Formation in children of ideas about the need for a careful and conscious attitude to nature. The need for a careful attitude to nature - arguments from the literature Bazarov's attitude to nature

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biology teacher

highest qualification category

GBOU JSC SPO

"Astrakhan provincial technical school"

Structural unit No. 2

Purpose of the lesson:

to reveal the reason for the need for careful attitude to water and its economical use.

Tasks:

educational:

Introduce students to the value of fresh water;

Identify factors of water pollution;

Introduce measures to protect water bodies from pollution;

corrective-developing:

To form skills and abilities of independent work;

Develop Creative skills students;

educational:

To cultivate a careful attitude to water, its economical use.

Lesson type: assimilation of knowledge based on existing ones.

Class type: combined.

Teaching methods: visual, verbal, practical.

Course progress.

I Organizing time.

Teacher: I am always, everywhere, in everything

Morning, evening and afternoon.

Then I'm in the sky in the clouds,

That in cheerful streams.

I am in the sea, in the ocean.

On the table in a glass.

You will go to the bath to wash,

That's where you'll find me.

Report to me friends

What can't you live without?

Student responses: Water.

Teacher: That's right, no water. Why do we need water?

Students: Water is the source of life. Not a single creature on Earth can do without water.

II Updating of basic knowledge.

Teacher: To make it easier for us to work, let's first remember what we know about water.

1. In what three states is water on Earth?

2. Where does water come from in your house?

3. Name two water-soluble substances.

4. Name two substances that are insoluble in water.

5. Where do people use water?

Students' responses.

Work with illustrations "Journey of a drop of water."

6. What water on Earth is less - fresh or salty?

Students' responses.

Teacher: That's right, fresh water supplies are limited, so it must be conserved and protected. But, unfortunately, people often treat fresh water wastefully, spend it in vain. Give examples.

Students' responses.(When washing dishes, when taking a shower, they do not repair leaking taps in a timely manner, they clog reservoirs.)

Teacher: Let's see how detrimental water pollution affects the inhabitants of reservoirs. This is our fairy tale about the oil fish.

(Staging of a fairy tale by students.)

In the morning the dawn will play

The fisherman walks to the sea

What will he get this time?

Here is our story about it.

Good as in space

Here is the seine already in the sea;

The fisherman drags his net,

And there: jars, bottles, tetrapak.

Do you believe your eyes?

There are no fish, only rubbish.

The second time the seine is thrown

And hopefully dreams:

How do I catch a fish

The whole family will be happy.

Again the seine is already in the sea.

The fisherman groaned in grief,

As saw the catch again.

He took out a galosh from the seine:

"What a bad day!"

Still does not lose hope

The third time throws a seine.

Face lit up with happiness

The fish got caught in the net.

Not gold fish, not simple,

And black from oil, a little alive.

He throws fish into the sea

The poor thing is crying, begging:

“There is no more bright water,

It is better for me to live in your captivity.

Urine no swallow fuel oil

Don't leave me to die here!"

Demonstration of experience. Mixing water with oil.

Teacher: Why did the fish ask the fisherman?

Student responses:(Do not pollute the water with various household waste, etc.).

Teacher: cannot be polluted and sea ​​water. Unfortunately, when ships are damaged or sink, a huge amount of fuel is spilled on the ocean surface - oil slicks. What is the danger then?

Students: This kills marine animals, plants and birds that feed in the sea. For many years, beaches and shores have fallen into disrepair.

Fizminutka.

Are you tired?

And now we will rest.

Get up, take a deep breath.

Hands to the sides, forward.

We are on the beach, the sun is burning.

Let's run to the river

Let's dive, let's swim.

Oh what a blessing

But it's time to know the measure.

Let's run to class

There we will continue the story.

Group work.

1 group: How is water protected from pollution in industrial enterprises?

(This is the prevention of fertilizer solutions, livestock farm waste and other harmful substances from entering the water.) Each person is obliged to fight for the purity of natural water, including we are obliged not to pollute or waste water in vain, to think about the future of our planet.

Teacher: Guys, let's get acquainted with the memo of behavior at the reservoir:

1. Do not throw garbage into the water.

2. Don't leave trash on the beach.

III Knowledge control.

Teacher: Let's sum it up.

What topic are we working on today?

Without what is life on Earth impossible?

What is a sewage treatment plant?

Tell us how you can save water at home, at school?

Students' responses.

IV Outcome. To give a positive assessment to each student, to thank for the work. Let's sing our song together:

May there always be rivers

May there always be fish

May there always be a sea

May we always be!

If we save our reservoirs, then there will be life on Earth!

Writing in the exam is one of the most difficult stages for a future student. As a rule, testing part "A" does not present any problems, however, many people have difficulties with writing an essay. So, one of the most common problems that are covered in the Unified State Examination is the problem of caring for nature. Arguments, their clear selection and explanation is the main task of a student taking an exam in the Russian language.

Turgenev I. S.

Turgenev's novel "Fathers and Sons" is still very popular among both the younger generation and their parents. This is where the problem of caring for nature comes into play. Arguments in favor of the topics covered are as follows.

