Cross stitch. Successful start. Basic skills and basics of embroidery Secrets of beautiful embroidery

Since ancient times, embroidery has been one of the most fashionable hobbies of the wealthy nobility. They embroidered with satin stitch, and with a cross, and with a half-cross, and with ribbons. Learning how to cross stitch is easy. Follow the basic rules of embroidery, and you will get an amazing result.

First of all, choose the scheme of the picture that you will depict on the canvas. Then you will need to pick up the first hoop. The most important thing depends on how comfortable they are - the desire of a novice needlewoman to continue to embroider. The next step is to select canvas and a special needle for embroidery with a blunt end and, finally, select the floss thread of the desired shades and colors.

The first steps of a beginner needlewoman

Now in special stores for needlework you can find just a huge selection of embroidery kits, take a look at the link http://fancywork-ua.com/article/choose-kits-for-cross-stitch. In the Fancywork Embroidery and Needlework store (Fancywork) you can buy cross stitch kits Charivna Mit, Juno, Luca-S, Novaya Sloboda, Povtrulya, Matrenin Posad. The purchased kit will already contain everything you need for needlework, but some amateurs prefer to make patterns themselves.

We select the picture that we would like to depict, and using a special program on the computer, we translate it into a scheme for embroidery. Next, we prepare the canvas by sheathing its edges with a thread. In order to start embroidery, you must first fold the canvas in four and mark the resulting center with a dot, then calculate from the cells in the diagram how much the length and width of the embroidery will be from the center. Some needlewomen start embroidery from the center of the canvas, while others, having calculated the length and width from the center, determine the beginning from the lower left corner, that is, from left to right, as if we were writing a unique work with threads.

In order not to spoil the embroidery,

it is recommended not to make knots when fixing the thread. Starting the first stitch, secure the thread with subsequent stitches, and when the thread runs out, you can fasten its end under the embroidery on the wrong side. If you want to get an even and clear pattern, then the stitches must be laid in one direction: first, the first stitch from left to right, then the second from above the first, from right to left.

If according to the scheme you need to make two rows, then, without interrupting, we lead the first stitches first from the bottom row from left to right, then with the second stitches from right to left. We embroider the bottom row to the last square and, without finishing it completely, go to the top row, and then we again do the same manipulations.

If, according to the scheme, you need to embroider free-standing crosses, then it is best to embroider each of them completely at once. It is also possible, if the drawing requires it, to skip a few cells on the canvas: for this, it is enough to stretch the thread between the desired cells on the wrong side. Sometimes on the diagram some details seem difficult to perform, but in reality everything turns out to be completely different. Gaining experience in practice, you get the necessary skills. Good luck!

Embroidery is one of the most common and favorite activities of needlewomen of all ages. Among the variety of types of embroidery, it is cross stitch that has the greatest appeal and has not lost its popularity since its inception. This was partly due to the wide possibilities of this technique - cross-stitch patterns on clothes, tablecloths, pillows, napkins and other accessories and decor items, as well as create paintings and panels, while embroidery provides almost endless possibilities for embodying the most different ideas- from simple pictures ok to paintings of world classics.

From the lesson you will learn:

We embroider a cross

Cross stitch is a method of embroidering a design on canvas using a needle and colored thread (floss) or other embroidery threads using the "cross stitch" technique. Cross-stitch is one of the countable types of needlework. The main element is the cross stitch, which consists of two intersecting oblique stitches. There are quite a lot of types of cross; in cross stitch, the technique of a full cross or half cross is usually used.

simple cross- represents two diagonal cross stitches. They start it, as a rule, from the right from the top diagonally to the left down, complete it - from the right from the bottom diagonally to the left up. An important feature of cross stitching is that all top stitches should lie flat and in one direction, lower - in the opposite direction.

Half cross- this is the first stitch when making a simple cross.

- a technique that is used less often, due to greater labor intensity. It is an alternation of simple crosses and small straight lines between them.

