin C), oxalic and some other acids are familiar to us in everyday life. This is the so-called. organic acids, that is, synthesized by living organisms.

In the chemical industry, there are inorganic acidic compounds, for example, the well-known sulfuric (H2SO4) or hydrochloric (HC1) acid.

All acids are distinguished by an irritating effect (to one degree or another) on the human body.

What are the types of acid burns?

1st degree burn: moderate redness appears, the affected area burns and hurts.

2nd degree burn: more intense redness, swelling appears, severe pain, blisters may appear on the skin.

3rd degree burn: skin necrosis, burn sites change their color (may become completely white, or vice versa, darken), the tissues around the burn turn red, severe pain.

4 degree burn: necrosis of the skin, subcutaneous tissue, muscles, sharp pain.

How to provide first aid in case of acid contact with the skin?

1. First of all, it is recommended to thoroughly rinse the burnt area with running water (for 15-20 minutes) to reduce the concentration of the chemical. After that, wash the affected area again with soapy water or a solution baking soda(a teaspoon of soda in a glass of water).

2. Try not to touch the burnt area with your hands, this can lead to acid residue getting on you and causing pain to the victim. In general, all manipulations are best done with tight gloves.

3. Release the burnt surface of the skin from clothing, if you can’t remove it, cut it off with scissors. However, do not peel the fabric from the surface of the skin if it is not removable.

4. If a person is in shock (he turned pale, breathing quickens, the pulse is barely palpable), 15-20 drops of valerian tincture should be given to the victim.

5. After providing first aid, be sure to consult a doctor.

Which burns should not be washed with water?

Remember that washing is contraindicated in case of burns with quicklime or organic aluminum compounds, which become much more active when in contact with water. The area affected by lime should be treated vegetable oil, with which to remove a chemical compound from the surface of the skin, and then make a lotion from a 5% solution of citric or acetic acid. Aluminum compounds should be treated with kerosene or unleaded gasoline. If phenol gets on the skin, use a 40% solution of ethyl alcohol, if phosphoric acid gets in, first remove phosphorus particles from the skin, and then wash it with a 5% copper sulfate solution or potassium permanganate solution.

If acid gets into your eyes or mouth?

Read also:

Acid can enter the mouth or eyes as a liquid, vapor, or gas. In this case, it is necessary to rinse them with plenty of water, and then with a solution of baking soda at the rate of half a teaspoon per glass of water or a weak solution of potassium permanganate. Open the victim's eyelids over a sink and gently irrigate the eyeball with a small stream.

If acid enters the esophagus, the first step is to call a doctor. The victim should be laid down and wrapped warmly, mucus and saliva should be removed from the mouth as they occur. If the victim feels sick, you can give him water in order to dilute the concentrated acid that has entered the body, but not more than three glasses. It is dangerous to induce nausea, because when the acid moves back through the esophagus, it can again injure the mucous membrane.

If there are signs of suffocation, the victim must be given mouth-to-nose artificial respiration, as the larynx was burned with acid.

What should not be done?

1. Burned areas should not be lubricated with fats, ointments or sprinkled with starch.

2. Do not open blisters if they are formed from a burn on the surface of the skin.

3. Do not use swabs, towels or wipes to remove acid from the victim - by doing so, you will only rub them into the skin.

4. If you are not sure what kind of acid you have suffered from, you should not try to neutralize it yourself! Simply wash the damaged area with water and a baking soda solution.

5. Never leave the victim without professional medical assistance. The first aid provided by you does not cancel the call for an ambulance.

chemical burn- this is an injury to the shell, and sometimes the deep layers of the skin, due to the impact of an aggressive chemical reagent on it. It is quite easy to get damaged, because a modern person, even at home, is surrounded by a lot of chemicals.

As a rule, household injuries are easily tolerated, as they are not deep. Industrial damage is much more severe, since in these cases people come into contact with more dangerous reagents.

Features of the disease

Children and men are more susceptible to injury. If in the latter case the risk is associated with professional activities, then children get damaged in domestic conditions when they come into contact with acetic acid, household chemicals, etc.

