Presentation on the theme of the new year slides. Presentation “The New Year is coming around the world. And sparkles on the fly
Marina Syrchikova
Presentation "Magical New Year"
HOLIDAYS ARE GREAT! HOLIDAYS IS BRIGHT AND BEAUTIFUL! ABOUT THE HOLIDAYS THAT ALL PEOPLE IN OUR COUNTRY OR EVEN ALL OVER THE WORLD WE WILL TALK ABOUT! NEW YEAR. AT ALL CITY SQUARE AND IN APARTMENTS APPEAR FANTASTIC CHRISTMAS. AND UNDER THEM YOU CAN FIND THE WANTED GIFT. EARLY 18TH CENTURY (In 1700) BY THE DECREE OF TSAR PETER THE FIRST NEW THE YEAR IN RUSSIA STARTED TO BE CELEBRATED IN THE WINTER - AS IN EUROPE. AT THE FIRST TIME THE CELEBRATIONS WAS HELD IN MOSCOW, BUT A FEW YEARS LATER THEY WERE TRANSFERRED TO ST. PETERSBURG. EXACTLY AT MIDNIGHT THE CHIME chimes AND IT COMES NEW YEAR. EVERY COUNTRY, EVERY PEOPLE HAS ITS OWN TRADITIONS OF CELEBRATING THE NEW YEAR. IN GREECE, INSTEAD OF THE CHRISTMAS TREE, THE POMEGRANATE TREE IS DESIGNED, IN INDIA, THE BANANA TREE. FLUFFY FOREST BEAUTY HAS LONG BECAME A SYMBOL OF THIS WONDERFUL HOLIDAY. FIRST, OUR ANCESTORS HANGED APPLES, NUTS, CANDIES, COOKIES ON THE BRANCHES, PLACED AND LIGHTED CANDLES. THE STAR-SYMBOL OF THE SUN WAS FIXED ON THE TOP! THE FIRST REAL TOYS STARTED TO BE PRODUCED AT THE BEGINNING OF THE 19TH CENTURY. CANDLES DO NOT BURN ON THE FIR-TREES TODAY. THEY HAVE BEEN REPLACED BY ELECTRIC GARLANDS. BUT AS PREVIOUSLY, AROUND THE DECORATED TREES THERE IS DANCE, SING AND DANCE. NEW CHRISTMAS TOYS CAN BE BUYED IN A STORE OR YOU CAN MAKE YOUR HANDS. THE MAIN FANTASTIC NEW YEAR CHARACTER IS FATHER FROST. HE TOO WAS BORN VERY, VERY LONG TIME. HE HAS A LONG WHITE BEARD IN HIS HANDS MAGIC STAFF. HE ALWAYS WEARS A FUR COAT EMBROIDERED WITH PATTERNS FROM SILVER THREADS, A WARM HAT AND VALENKI. FATHER FROST HIMSELF DISTRIBUTES GIFTS TO CHILDREN. FREQUENTLY NEAR FATHER FROST YOU CAN SEE THE SNOW MAIDEN. FATHER FROST EXISTS NOT ONLY IN RUSSIA. IT IS IN ALMOST EVERY COUNTRY, ONLY THEY CALL IT DIFFERENTLY EVERYWHERE. THE RUSSIAN GRANDFATHER FROST LIVES IN THE CITY OF VELIKY USTYUG, WHERE HIS FAIRY PALACE IS. CHILDREN FREQUENTLY WRITE LETTERS TO SANTA FROST WHERE THEY TALK ABOUT THEIR GOOD DEEDS, GOOD ACTIONS AND ASK FOR GIFTS. THEY SAY THAT AFTER THIS, MANY KIDS FIND WHAT THEY WANTED UNDER THE PILLOW OR UNDER THE TREE ON NEW YEAR'S EVE.
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Where did the custom of celebrating the New Year come from? The history of this wonderful holiday has at least 25 centuries. New Year is the most mysterious holiday that opens the world of good fairy tales and magic. Trusting kids, businesslike teenagers, serious adults and superstitious grannies - everyone is counting the minutes until the holiday.
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During excavations of the ancient Egyptian pyramids, archaeologists found a vessel on which it was written: "The beginning of a new year." Amon Khonsu Mut Ancient Egypt
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Ancient Rome For a long time, the Romans celebrated the New Year in early March, until Julius Caesar introduced new calendar(currently called Julian). Thus, the date of the meeting of the New Year was the first day of January. The month of January was named after the Roman god Janus (two-faced). The celebration of the meeting of the new year was called "kalends". Two-faced Janus
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The Celts, the inhabitants of Gaul (the territory of modern France and part of England) met New Year at the end of October. The holiday was called Samhain from "summer" s end "(end of summer). Celtic New Year The Celts inherited many Roman traditions, including the requirement New Year's gifts from subjects. Usually they gave jewelry and gold. Several centuries later, thanks to this tradition, Queen Elizabeth I amassed a huge collection of embroidered and jeweled gloves.