You can also distinguish other types of "cross": an elongated cross, an elongated cross with a line, a Slavic cross, a straight cross, alternating crosses, "Asterisk", Leviathan, Rice stitch, Italian cross.

Consider how to master cross stitch for beginners, where to start and what you need for this.

Cross stitch techniques

The cross stitch is the easiest stitch to learn. Even novice craftswomen will be able to perform simple cross-stitch, because it does not take much time and effort to master the technique. Cross stitch is easy to learn for kids too. For them, this is not only an exciting activity, but also a hobby that helps in the development of artistic taste and a sense of beauty, which brings up perseverance and the ability to concentrate.

You can make a cross in several ways:

1. Classic cross stitch technique - English method or "Back the needle"

The traditional way of embroidering a cross, also called English, is to sequentially perform each individual cross.

2. Danish way

The use of the Danish method implies the execution of all lower stitches in a row, from left to right horizontally, then, after completing the row, closing them with the upper stitches, following in reverse order.

3. Simple Diagonal

Procedure: Using this technique, embroider, making stitches first from the bottom up, remembering to alternate the bottom and top, and then in reverse order - from top to bottom.

3.1. Double diagonal (left to right)

To try this technique, take a close look at the diagram. The section to be embroidered is represented by a double chain of red squares.

Procedure: start embroidering from the bottom with two single stitches in parallel squares. When you finish the side, go back down, closing the stitches and making crosses.

The step-by-step diagram is shown in the figure:

The technique of embroidery diagonally from right to left is very different from the same, but from left to right, despite the apparent similarity. If you have already mastered the double diagonal from left to right, then be careful when performing this technique.

Procedure: Start embroidering from the bottom, moving gradually up. Diagonal stitches must be completed by completing the cross, only in the outer row. When you reach the end, go back, completing crosses in the inner row from diagonal stitches.

The step-by-step diagram is shown in the figure:

Procedure: Begin to embroider from the top, making diagonal stitches down. Having done everything, continue moving up, completing the crosses with the top stitches.

The step-by-step diagram is shown in the figure:

Procedure: Start embroidering from the longest row. Sew diagonal stitches. After moving on to a row with fewer stitches and completing it, do not embroider the entire subsequent row with a large number of stitches at once. After completing the piece, complete the diagonal stitches in rows with a large number of filled "cells" of the canvas, going up. Next, complete the crosses, as indicated in the diagram.

Step by step diagram:

6. Tapestry (half-cross)

Separately, it is worth mentioning the "Tapestry" technique. Many people love this technique because it saves time on its implementation.

The tapestry stitch is a half-cross, which is done from left to bottom to right up. When embroidering a row from right to left, the direction of the stitch is changed - from right from top to left down. The stitches run strictly parallel to each other. The thread during the work should not be tightened.

An important feature of the "Tapestry" technique is the execution of stitches - they should all be directed in one direction, while the canvas should be tightly stretched on the hoop, but not overtightened to a skew. If the fabric is not stretched when embroidering, then after completion of work it will be difficult to align the finished pattern.

We fix the thread

There are no knots in perfectly executed work. How to achieve this?

Beginning of embroidery

At the beginning of work on embroidery, it is necessary to fasten the thread. This can be done as follows using the “Loop” methods: a piece of floss thread must be folded in half in the middle and the resulting loop should be inserted into the eye of the needle. Insert the needle into the corner of the "cell" of the canvas so that the needle comes out on front side, and the loop that we made in the previous step remained from the inside out. Having made a small indent, bring the needle to the wrong side, thread it through the loop and tighten the knot. Next, we begin to embroider.

If you still have questions about fixing the thread, then in the video you can see in detail how the “Loop” method is performed.

Continuation of work

Another common type of work with a thread is the attachment of a new thread. This technique may be needed in cases where it is necessary to change the color of the thread or the working thread has run out. In order to carefully connect new thread, carefully pull it under a few stitches from the back of the picture to the place where you will start working with it. Make a back stitch in this place and continue embroidering.