The main idea of ​​the work in the field of environmental protection sounds like this: “People forget where they were born. They forget that it is nature that is their original home. It was nature that allowed the birth of man. Despite such deep arguments, each person does not pay due attention to the environment. But all efforts should be directed to its preservation in the first place!”

Bazarov's attitude to nature

The main figure here is Evgeny Bazarov, who does not care about respect for nature. The arguments of this man are as follows: "Nature is a workshop, and man is a worker here." It is difficult to argue with such a categorical statement. Here the author shows the renewed mind of modern man, and, as you can see, he succeeded perfectly! Now arguments in favor of protecting the environment are more relevant in society than ever!

Turgenev, in the person of Bazarov, presents to the reader a new man and his mind. He feels complete indifference to generations and all the values ​​that nature can give humanity. He lives in the present moment, does not think about the consequences, he does not care about the careful attitude of man to nature. Bazarov's arguments boil down only to the need to realize his own ambitious desires.

Turgenev. The relationship between nature and man

The above-mentioned work also touches upon the problem of the relationship between man and respect for nature. The arguments given by the author convince the reader of the need to take care of mother nature.

Bazarov completely rejects all judgments about the aesthetic beauty of nature, about its indescribable landscapes and gifts. The hero of the work perceives the environment as a tool for work. The complete opposite is presented in the novel by Bazarov's friend Arkady. He treats with devotion and admiration what nature gives to man.

This work brightly highlights the problem of caring for nature, arguments in favor of a positive or negative attitude to the environment are determined by the behavior of the hero. Arkady, with the help of unity with her, heals spiritual wounds. Eugene, on the contrary, seeks to avoid any contact with the world. Nature does not give positive emotions to a person who does not feel peace of mind, does not consider himself a part of nature. Here the author emphasizes a fruitful spiritual dialogue both with oneself and in relation to nature.

Lermontov M. Yu.

The work "A Hero of Our Time" touches upon the problem of caring for nature. The arguments that the author gives relate to life young man by the name of Pechorin. Lermontov shows a close relationship between the mood of the protagonist and natural phenomena, the weather. One of the paintings is described as follows. Before the duel began, the sky seemed blue, transparent and clear. When Pechorin looked at the dead body of Grushnitsky, then "the rays did not warm," and "the sky became dull." Here the connection of internal psychological states with natural phenomena is clearly traced.

In a completely different way, the problem of caring for nature is touched upon here. The arguments in the work show that natural phenomena depend not only on the emotional state, but also become involuntary participants in events. So, a thunderstorm is the reason for the meeting and a long meeting between Pechorin and Vera. Further, Grigory notes that "the local air promotes love," referring to Kislovodsk. Such techniques show respect for nature. Arguments from the literature once again prove that this sphere is vital not only at the physical level, but also at the spiritual and emotional level.

Evgeny Zamyatin

A vivid dystopian novel by Yevgeny Zamyatin also shows a careful attitude to nature. The essay (arguments, quotes from the work, and so on) must be supported by reliable facts. So, when describing a literary work called "We", it is important to pay attention to the lack of a natural and natural beginning. All people renounce diverse and isolated lives. The beauty of nature is replaced by artificial, decorative elements.

Numerous allegories of the work, as well as the suffering of the "O" number, speak of the importance of nature in human life. After all, it is such a beginning that can make a person happy, give feelings, emotions, help to experience love. It shows the impossibility of the existence of verified happiness and love according to “pink cards”. One of the problems of the work is the inextricable relationship between nature and man, without which the latter will be unhappy for the rest of his life.

Sergey Yesenin

In the work “Goy you, my dear Russia!” Sergei Yesenin touches on the problem of the nature of his native places. In this poem, the poet refuses the opportunity to visit paradise, just to stay and devote his life to his native land. Eternal bliss, as Yesenin says in the work, can only be found in his native Russian land.

The feeling of patriotism is clearly expressed here, and the Motherland and nature are inextricably linked and exist only in the relationship of concepts. The very realization that the power of nature can weaken leads to the collapse of the natural world and human nature.

Using Arguments in an Essay

If you use arguments from works of fiction, you must comply with several criteria for presenting information and presenting the material:

• Providing reliable data. If you do not know the author or do not remember the exact title of the work, it is better not to indicate such information in the essay at all.
• Present information correctly, without errors.
• The most important requirement is the conciseness of the material presented. This means that sentences should be as concise and short as possible, providing complete picture the described situation.

Only if all the above conditions are met, as well as sufficient and reliable data, you will be able to write an essay that will give you the maximum number of exam points.

Problem types

The need to respect nature

Arguments

ON THE. Nekrasov "Grandfather Mazai and Hares". The hero of the poem during the spring flood saves drowning hares, collecting them in a boat, cures two sick animals. The forest is his native element, and he worries about all its inhabitants.

The poem gives children a lesson in love for nature, careful and reasonable love.