Chemical burns with different reagents can be fundamentally different from each other. Some do not bring such deep injuries and proceed more easily, affecting only the surface layers.

Alkali and acid burns are considered the most dangerous, as they affect even deep tissues. Acid leads not only to destruction, but also to active dehydration, so the scab will be dry and dense. Alkalis penetrate deep into the skin very quickly, as they have the ability to dissolve fat and protein components of cells. The scab with such damage is soft, has no borders.

Chemical burn of the skin (photo)

About 1, 2, 3, 4 degrees of chemical burns, read on.

Degrees of chemical burns

For chemical burns:

• I degree. Damage affects the epidermis. This is a minor injury, without an abundance of clinical manifestations, which does not carry any serious consequences.
• II degree. There is already damage to the dermis up to the papillary layer. The main nervous and vascular structures remain intact. Blisters are already present here, symptoms (hyperemia, pain) become brighter.
• III a. Both the papillary layer and the elements involved in microcirculation are injured. On the surface of the skin, there may be an open burn wound or a large blister with bloody contents.
• III b. The skin is burned down to the fiber.
• IV degree. Deep tissues suffer - muscles, tendons, subcutaneous fat. Sometimes the injury even extends to the bone.

This video will tell you what a chemical burn is:

Causes

You can get injured due to contact with various reagents:

• volatile oils (phosphorus, bitumen);
• acid (acetic, hydrochloric, hydrofluoric);
• household chemicals;
• alkalis (barium, potassium hydroxide);
• chemical compounds (gasoline, pesticides);
• salts of heavy metals (zinc chloride, silver nitrate).

Symptoms

Symptoms depend on the depth and extent of the lesion. It may include the following features:

• pain,
• redness,
• bubbles,
• brown or dark wound.

The resulting scab will have a different texture, depending on the substance that provoked the chemical burn. Wet it will be with an alkaline substance. Such an injury usually captures a large area of ​​the skin. With acid damage, the area of ​​\u200b\u200bdamage is clearly visible, the scab itself is dry.

The shade of the skin may also change, depending on the substance acting on it.

Diagnostics

Much attention is paid to interviewing the patient or witnesses who saw the moment of injury, since it is possible to determine with accuracy how much damage the burn caused only after a few days. Also reveal the depth and breadth of the injury.

Read below about a chemical burn of the skin and its treatment at home, as well as in stationary conditions.

Treatment

First aid

On time when chemical form burns require first aid. It includes a number of actions:

1. It is necessary to remove clothing if it has had time to soak in the reagent, and then wash it off the skin. It is best to expose the limb to a cold jet, as the liquid must drain from the area, and not remain on the body. Wiping the affected area with a towel and even immersing it in the sink is strictly prohibited! It is necessary to wash off the reagent for about half an hour, and if it is very aggressive, such as alkali, then this should be done longer. It is also necessary to keep the affected area under the stream for a long time in cases where the substance has been on the skin for about 15 minutes.
2. Next, follow the sensations. If a burning sensation occurs, it is necessary to repeat the procedure for washing off the reagent.
3. If you know what substance caused the burn, you can neutralize its destructive effect on the skin. So, if acid provoked an injury, a weak concentration of an alkaline solution (for example, from soda) is prepared, and then the surface is washed. If alkali became the cause of the pathology, then a weak acid solution (citric, acetic) is used. When the nature of the substance is unknown, it is better not to wash the skin with anything, only with water.
4. In the future, a bandage is applied to the affected area. It can be dry or impregnated with novocaine solution. Ointments and antiseptics are not applied, so as not to prevent doctors from determining the main burn criteria that affect treatment tactics - its degree and depth.

Washing the injured area with ordinary running water is prohibited in cases where the burn was obtained due to organic aluminum compounds.

Physiotherapy method

Physiotherapy treatment is connected at the later stages of healing. Physiotherapy simultaneously stimulates tissues for better regeneration and restores the person's defenses, improves blood flow and prevents microbial activity in the wound. For the treatment of chemical burns, such types of physiotherapy are used as:

• infrared radiation,
• ultraviolet or
• ultrasound.

About what remedy to choose and how to treat a chemical burn at home and in a hospital, read below.