Finishing the embroidery

To complete the embroidery, secure the thread using the "back of the needle" technique. This can be done in a similar way to attaching a thread. The remaining tail, about 5 centimeters long, pass through the next few stitches from the wrong side. Secure it with a back stitch. Ready.

Selection and work with floss

Traditionally, cross-stitching uses special threads called floss.

Mouline thread - a yarn obtained in a factory way, less often by hand-dressing, produced specifically for embroidery, as well as other types of needlework.

For your work, you can choose any thread, even ordinary sewing thread (it is better to use only for simple paintings), however, as a rule, it is better to choose from cotton or silk floss. In some cases, fine wool yarn will do.

Muline comes in a variety of colors and shades. Modern productions do not limit themselves, trying to please even the most sophisticated craftswomen, and provide customers with a wide range of colors - from classic shades to the rarest ones.

Needles

Needles for embroidery do not require special parameters - any will do. Just remember a few nuances that will help you simplify the needlework process and make beautiful and neat embroidery.

1. Pay attention to the shape and size of the eye of the needle. The thread should be easily inserted into it, but the canvas should not be deformed when it passes through it.

2. If you have a coarse weave, take a medium-thick needle with a blunt tip.

3. The thickness of the needle depends on the density of the canvas: the denser it is, the thinner the needle.

Canvas

Canvas- This is the basis for embroidery. It is a specially designed canvas, marked with cells, which are a place for embroidering a cross with threads. Canvas is made from various materials- cotton, linen, mixed materials, plastic.

In embroidery kits, you can find a canvas on which a pattern has already been applied. In the process of needlework, it is filled with embroidered crosses. This technique is called "printed cross". If the canvas is without a pattern, then the “counted cross” technique is used, i.e. you yourself will have to count the number of crosses.

If you choose the canvas yourself, then you should pay attention to its dimension. Dimension is a value from English traditions and means the number of crosses per inch of the canvas. The dimension of the canvas can be recognized by its marking (the number assigned to the canvas).

Popular sizes are:

1. Canvas #14(55 cells per 10 cm) - suitable for beginner embroiderers. It is quite large, so it is easy to embroider on it so that there is no need to use a magnifying glass or glasses. It can even be embroidered with two-fold threads, for better filling of the canvas. Embroidery on such a canvas turns out to be neat, but be prepared that the picture may turn out a little larger than on a canvas of a different dimension.
2. Canvas #16(60 cells per 10 cm) suitable for experienced embroiderers. The size of the crosses on it will be smaller, so the picture itself is slightly smaller than on canvas No. 14, and the crosses will be denser. Here it is also recommended to embroider in two threads.
3. Canvas #18- very small (72 cells per 10 cm). To work with it, you will need special tools (for example, a magnifying glass). You can embroider either with two threads or with one thread - depending on the desired embroidery density. This canvas is ideal for creating paintings that are highly realistic.

You can also find canvas No. 8 in stores - used for training (you can embroider with a cross, semi-cross), No. 11 - used for simple circuits, as well as for embroidering tablecloths, napkins, etc., No. 20 - the smallest, used for embroidery with a tapestry stitch or to give elegance to ordinary embroidery.

Canvas for cross-stitch is of several types - Aida (AIDA) and Hardanger. These are the most popular among needlewomen.

Canvas Aida is most convenient for counting cross stitch, as the crosses are even and neat without much difficulty. It consists of 100% cotton, and the canvas is a warp of 4x4 threads that form clear squares. It can be of the following dimensions: 8, 11, 14, 16, 18, 20.

Canvas Hardanger is a linen fabric with a uniform weave, so the embroiderer herself determines the size of the crosses. Most often, tapestry is embroidered on it, but cross-stitch or satin stitch embroidery is also possible. It is used only by experienced embroiderers, so for beginner needlewomen it is recommended to take Aida canvas.