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New Year in Rus' In Rus', the New Year was celebrated on March 1st. The last time the New Year on September 1 was celebrated in Rus' with royal splendor was in 1698. In 1699, Peter I, returning from a trip to Europe, by a special decree, ordered "from now on to calculate the summer" from January 1.
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“... And as a sign of a good undertaking and fun, congratulate each other on the New Year, wishing well-being in business and prosperity in the family. In honor of the New Year, make decorations from fir trees, amuse children, ride sleds from the mountains. And for adults, drunkenness and massacre should not be committed - other days are enough for that. ”
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I must say that the new New Year's customs took root among the Slavs quite quickly, because earlier at that time there was another Christmas holiday. And many old rituals - funny carnivals, tricks of mummers, sleigh rides, midnight fortune-telling and round dances around the Christmas tree - fit well into the New Year's ritual.
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STORY CHRISTMAS TREE Christmas tree - an essential attribute winter holidays- also arrived in Russia along with Peter's reforms. The spread of the custom of decorating the Christmas and New Year tree was facilitated by the belief in the supernatural properties of if - in the fact that thorny needles protect against witches and other evil forces.
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By the middle of the 19th century, the winter beauty had become familiar to the townspeople, although such an “ancient folk custom” was not yet known in the villages. But this tree was not yet a New Year's tree - it was called Christmas and was decorated with toys, delicacies intended as gifts for guests, and candles, and an eight-pointed Christmas star - silver or gold - crowned its top.
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The prototype of the modern Santa Claus was quite a real man. In the 4th century, Archbishop Nicholas lived in the Turkish city of Mira. It was very kind person, and for the good deeds of Nicholas, after his death, he was declared a saint. But in the 11th century, the church where he was buried was robbed by pirates. They stole the remains of the saint and took them to their homeland. The parishioners of the Church of St. Nicholas were outraged. History made so much noise that Nicholas became the object of veneration and worship of Christians from different countries peace. In the Middle Ages, a custom was established: On Nicholas Day, December 19, to give gifts to children, just as the Saint did. After the introduction of the new calendar, the Saint began to come to the children at Christmas, and only then on the New Year. In England and America, this kind Saint is called Santa Claus (Saint Nicholas). Father Frost
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The ancestor of our native Santa Claus is the East Slavic spirit of cold Treskun, Moroz, Studenets. When the New Year began to be celebrated in Russia, an old grandfather with a beard and felt boots began to appear in the houses. But then Santa Claus was not cheerful and good-natured. He had a bag in one hand and a stick in the other. Of course, he gave gifts, but only to smart and obedient children, the rest got a good blow with a stick. But the years went by, and Santa Claus grew kinder and aged, stopped giving out cuffs, but simply intimidated naughty children with scary tales.
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traditional costume Santa Claus also did not appear immediately. At first he was depicted in a raincoat. Santa Claus skillfully cleaned the chimneys through which he threw gifts to the children.
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But at the end of the 19th century, he was dressed in a red fur coat trimmed with fur. Only our Grandfather Frost has a granddaughter Snegurochka and she was born in Russia. The Snow Maiden is a literary character. She appeared in 1873 and at first was called not the granddaughter of Santa Claus, but the daughter. The image of the Snow Maiden is a symbol of frozen waters.
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Veliky Ustyug In 1998, Veliky Ustyug, the oldest city in the Vologda Oblast, was named the Russian homeland of Father Frost.
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Santa Claus with his retinue, granddaughter Snegurochka and fairy tale characters are always glad to see guests. He meets them in the Throne Room, where there is a fabulous throne on which you can sit and make a wish.
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New Year's signs Since ancient times in Russia there are several New Year's signs: Girls, cleaning up on December 31, carefully ground under the table, if a grain of grain came across - to marriage; and so that the whole year was new, on January 1 they put on all the best and changed clothes several times during the day. On January 2, the peasants performed a ritual - a guardian of the house. if something happened to a person on the New Year, the same will happen to him for all twelve months; do not do hard and dirty work - otherwise the whole year will be in hard work without rest; do not repay debts - pay off all year.
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The upcoming 2017 is the year of the Bright or Fire Rooster. On January 28, 2017, the Fire Monkey will transfer his powers to the Rooster. The tenth sign of the Chinese twelve-year horoscope is perhaps the most interesting animal in the entire eastern calendar.