About what is the first aid for chemical burns, this video will tell:

Medical method

A conservative treatment method is usually used for injuries of I, II, III a degrees. Bandages are regularly applied to the skin, under which ointments or special antiseptic compounds are applied. This is enough if the burn is limited. In cases where it affects large areas of tissues, infusion therapy, detoxification and antibacterial measures are additionally carried out. All procedures take place in the burn unit.

Treat damage locally in order to create good conditions healing, accelerate regeneration, and at the same time prevent the development of pathogenic microflora in the wound. First, from chemical burns of the skin, it is better to use ointments with a light texture (water-soluble). These include:

• Oflokain,
• Levosin,

These medicines will help clean the wound from necrotic mass and speed up recovery. For mild burns, you can still use:

• Bepanten,
• Agrosulfan,

If the damage is deep, then ointments will be used already at the very last stage, when healing begins actively.

Operation

Surgical intervention is carried out not in the early, but in the remote period. The method of operation is selected individually. There are several of them:

1. Amputation. It is used only for very severe injuries, when saving the limb is not possible. Sometimes they resort to this intervention when the necrosis spreads to healthy areas of the tissue or if other methods have not been effective.
2. Necrotomy. The intervention technique consists in excising the formed scab, which helps to restore the general blood supply in the damaged area. This is the only operation that can be performed urgently, as it is designed to prevent the spread of necrosis.
3. necrectomy used for 3rd degree burns if its area is limited. They perform a very thorough cleaning of the wound from dead tissue, which has a beneficial effect on the overall recovery, as purulent processes are prevented.
4. Staged necrectomy represents the intervention described above, only the operation is carried out in parts. A gentle technique helps to better tolerate the removal of extensive lesions.
5. Skin transplantation. If the injury has captured a large area, then the patient is transplanted with his own or donor skin.

Disease prevention

Compliance with safety when working with any chemical compounds. If the profession is associated with the need to use caustic acids, then the employee must undergo special training.

To prevent a household chemical burn, you need:

• keep all chemical products tightly closed;
• clean containers in hard-to-reach places;
• do not store aggressive substances near food and medicines;
• contact with toxic products only if the exposed surface of the body is protected;
• do not allow the compounds to evaporate, and if this happens, be sure to ventilate the room.

Complications

Some substances tend to ignite spontaneously, which creates the danger of obtaining additional. We must not forget that the compounds can be poisonous. In this case, they will have an even more detrimental effect not only at the site of the burn, but also on the entire body.

The most common complications that occur with chemical burns are:

1. Kidney dysfunction (2%).
2. Sepsis (1%).
3. Shock (6%).
4. Lung problems (2%).
5. Toxemia (15%).

Forecast

The prognosis is greatly influenced by the depth of the burn and a number of other features:

• aggressiveness and concentration of the reagent;
• how long was the contact with the substance;
• general health;
• the amount of the chemical;
• skin sensitivity.

With the first two degrees of burns, healing is active even without active drug therapy. Less favorable prognosis for III and IV degrees of injury.

About what to do if a child has a chemical burn of the eye, Dr. Komarovsky himself will tell in this video:

Any chemical burn, as well as thermal burn itself, is characterized by damage to the human body upon contact with chemicals that can cause tissue destruction.

These are in most cases acid, alkali, volatile oils, bitumen, kerosene and gasoline, phosphorus, etc. Moreover, most often the affected areas belong to the upper limbs, less often to the lower ones, and even more rarely to the trunk. But sometimes the eyes, face or organs of the esophagus and the oral cavity suffer from such a burn.

It should be borne in mind that the consequences of such a burn depend on the depth, severity of penetration and concentration of the chemical, as well as on the quality of timely treatment. In this material, we will consider the types of chemical burns, their photos, and also find out what first aid should be given to a person at home with a chemical burn of the skin.

Degrees of chemical burns

With such burns, the skin of the face, hands, esophagus and stomach are most often affected. The main substances that cause burns are acids (sulphuric, hydrochloric, nitric, hydrofluoric, etc.), alkalis (caustic soda, caustic potash, etc.), gasoline, kerosene, salts. heavy metals(zinc chloride, silver nitrate, etc.), some volatile oils, phosphorus, bitumen.