An important point in working with canvas is the shrinkage of cotton canvas after washing. It happens along the shared line, so you need the correct cutting of the canvas so that the embroidered picture remains symmetrical, and does not stretch out in height. This is most relevant for paintings on the entire working surface; for paintings with an empty background, such deformation will be less noticeable.

Hoop

Hoop - a device for fixing and stretching the canvas. There are different diameters and from different materials.

1. Plastic round hoop - convenient and inexpensive option for beginners. Lungs, wide selection diameters, but fragile. They can also deform the canvas if it is too “loose”.
2. Wooden hoop - can be not only of different diameters, but also shapes (round, square, rectangular). Lightweight, comfortable, versatile, canvas does not slip out of them, like plastic ones. The main advantage is that the outer ring is open, its diameter is adjusted by a screw, so the canvas does not deform when fastened. If you have a wooden hoop, then you can work with fabric of any thickness.
3. The hoop-frame is a hoop and a frame in one. First, you stretch the canvas for embroidery, and then hang it on the wall in it. Universal, a wide variety of shapes and sizes, stretch the canvas well without deforming it.
4. The chair hoop is an option for those who are seriously interested in embroidery. Thanks to the leg with a "foot" they are attached to the chair, which allows you to work with two hands. In addition to the fact that the process will go faster, your arms, back and neck will not get tired, since you will not need to hold the embroidery.

There are other types of hoops, but they are more expensive for professionals; for beginners, the listed options are enough.

The size of the hoop is very important: the larger the hoop, the less fastening of the canvas will be required to embroider fragments of the picture, thus there is less chance of damaging the canvas. Otherwise, choose according to taste and budget.

Choosing a ready-made kit for embroidery

So, now you have all the necessary knowledge and tools to start embroidery. It remains only to determine with a picture for embroidery. Manufacturers offer a wide range ready schemes and cross-stitch kits, and a variety of ideas for pictures will inspire even the most fastidious needlewoman. Since you are just a beginner craftswoman, then not just patterns are best for you, but ready-made cross-stitch kits. They have everything you need for needlework, so you do not have to choose a canvas and floss for a future picture, and the diagram is equipped with useful marks, thanks to which you will immediately find the threads of the desired color in the set. All you have to do is choose an embroidery hoop and stock up on patience and enthusiasm.

So that the first work with embroidery does not become the last, you need to carefully approach the choice of a ready-made embroidery kit, otherwise you risk losing interest in creativity due to the complexity of the chosen embroidery.

How to choose the first cross stitch kit? These tips will be helpful for beginners:

1. What painting size should I choose?

Do not take large paintings with complex patterns. Yes, they are so beautiful that you will certainly want to embroider them all and hang them proudly on the wall. And you will definitely have such pictures, but it is better to start with something simple in order to understand how to work with embroidery. The best option would be a drawing 25x25 cm: this way you will practice, have time to feel the taste for needlework, and the resulting picture will decorate your room.

2. Which pattern to choose?

For beginners, paintings with a lot of small details are not suitable. In addition, it greatly delays the process. It is better to take a picture with large details: ornaments and “plot” drawings (houses, toys, ships) are embroidered rather quickly.

For example, you can try this scheme:

If you liked several sets, see which colors you like best, which threads will be more pleasant to work with. Also take a look at the diagram in the kit. Patterns for embroidery are available in color and black and white. It's a matter of taste here: some people like to immediately see the color on the diagram, while others think that black and white does not distract attention with a riot of colors, and the marks on it are more clearly expressed.

3. What kind of canvas should be in the set?

The sets may include a different canvas. Pay attention to the labeling. The canvas number is assigned depending on the size and density of the crosses. Canvas #14 - perfect option for beginners. If there is canvas #16 in the set, then the crosses will be smaller and denser, so it will be more difficult for you to embroider. Canvas #18 is the hardest, you might even need a magnifying glass here.