I.S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons". People often forget that nature is their native and only home that requires careful treatment. The protagonist of the novel "Fathers and Sons" Yevgeny Bazarov is known for his categorical position: "Nature is not a temple, but a workshop, and man is a worker in it." This is how the author sees a "new" person in him: he is indifferent to the values ​​accumulated by previous generations, lives in the present and uses everything that he needs, without thinking about what consequences this may lead to. Bazarov, rejecting any aesthetic enjoyment of nature, perceives it as a workshop, and man as a worker. Arkady, a friend of Bazarov, on the contrary, treats her with all the admiration inherent in a young soul. In the novel, each character is tested by nature. Arkady, communication with the outside world helps to heal spiritual wounds, for him this unity is natural and pleasant. Bazarov, on the contrary, does not seek contact with her - when Bazarov was ill, he "went into the forest and broke branches." She does not give him the desired peace or peace of mind.

• Human activity destroys nature
• The state of nature depends on man
• Preservation of the environment is a priority for society
• The future of mankind depends on the state of nature
• Love for nature makes a person cleaner
• People with high moral qualities, protect nature
• Love for nature changes a person for the better, contributes to his moral development.
• People have forgotten that nature is their home
• Everyone tends to have their own view on the role of nature in human life.

Arguments

I.S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons". In the work there are two completely opposite views on the place of nature in people's lives. Nihilist Evgeny Bazarov perceives the world as material for practice, saying that "nature is not a temple, but a workshop." In everything, he tries to find benefit, and not to see the beauty around. The hero considers living beings only material for his research. For Arkady Kirsanov, who at first supported the views of Yevgeny Bazarov, nature is a source of harmony. He feels himself an integral part of the world around him, sees and feels beauty.

ON THE. Nekrasov "Grandfather Mazai and Hares". The story of the rescue of hares by grandfather Mazai is known to every person since childhood. From the poem of the great poet it is clear that our hero is a hunter, which means that for him, hares should be, first of all, prey. But grandfather Mazai cannot offend animals when they are absolutely helpless, between life and death. Love for nature turns out to be higher for a person than the ability to get easy prey. He shouts after the rescued hares so that they do not come across to him during the hunting period, but at the moment they are released.

A.I. Kuprin "Olesya" Attitude towards nature main character works can be called truly correct. Olesya's life is inextricably linked with the world around her. She feels that she is connected with the forest and that the forest is something alive. The girl loves all living things. Olesya is ready to protect everything that is connected with nature: grasses, bushes, huge trees. Unity with the outside world allows her to survive at a distance from people, in the wilderness of the forest.

V.P. Astafiev "Tsar-fish". The fate of Gosha Gertsev is a vivid example of the fact that nature can not only endure human attacks, but also actively defend itself with the help of its moral and punishing power. A hero who showed a consumerist, cynical attitude towards environment, is punished. Moreover, punishment threatens not only him, but all of humanity, if it does not realize how cruel its activities are. Lack of spirituality, greed, thoughtless use of the achievements of scientific and technological progress - all this threatens the death of society.

B.L. Vasilyev "Do not shoot at white swans." The work shows a different attitude of people to nature: we see both its defenders and enemies, whose activities are only of a consumer nature. The main character, Yegor Polushkin, takes care of all living things. Often he becomes the object of ridicule, because others do not support his views on the world. Egor Polushkin, laying a pipe, decides to go around the anthill, which causes laughter and condemnation from people. When the hero is in need of money, he learns that the population can be rewarded for the soaked bast. However, even in a difficult situation, the hero cannot decide to destroy the living, while his cousin destroys an entire grove for the sake of profit. The son of Yegor Polushkin is distinguished by the same moral qualities: Kolka gives his expensive gift (spinning, which everyone dreamed of) to Vovka to save the puppy, whom the boy wanted to torture. The protagonist himself is killed by evil and envious people for the desire to protect nature.

Chingiz Aitmanov "The Scaffold". The work shows how a person with my own hands destroys the environment. People mock saigas, wolf cubs die because of a man-made fire. Not knowing where to direct her maternal love, the she-wolf becomes attached to the human child. People, not realizing this, shoot at her, but one of them kills his own son as a result. The death of a child can be blamed not on a she-wolf, but on people who barbarously broke into her territory, exterminated her children, and therefore took up arms against nature. The work "The Scaffold" shows what such an attitude towards the living is fraught with.

D. Granin "Bison". The protagonist is horrified to realize that almost all people, including scientists, are confident in the boundlessness of nature and the negligible impact of man on it. The bison does not understand how a person can approve scientific and construction projects that cause irreparable damage to all living things. He believes that science in this case does not work for the good, but to the detriment of humanity. The hero is hurt by the fact that almost no one has come to understand true role nature in human life, its originality and vulnerability.

E. Hemingway "The Old Man and the Sea". For the old fisherman, the sea is the breadwinner. In the whole appearance of the hero, a connection with nature is visible. The old man treats everything with respect and gratitude: he asks for forgiveness from the caught fish. The work shows the role of the generosity of nature in our lives, and the hero demonstrates a truly correct attitude towards the world around him - grateful.