The severity of damage to the skin and mucous membranes in a chemical burn depends on the concentration of the substance and the duration of its action on the tissue. In total, it is customary to distinguish 4 degrees of severity of burns with chemicals:

• 4 degree . The lesion affects all tissues, including the skin, muscles and tendons.
• 3 degree. Those layers of the skin that are located near the adipose subcutaneous tissue are affected. The characteristic features characteristic of a burn of this degree are the appearance of blisters with a cloudy liquid or with an admixture of blood. In the affected area, sensitivity is disturbed, that is, the victim does not feel pain within it.
• 2 degree. In this case, the lesion affects, in addition to the upper layer of the skin, also its deeper layers. A burn of this degree is characterized by manifestations in the form of swelling and redness, in addition, bubbles filled with a liquid of a transparent color also appear.
• 1 degree . Only the top layer of the skin is affected. Among the main manifestations that accompany this type of burn, there is a slight swelling and redness of the skin. In addition, mild pain also occurs in the affected area.

It is noteworthy that the signs of a chemical burn are not fully manifested immediately, therefore, their degree can be assessed only after first aid is provided. The first symptom is a burning pain at the site where the chemical has entered, and slight redness. If you do not immediately begin to provide assistance, the burn will go from 1 degree to 2 or even 3, as the substance continues to act, penetrating deeper and deeper into the tissue layers.

First aid for chemical burns

At home, first aid for chemical burns of the skin includes: prompt removal of the chemical from the affected surface, reducing the concentration of its residues on the skin by washing with plenty of water for 15-30 minutes, cooling the affected areas to reduce pain.

1. At acid chemical burns for neutralization, a 2-3% solution of baking soda is used.
2. For burns with alkalis - 1-2% solution of citric, boric or acetic acid.
3. In case of lime burns, first dry lime residues are removed and only then the affected area is washed off for a long time and vigorously.
4. In case of burns with phosphorus, it is necessary to throw off burning clothing or throw any cloth moistened with water over the burning surface. Extinguish the flame of phosphorus with a stream of water from the tap or a 1-2% solution of copper sulphate. All visible particles of phosphorus are removed with tweezers, after which a bandage is applied to the burned surface, abundantly moistened with a 2% solution of copper sulfate, a 5% solution of bicarbonate of soda or a 3-5% solution of potassium permanganate.

Then you can apply a sterile gauze dressing, but not cotton - you can not use it. In the process of neutralizing the chemical agent, clothing in contact with the burned area, watches and jewelry are carefully removed from the victim. To reduce the inflammatory process, the affected area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe skin is washed with cool water, and the victim must be given a strong analgesic (pain can be up to loss of consciousness).

For chemical burns seek emergency medical attention, if:

1. The victim has signs of shock (loss of consciousness, pallor, shallow breathing).
2. The victim feels severe pain that cannot be relieved with, for example, acetaminophen or ibuprofen.
3. The chemical burn has spread deeper than the first layer of skin and covers an area with a diameter of more than 7.5 cm.
4. The eyes, hands, feet, face, groin area, buttocks or large joint, as well as the oral cavity and esophagus (if the victim has drunk the chemical) are affected.

When you go to the emergency room, take a container with the chemical or its detailed description for identification. The known nature of the chemical makes it possible, when providing assistance in a hospital, to neutralize it, which is usually difficult to do at home.

Chemical burn of the esophagus

It may happen that the chemical has entered the esophagus and stomach. This may be intentional or it may be an accident. Very often, such substances are battery electrolyte and vinegar essence.

More rare cases are the ingestion of alkalis or concentrated acids into the esophagus and stomach. The victim has severe pain in the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, larynx and stomach. If the larynx is affected, the patient may feel a lack of air. Vomiting appears with bloody mucus and pieces of the gastric mucosa, which is separated due to the burn.

Because this kind burns spread very quickly, the patient needs immediate first aid, which includes, first of all, gastric lavage. It can be washed with a solution of baking soda in case of an acid burn, or with a weak solution of acetic acid in case of an alkali burn. In this case, a person needs to be given to drink not just a large, but a really huge amount of liquid, which will make it possible to completely get rid of the chemical component.