4. What should be the first cross stitch kit?

First of all, you have to like it! Then embroidery will go easier, and needlework will be a joy.

Workplace preparation

The main requirement for the workplace is that you should be comfortable. Since it will take more than one hour to embroider, the place should be convenient. An easy chair is best.

The next requirement is lighting. You will be working with fine details, so the place should be well lit so that you do not have to "break your eyes" in the semi-darkness. It is most convenient for the light to fall from the left side for right-handers and from the right side for left-handers. If you work in the evenings, then in addition to the chandelier, it is advisable to turn on a table lamp.

It is advisable to place the cross stitch pattern closer to the light source. Everything else is random.

Everything, you can start needlework!

Getting started with cross stitching

If you bought the canvas separately, then before starting work, you need to process the edges - overcast or coat with a special transparent varnish or glue.

To make it easier to work with the canvas, you need to mark it up. To do this, fold the canvas in half twice and iron the folding points. Next, with a pencil or washable marker, mark the canvas into 10x10 cm squares.

Remember to leave at least 5 cm of free canvas for allowances. This is necessary for better stretching of the embroidery on the substrate. If your work is supposed to have an empty background, then remember how much you want to leave an indent from the picture to the frame or mat.

Hoop the canvas in the hoop so that the canvas lays flat, without distortions. Do not overtighten the canvas - this way you can deform it, and the canvas or embroidery will be damaged.

Choose the cross stitch technique that suits you and enjoy the process.

Completion of embroidery and registration of the finished work

After the embroidered picture is ready, it needs to be put in order and framed.

To remove a washable marker from the canvas, and also if your work gets a little dirty during preparation, soak it in warm soapy water and then rinse it, but in no case rub or wring it out. Dry the work in an upright position. After that, iron with an iron with a steamer from the wrong side through a clean white cloth. Lay another white cloth or sheet on the board before ironing to avoid accidental staining.

The finished picture can be framed for photos or you can buy a special baguette.

Greetings to everyone in my blog "All about embroidery"! Often girls who just want to learn how to embroider turn to me, they say, tell me how to do it. Therefore, today I am publishing basic tips for beginners to embroider with a cross - so to speak, a hot twenty. Because in fact, there can be a lot of these tips - my entire blog talks about what and what news is in. 😉 But today my article is dedicated to those who have never embroidered at all, but want to try their hand at this relaxing kind of creativity.

Cross-stitch for those who have not yet had time to get acquainted with it should not seem like something very difficult. I suggest studying these tips - despite the abundance of information below, I assure you - embroidering is not difficult! 🙂

Buy a ready-made embroidery kit instead of downloading a pattern. The fact is that the ready-made kit already has everything you need - canvas, threads, a pattern, a needle. And, or using from a magazine, you will have to independently calculate the required amount of floss and canvas, select a needle. This may turn you away from the process.

Do not immediately take a large set with a lot of colors and different types of stitches.

First, than larger size embroidery, the higher the price of the finished set, and if you do not complete the process, it will be a pity for the money spent. Secondly, the result on a small job will be obtained faster, which will give motivation for the next embroidery exploits. Thirdly, you will be able to work out the correct execution of crosses, both on the face and on.

I do not advise beginners to take on sets with a dark canvas - this is quite a difficult job. About all the subtleties and tricks with, I previously told.

In embroidery kits, the canvas is quite dense due to a special composition that gives it rigidity, but the edges of the canvas, as a rule, are not processed, therefore, so that the canvas does not crumble during embroidery, .

If you still decide to take a larger embroidery kit, purchase. With which you can draw the fabric into squares so that you don’t go astray while working on the diagram. The rules for working with markers are usually indicated on the packaging, and in my article I talked about different types markers and how to use them.

Traditionally, beginners are advised to start embroidery from the middle of the pattern. But really, start where you feel most comfortable.

I start every time new project from different places. 🙂 I can from the center, I can from the bottom left, I can from the top right...