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Mascot 2017 - fiery rooster. Since ancient times, sages believed that the element of Fire personifies continuous upward movement and has unsurpassed vitality, is distinguished by an incredible desire for self-improvement and success. The red color is closely intertwined with the fiery element and this is very good, because such a mixture means complete harmony in all matters. The red fiery color displays strength, confidence, as well as good luck. Therefore, in the coming year, one must boldly cast aside all doubt and rush towards the new, not be afraid of changes and all kinds of changes.
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The element is fire, therefore, many of our troubles will burn out and, like a phoenix bird, we will be reborn for a new happy life. Especially generously will be rewarded those who do not look for easy ways and crooked paths, do not violate moral and legal laws, speak little and work hard, and stubbornly, grain by grain, create the foundation for their success and well-being.
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1. This lady was born in the Year of the Rooster. For her great, glorious deeds, she received the status of "Great". What important person are we talking about? Answer: about Catherine II 2. “Why, without fear of sin, does the Cuckoo praise the Rooster?” (according to I.A. Krylov’s fable “The Cuckoo and the Rooster”? Answer: “For the fact that he praises the Cuckoo” 3. Why is the song of the rooster considered one of the most desired? Answer: because the song of the rooster accompanies the dawn, the birth of a new day
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A presentation on the topic "New Year's History of the Holiday" can be downloaded absolutely free of charge on our website. Subject of the project: MHK. Colorful slides and illustrations will help you keep your classmates or audience interested. To view the content, use the player, or if you want to download the report, click on the appropriate text under the player. The presentation contains 22 slide(s).
Presentation slides
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history of the holiday
New Year
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Where did the custom of celebrating the New Year come from?
The history of this wonderful holiday has at least 25 centuries. This custom was first born in Mesopotamia (Mesopotamia). Here, as well as in the lower valley of the Nile, at the end of the 4th millennium BC, civilization was first born. It was here, according to scientists, for the first time (in the third millennium) they began to celebrate the New Year.
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During excavations of the ancient Egyptian pyramids, archaeologists found a vessel on which it was written: "The beginning of a new year." In ancient Egypt, the New Year was celebrated during the flood of the Nile River (around the end of September). The flood of the Nile was very important, because. it was only thanks to him that grain grew in the dry desert. On New Year's Eve, the statues of the god Amon, his wife, the sky goddess Mut, and their son, the moon god Khonsu, were placed in a boat. The boat sailed on the Nile for a month, which was accompanied by singing, dancing and fun. Then the statues were brought back to the temple.
Amon Khonsu Mut Ancient Egypt
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Ancient Rome
For a long time, the Romans celebrated the New Year in early March, until Julius Caesar introduced a new calendar (currently called the Julian). Thus, the date of the meeting of the New Year was the first day of January. The month of January was named after the Roman god Janus (two-faced). One face of Janus was allegedly turned back to the previous year, the other forward to the new one. The celebration of the meeting of the new year was called "kalends". During the holiday, people decorated houses and gave each other gifts and coins with the image of two-faced Janus; slaves and their owners ate and rejoiced together. The Romans made gifts to the emperor. At first, this happened voluntarily, but over time, the emperors began to demand gifts for the New Year.
Two-faced Janus
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The Celts, the inhabitants of Gaul (the territory of modern France and part of England) celebrated the new year at the end of October. The holiday was called Samhain from "summer" s end "(end of summer). On New Year's Eve, the Celts decorated their homes with mistletoe to exorcise ghosts. They believed that it was on New Year's Eve that the spirits of the dead were alive.
Celtic New Year
The Celts inherited many Roman traditions, including the demand for New Year's gifts from their subjects. Usually they gave jewelry and gold. Several centuries later, thanks to this tradition, Queen Elizabeth I amassed a huge collection of embroidered and jeweled gloves.
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New Year in Rus'
In Rus', the New Year was celebrated on March 1. In the XIV century, the Moscow Church Council decided to consider September 1 as the beginning of the New Year according to the Greek calendar. The last time the New Year on September 1 was celebrated in Rus' with royal splendor was in 1698. Dressing everyone with an apple, the king calling everyone a brother, congratulated everyone on the New Year, on new happiness. In 1699, Peter I, returning from a trip to Europe, by a special decree, ordered “from now on to count the summer” from January 1: “Since the New Year is considered differently in Russia, from now on stop fooling people’s heads and count the New Year everywhere from the first January.