With such burns, you should call an ambulance as soon as possible or take the patient to the hospital yourself.

Chemical burn of the eye

A chemical burn of the eye is always considered a severe situation in terms of treatment in ophthalmology. It all depends on the degree of damage, on the agent, on the depth of penetration. Such a burn can sometimes lead not only to a weakening of vision, but even to its complete loss.

• Chemical burn of the eye with acid is the "easy" to treat compared to other types of agents.
• Chemical burn of the eye with alkali is difficult to treat because it causes hydrolysis of the protein structure itself, which destroys cells and can quickly lead to wet necrosis. This can affect the intraocular fluid and significantly increase intraocular pressure.

In case of a chemical burn of the eye, as a first aid, it is necessary to do an abundant rinsing and urgently contact a specialist, it is better to call an ambulance.

Thermal skin burn

Thermal burns are caused by exposure to fire, steam, hot water(boiling water), sunlight, etc. Most often, thermal burns are from fire, they are 84 per 1000 victims. The second place is occupied by thermal burns received from hot liquids, the third place is taken by electrical burns.

Such burns come in three degrees:

• I degree - redness of the skin, swelling of the skin;
• II degree - the appearance of blisters filled with a clear liquid at the burn site;
• III degree - thermal burns of the third degree are divided into two types: IIIA (dermal, damage to the upper layers of the skin) and IIIB (necrosis of all layers of the skin when a necrotic scab forms).

Chemical burns can cause irreparable harm to human health.

Therefore, it is very important to be able to provide first aid to the victim. From this, in most cases, the degree of damage and the consequences of the burn will depend.

It is important to understand the essential difference between chemical and thermal burns. In case of burns with chemical reagents, it is necessary to clearly know the antidote substances that neutralize the effects of a particular chemical reagent. What to do with a chemical burn? How to treat a chemical burn? Is it possible to cope with the treatment of a chemical burn at home? Everything in order - in this collection of material.

Chemical burn of the skin: features, symptoms, diagnosis

A chemical burn is a violation of the integrity of the tissues of the human body under the influence of agents of a chemical nature.

This type of burn often becomes more dangerous than thermal burn. This is due to the type of aggressive chemical and the duration of the reagent. The process of cell destruction and chemical absorption can continue even after the chemical component has been eliminated, which often complicates the timely determination of the extent of the lesion.

Chemical burns occur as a result of non-compliance with safety regulations when working with chemical reagents or in case of accidents at home (intentionally or through negligence).

External symptoms of chemical burns differ depending on the action of the chemical. Most often, acid or alkaline preparations become the source of damage.

• When exposed to skin alkali , the resulting scab is looser, with blurred boundaries. Alkaline fluids are able to penetrate deeper into the skin than acids, causing more widespread damage to soft tissues.
• Skin exposed to acid , at the site of the lesion, a dense, dry crust (eschar) with clear contours is formed.

Burns caused by exposure chemical acids, in most cases are superficial. By the color of the affected skin, you can determine the name of the acting acid.

• Upon contact with sulfuric acid, the skin becomes first white, then gray. With prolonged contact, the burn acquires a darker, brown hue.
• Effects on the skin nitric acid leads to a change in the skin to yellow-green or brown-yellow color (depending on the duration of contact).
• After exposure of hydrochloric acid , the skin turns visibly yellow.
• The burn caused acetic acid becomes dark brown.
• carboxylic acid causes whitening of the area of ​​damaged skin, which eventually changes to a brown color.

It is possible to accurately diagnose the degree of damage only after a few days (when suppuration of the scab area begins). The longer the effect of chemical components on the tissues of the body and the larger the area of ​​damage, the more dangerous the burn for human health and life. Therefore, in case of chemical burns, it is very important to provide first aid to the victim, and then immediately seek qualified medical assistance.

It is in the hospital that, by the nature of the damage, the depth of penetration, the concentration of the chemical reagent and the duration of its exposure, the degree of the chemical burn received will be determined and treatment will be prescribed.