Study carefully the scheme and the key. , I have already told in detail. Pay attention to what types of stitches are used, the number of threads to work with (that is, how many threads to embroider).

Try to monitor the quality of lighting while embroidering. If you do not embroider during the day, use various additional light sources, or floor lamps.

It has been experimentally established that, on average, the working length of the thread should be about 30 cm, but not longer than 50 .

If you use a floss of a shorter length, there will be too much consumption, but if you take it longer than 50 cm, the floss will get confused and “twisted”.

Correct cross stitch is when all the top stitches are done in one direction (either \ or /). To ensure that all the crosses are exactly the same, try to insert the needle strictly into the same holes on the canvas.

Before you start embroidering, read the instructions to understand how to “put” a cross. I also advise you to read about the technique, methods and. Remember that knots are not allowed in cross stitch (unless it is, of course).

If you are afraid of getting confused and losing your place on the diagram where you left off, you can use a text highlighter that can be used to mark already embroidered icons. This is especially true for black and white schemes, in which it is difficult to distinguish characters.

Why is a highlighter better? So that if you suddenly find an error in an already embroidered fragment, then you can read the characters and correct it. Some embroiderers generally cherish the original scheme and make a photocopy of it, on which the sewn fragments are marked with a felt-tip pen or pen.

If you are using a hoop for the time when you are not embroidering, remove the canvas from them. Also, try not to over-tighten the fabric with the hoop.

The traces left by the hoop can damage already sewn crosses.

Remember that around the embroidered pattern, the free canvas should be at least 5-7 centimeters on each side. This is necessary in order to be able to properly straighten the fabric into the hoop and then fill it into a baguette.

Despite the fact that a needle with a blunt end is used for embroidery, still take care of the place where it is stored. Use a needle bar or .

Firstly, this way the needle will not be lost, and secondly, if you leave it in the canvas, you will get too large a hole, which will be too noticeable against the general background.

Try not to make long broaches on the wrong side, especially in those places where there are no crosses. Three reasons to avoid stretching:

1. high floss consumption;
2. broaches, as a rule, are very noticeable on the front side;
3. a far-stretched thread creates excessive tension in the fabric, which can lead to deformation of the entire work.

If you mixed up one or two crosses when embroidering the background, then you can not unpick the threads, starting to alter. Errors in minor fragments are not noticeable in the big picture. But if you mixed up colors or deviated from the scheme when creating a face or contour, you will definitely have to. What are the errors, you can in more detail.

As a rule, ready-made embroidery kits for beginners usually include light or white canvas. During the embroidery, the fabric gets dusty, sometimes it gets dirty, so after finishing the embroidery, do not forget to wash it . All rules for washing embroidery. After the embroidery is finished and washed, it needs to be properly ironed. I have not talked about this in detail yet, but I promise to improve in the future. 😉

Pay attention to the design of your chosen pattern. Often designers who develop a story forget about the whole. And as a result, not critical, but still unpleasant incidents are obtained ... The issue of “formatting the picture”, that is, creating the correct visual concept, I considered in detail in a separate article.

It is advisable to think about the design of the finished work even before starting embroidery. Will it be, or will it be, embroidered, or, or, or?

Actually, in my opinion, these are the main tips for beginners to embroider with a cross. After reviewing the information in this article and following the links I provided, you will have the bare minimum required to be armed and prepared for the process. Although, in all honesty, sometimes it’s more interesting to study everything in the process of work, making small mistakes (well, big ones too 😉), after all, they learn from mistakes!

I wish all cross-stitch lovers inspiration and easy, pleasant processes!

Learning to cross-stitch all the secrets in the master class

Cross stitching is one of the most fun things to do. In fact, the hardest part about this is getting started. For those who are just taking their first steps, there are many lessons. They even contain photos and. However, it still doesn't work the way it does in the picture. But then how to learn how to cross stitch correctly. Just initially do not need to try to cover everything at once. A little patience, and the technique of cross-stitching will definitely be mastered.