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HISTORY OF THE CHRISTMAS TREE
The Christmas tree - an essential attribute of the winter holidays - also arrived in Russia along with the reforms of Peter the Great. However, the “foreigner” who arrived, although not immediately, took root in Russian land firmly - as if she had always grown here: from the branches that decorated the houses, a luxurious tree grew in a festive dress.
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By the middle of the 19th century, the winter beauty had become familiar to the townspeople, although such an “ancient folk custom” was not yet known in the villages. But this tree was not yet a New Year's tree - it was called Christmas and was decorated with toys, delicacies intended as gifts for guests, and candles, and an eight-pointed Christmas star - silver or gold - crowned its top. In Russian Orthodoxy, a tradition arose to decorate temples with coniferous branches during Christmas time (from the Nativity of Christ to Epiphany), the tree itself became a prototype of the tree of paradise with the fruits of knowledge and the Tree of the Cross, and evergreen needles - a symbol of immortality. However, not everyone remembered the symbolic side, and adults at Christmastime entertainment sometimes behaved worse than children ...
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The prototype of the modern Santa Claus was a very real person. In the 4th century, Archbishop Nicholas lived in the Turkish city of Mira. He was a very kind person, and after his death Nicholas was declared a saint for his good deeds. But in the 11th century, the church where he was buried was robbed by pirates. They stole the remains of the saint and took them to their homeland. The parishioners of the Church of St. Nicholas were outraged. The story made so much noise that Nicholas became the object of reverence and worship of Christians from around the world.
In the Middle Ages, a custom was established: On Nicholas Day, December 19, to give gifts to children, just as the Saint did. After the introduction of the new calendar, the Saint began to come to the children at Christmas, and only then on the New Year. In England and America, this kind Saint is called Santa Claus (Saint Nicholas).
Father Frost
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The ancestor of our native Santa Claus is the East Slavic spirit of cold Treskun, Moroz, Studenets. More often, Frost preferred to have fun, crunching a snowball, tapping on the walls of houses, making travelers shiver from the cold (he especially liked to freeze those who were sitting in a sleigh wrapped in a fur coat, and those who ran on foot or waved an ax were not given to Frost so easily) . Frost appears in the same way in the literature of the 19th century. - Frost the Red Nose by Nekrasov and the old man Frost in Ostrovsky's The Snow Maiden.
When the New Year began to be celebrated in Russia, an old grandfather with a beard and felt boots began to appear in the houses. But then Santa Claus was not cheerful and good-natured. He had a bag in one hand and a stick in the other. Of course, he gave gifts, but only to smart and obedient children, the rest got a good blow with a stick. But the years went by, and Santa Claus grew kinder and aged, stopped giving out cuffs, but simply intimidated naughty children with scary tales.
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But at the end of the 19th century, he was dressed in a red fur coat trimmed with fur. What is he now? A little rough looking. He wears a long fur coat and a high hat, with a beard, in his hands he has a staff and a bag with gifts. Yes, and "grandfather" is called not just like that, but because he has a granddaughter.
Only our Grandfather Frost has a granddaughter Snegurochka and she was born in Russia. The Snow Maiden is a literary character. She appeared in 1873 and at first was called not the granddaughter of Santa Claus, but the daughter. This happened thanks to the play by Alexander Ostrovsky "The Snow Maiden", which he created on the basis of folk tale about a girl fashioned from snow and melted by the warm rays of the sun. Later, writers and poets turned her into a granddaughter. The image of the Snow Maiden is a symbol of frozen waters. This is a girl (not a girl) dressed only in white clothes. No other color in the traditional symbolism is allowed. Her headdress is an eight-pointed crown, embroidered with silver and pearls.
New Year's presentation New Year, Christmas, Old New Year.
Who doesn't love holidays? Especially New Year's! We remember the enchanting moment when the lights go out and Christmas tree lights come on - and the familiar world is transformed into a fairy tale, where miracles are about to happen and we find ourselves in a fairy-tale land of gnomes, wizards, dragons and castles in the air.
But we grow up and ask ourselves the question: why is it possible to celebrate the New Year in Russia ... three times? Name these three New Years: New Year - January 1; Christmas - January 7; Old New Year - January 14th.
The origin of holidaysWhat do you know about the origin of these holidays? When and why did they arise? How are they celebrated in Rus'?
New Year In the old days in Rus', the pagan New Year was celebrated on March 1, and only in the 15th century they gradually switched to celebrating the New Year in accordance with church tradition.
Decree of Peter the GreatBy decree of Peter the Great since 1700, January 1 became the New Year (thereby establishing the European custom of celebrating the New Year).