No less dangerous is general toxic poisoning of the body with an aggressive chemical component. Therefore, it is sometimes difficult to diagnose by the area of ​​damaged skin, all Negative influence reagent on the human body and possible consequences.

In addition to skin damage, a chemical burn can damage the eyes or internal organs especially the gastrointestinal tract. body parts with thin skin(face, skin folds, genital area) are more affected, since there is the smallest thickness of the epidermis.

Degrees of chemical burns

There are 4 main degrees of chemical burns.

• Idegree

Only the top layer of the skin is affected, there is a slight swelling and redness of the area. The burn is accompanied by moderate painful sensations treatment is carried out at home.

• IIdegree

In a second-degree burn, not only the top layer of the skin is damaged, but also the lower tissues. The burn is accompanied by swelling, redness and the appearance of bubbles with a clear serous fluid. The level of soreness and sensitivity becomes higher than in the first degree, but with a small burn area, the patient does not need hospitalization.

• IIIdegree

There is a deep damage and necrosis of tissues, up to fatty subcutaneous tissue. Small blisters with a cloudy liquid, sometimes with blood, appear on the damaged area. The sensitivity of the skin is significantly reduced and the patient practically does not feel pain at the burn site. The victim needs hospitalization, as spontaneous wound healing often becomes impossible.

• IVdegree

The most dangerous degree, in which not only skin and muscle tissues are deeply affected, but also tendons and bones. Surgical care is provided in a hospital setting.

Rules for the treatment of chemical burns

There are a number of rules, the use of which in emergency situations will help to significantly alleviate the condition of the victim and reduce the effect of the reagent on the body.

• First aid for chemical burns should be provided without delay and fuss. You need to act calmly and judiciously. How well and correctly the first aid is provided to the victim will depend on the success of further treatment.
• It is especially important to know the rules for providing first aid to people working with chemicals. Indeed, in such situations, the risks of getting a chemical injury are much greater.

• Knowledge of the main antidotes listed below will help to quickly neutralize the active substance influencing.
• After receiving first aid, the patient must definitely consult a doctor in order to exclude possible negative consequences after a burn.
• The main rule of first aid is not to harm the victim.
• The key rules for the treatment of chemical burns, in addition to providing qualified first aid to the victim, come down to drying the wound, treating it with antiseptics (so that there is no suppuration) and using drugs that improve blood circulation and tissue regeneration processes.

First aid for chemical burns

First health care with chemical burns, it can radically change the subsequent treatment process, both for the better and for the worse. Therefore, before helping the victim, you need to be 100% sure of your knowledge so as not to harm the injured person.

• First of all, with a chemical burn, it is important to stop the action of the chemical agent. Therefore, if the substance gets on clothing, it must be immediately removed or cut.
• If there are residues of powder chemicals on the skin, they are first shaken off the skin and only then the residues are washed off.
• The damaged area of ​​the skin is thoroughly washed with running water, thereby reducing the concentration of the chemical, the depth of its penetration, cooling the skin and reducing pain. Wash the wound for 10-30 minutes.

The exception is burns caused by alkali, quicklime, organoaluminum compounds!

• If the burn is caused by acid the affected area of ​​the skin washed with 1-2% soda solution and then apply a swab dipped in ammonia solution(alcohol diluted with water). You can not "repay" the burn with an alkali solution - this will lead to a new burn, only already caused by alkali. Diluted acid is more dangerous than concentrated acid. This is due to the fact that highly concentrated acid instantly causes proteins to coagulate, forming a dense scab, preventing the burn from deepening. Especially dangerous is exposure to the skin of highly toxic hydrofluoric acid, used, for example, for glass etching.
• Burn caused by alkali dangerous for its rapid penetration deep into the tissues. Such a burn cannot be rinsed with water. The hydroxyl group of an alkali under the action of water will contribute to a deeper penetration of the chemical into human tissues. Affected area of ​​skin washed with a 1-2% solution of acetic or citric acid (not concentrated).
• Burn caused by quicklime also cannot be treated with water, since the interaction forms slaked lime (strong base). In this situation, it is better to lubricate the burn site with grease and consult a doctor.
• Burn caused by pesticides and herbicides, process ethyl alcohol or gasoline. After providing first aid, the victim should be taken to the hospital for the introduction of an antidote drug.
• Phosphorus burn site, immersed completely in water to prevent spontaneous combustion of the reagent. After that, removing the phosphorus particles present on the skin, apply a bandage soaked in a weak solution. potassium permanganate.