Decree of Peter the Great: “And as a sign of a good undertaking and a new centenary century, in the joy of each other, congratulate each other on the New Year. Along the noble and passable streets at the gates and houses, learn some decoration from trees and branches of pine, spruce and juniper, repair shooting from small cannons and rifles, launch rockets, as many as anyone happens to, and light fires. »
Decree of the king The decree of the king ordered to celebrate this event especially solemnly. On New Year's Eve, Peter himself lit the first rocket on Red Square. Fires were lit along the large streets - bonfires and tarred bulls attached to poles. The festivities with the ringing of bells, cannon fire, the sounds of trumpets and timpani continued all night. The houses of the inhabitants of the capital were decorated with needles of trees and branches of spruce and pine. Since that time, the custom has been established annually on January 1 to celebrate the New Year and put a Christmas tree in the house.
Nativity of Christ“The holy night reigns over the world, the daily noise of worries has subsided” Over Russia, an exciting and joyful good news is carried. In all churches they sing: “Thy Nativity, Christ God, rise up and reconcile the light of reason…” On January 7, the Russian Orthodox Church celebrates Christmas.
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Why is the Christmas holiday so revered by Christians? That night a new star lit up in the sky, announcing to the world the coming of the Savior of the human race - Jesus Christ. In Rus', on the eve of Christmas, Christmas trees were decorated in houses - a symbol of eternal renewing life. A star made of paper or wood was hung upstairs. She depicted the gospel star, which showed the Magi the way to the born Jesus.
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B. Pasternak They stood in the shade, as if in the twilight of a barn, Whispered, barely choosing words. Suddenly someone in the darkness, a little to the left From the manger with his hand pushed the sorcerer, And he looked back: from the threshold at the maiden, Like a guest, the star of Christmas looked.
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Celebration of Christmas in Russia In Rus', the people celebrated Christmas solemnly. On the first day after the service, young people, adults and even the elderly went to “praise Christ.” The children learned chants like this: “Hail the Magi, meet the saint, Christmas has come, we begin the celebration! The star goes with us, sings a prayer.
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Christian tradition Christmas was preceded by a long (40-day) fast, during which food was limited. On the day before Christmas, they did not eat anything until the appearance of the first star. In the old days, after its sunrise, the family gathered for prayer in front of the icons. Then the elder in the house brought in a handful of straw. She was spread out on the table, covered with a tablecloth. In the evening they ate only vegetables and “kutya” (porridge). The more desirable were the delicacies that the hostesses cooked for the beginning of the festival.
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Christmas delicacies In the north - Russian provinces they made special cookies "kozulki" in the form of animal figures. They were made for children or displayed in windows. In the Nizhny Novgorod province, pastries from figurines were called "carols", in Ryazan - "oats". In Siberia, they sculpted "cheese" - frozen koloboks from cottage cheese. Such delicacies were placed in bags of congratulators. They gave gifts not only to the worshipers, they shared sweets with the poor, the sick.
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Christmas celebrationsParishioners invited friends and relatives to Christmas celebrations. Both old and young glorified the birth of Christ in the streets and crossroads. The children went from house to house with a painted paper Christmas star and a nativity scene, a box in the shape of the cave where Jesus was born. This custom appeared in the 16th - 17th centuries. in Little Russia. Children sang about the birth of the savior of the world, adding their own songs - carols. Adults gave the little Christoslavs money and pies.
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Christmas festivities On the streets, crowds of mummers danced and sang songs of "playful content." They were generously presented with sweets, and in gratitude they wished everyone health and well-being. Children swing on swings and ride boards - a common holiday fun. The people were especially amused by buffoons - songwriters, musicians, dancers and puppeteers.
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After New Year's Eve Usually, on the first day after Christmas night, as soon as the parents woke up, young people came to them with requests, the kids were waiting for New Year's gifts.
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Christmas Days "Christmas time, that is, holy days - 12 days from Christmas to Epiphany. They are also called holy evenings, perhaps in remembrance of the events of the Nativity and the Baptism of the Savior, which happened at night. The church began to sanctify 12 days after the feast of the Nativity of Christ from ancient times ... Meanwhile, the holiness of these days and evenings in many places was violated by fortune-telling and other superstitious customs that survived from the pagan festivities of the same time of the year, ”the encyclopedic dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron explains so popularly.
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Christmas time began to be celebrated as early as 3 thousand years BC. ancient Sumerians, Chaldeans and Assyrians. The first 12 days at the beginning of the year were accompanied by noisy carnivals and mysteries. And the nights on the 8th and 11th days were devoted to fortune-telling. The Slavs called such mysteries - carols. The ritual of these days is playful, but once it had a magical character, aimed at making bread grow and cattle multiply, so that there would be prosperity in the house, and happiness in the family. Divination was the privilege of women.