• Phenolic burn neutralized with a solution alcohol or vodka.

• After washing and neutralizing the chemical reagent, the burn should be applied sterile dry bandage.

Cotton wool for a bandage can not be used!

• With strong painful sensations the patient can be given analgesic drug.
• Before the arrival of the ambulance, the victim should drink as much liquid as possible (for example, tea or mineral water).

Treatment of chemical burns

• The main rule for the treatment of chemical burns, including at home, is to use medicines only after consulting and examining a doctor. For the sake of safety and a positive effect, you should not self-medicate, risking your health and life.
• For the treatment of chemical burns of the skin, it is recommended to lubricate the affected area with special medicinal ointments ( Fusiderm, Solcoseryl). Burns caused by chemicals require subsequent cell regeneration and blood supply, which is what the above ointments are aimed at.
• An excellent restoring, disinfecting, healing and drying effect is also provided by such drugs like Bepanthen, Panthenol, ichthyol ointment, sea buckthorn oil.
• Alcohol free iodine or preparations containing silver have an antiseptic, disinfectant, drying and analgesic effect.
• There are also folk recipes that promote wound healing after thermal and chemical burns. These include compresses based on medicinal herbs: chamomile, oak bark, hop cones. Having prepared decoctions from these herbs, take a sterile bandage, moisten and apply to the wound for 15 minutes. You can prepare a healing ointment based on aloe leaves. To do this, take 2-3 leaves of aloe, wash them, cut off the thorns and grind them into a "slurry". Melted fat (pork or interior) is added to this mass; after cooling - the ointment is ready for use. Application folk recipes However, it is best to discuss with your doctor.

Xchemical burneyes

Chemical burn of the eye is one of the most difficult aspects in terms of treatment in ophthalmology. The danger of such burns lies in the possible weakening or complete loss of vision. This directly depends on the degree of damage, the depth of penetration and, directly, the type of chemical reagent that has entered the eye.

• In practice, a chemical burn of the eye with an acid is considered less difficult than an alkaline solution. This is due to the fact that acids provoke instant coagulation of proteins and, therefore, not deep penetration of the reagent. The exceptions are nitric, sulfuric, hydrofluoric acids. If alkali enters the eye, the reagent destroys cells and can lead to tissue necrosis.
• First aid for chemical burns of the eye is reduced to abundant washing of the eye and calling an ambulance. At home, it is impossible to provide qualified assistance with such lesions.

Xchemical burn of the mouth or esophagus

• This type of burns is one of the most difficult to treat and recover.
• In such situations, it is impossible to provide first aid by neutralizing the chemical agent. Only if we are talking about a chemical burn of the oral cavity, you can try to rinse the oral mucosa with water before the ambulance arrives (if this is allowed by the type of chemical involved).
• The main task of providing first aid for burns of the digestive system is to urgently call an ambulance.

Xchemical burn of the face

• Facial skin is thin and sensitive, and with severe chemical burns, a chemical reagent can disrupt the regenerating function of skin cells, which leads to the formation of scar tissue. From an aesthetic point of view, such "traces" on the face disfigure the appearance of a person, give rise to psychological problems. From a medical point of view, rough scars disrupt the motor and excretory function of the skin.

• Nowadays, it has become popular cosmetic procedure like peeling fruit acids. With the wrong dosage and concentration of the acid solution, a shallow first-degree chemical burn may also occur. Such a cosmetic burn often requires a subsequent rather long course of treatment.

Thus, chemical burns pose a serious danger to human health and life, and therefore require qualified medical treatment. But, having information about the features different kind burns and their treatment, you can provide first aid to the victim in time. Correct and timely actions before the arrival of an ambulance can significantly alleviate the patient's condition and contribute to his speedy recovery.

Chemical burn, photo

Video: "First Aid for Chemical Burns"