The beginning of time

In fact, in order to understand whether cross-stitch is right for you, you do not need to buy the entire assortment of the store. It is enough to purchase the simplest set or a small piece of canvas, floss threads and a pattern. Some needlewomen for beginners in cross-stitching do not even advise using a hoop, since the canvas is quite dense and it is very easy to drag it. However, to understand how it will be more convenient, it is advisable to try both options.

Now you can start embroidering, following the pattern. It is advisable to do it right immediately. What does it mean? Usually for the first work, the choice falls on a small picture. Therefore, it is not necessary at the first stage to think about the ideal wrong side. After all, no one will see her anyway. It is much more important to complete the front side perfectly. And it's not as easy as it seems at first glance.

In practice, the cross-stitch technique is as follows. A floss thread in two or three additions is threaded through the needle. In this case, there will be no knots on it. The thread will be attached a little differently. But how to do this will be discussed later. Now we are learning to embroider with the most ordinary cross stitch.

In practice, it looks like this. The thread is threaded from the upper right corner to the lower left, and such a half-cross makes the required number of crosses according to the pattern. Then the thread is led in the opposite direction: from the upper left corner to the lower right. Further, if necessary, the transition to a row above or below is performed. Once the segment has been embroidered, you can secure the thread by passing it under the stitches.

You can more clearly see how cross-stitching is done, you can in the following. This video shows only the embroidery technique, however, without a good example it is difficult to take the first steps.

: learning to cross stitch

Thread attachment

However, to embroider a picture so that you can easily see the picture from the inside, it is advisable to learn how to fasten the thread correctly. The most commonly used for these purposes is the "loop" method. In fact, with its use, the thread is attached by itself. It is easy even for beginner needlewomen. So how to do it?

Fastening the thread using the "Loop" method

The thread with floss is threaded in such a way that a small loop remains on the front side. Then, at a distance of 2-3 millimeters, the needle is brought out and threaded through the left loop. It tightens well, and now you can continue to embroider.

Also on a small cross-stitch, you can fasten the thread as follows. Embroider a few crosses, leaving the tip of the thread on the wrong side and holding it. Then thread it into the eye of the needle and simply slip it under the stitches from the inside out. This option is great for embroidering pictures. However, where the underside will be visible, it is better to use a loop fastening. This applies, first of all, when it is planned to embroider a napkin, tablecloth or clothes.

: how to fasten the thread

Perfect underside

Even for beginner embroiderers, it is quite affordable to make a product with an almost perfect wrong side. To do this, it is enough to follow simple rules. However, once again it is worth mentioning that it is not always advisable to spend time and effort on such work, for example, when embroidering paintings. In addition, the ideal wrong side increases the consumption of floss threads.

Firstly, all crosses on the front side must be done in one direction, and a picture or other product should be embroidered from the bottom up or vice versa. Thus, it is possible to achieve not only the perfect wrong side, but also the fact that the embroidery will not be pulled to one side.

Secondly, all work must be done without knots. How this is done has already been described above. At the end of embroidery, the rest of the thread is hidden under the stitches on the wrong side. It is very important that the dark floss be fixed under the dark ones, and vice versa. The only exception is those cases where this is not possible. For example, if you need to embroider a black eye on a pale pink face.

Thirdly, when embroidering segments of the same color, you should not transfer the thread by more than 3-4 crosses. Not only will such cross-stitching be untidy, it can greatly increase the consumption of threads. When embroidering dresses or tablecloths, where you can accidentally catch on such threads, you should refuse such transitions. Maximum 1-2 crosses to one side.

: perfect reverse in cross stitch

Cross stitch large pictures

After the first basics of cross-stitching have been mastered, many needlewomen dare to take on more complex work. Increasingly, their choice falls on paintings. And it is not surprising that you can decorate your apartment or house with them and easily brag to relatives, friends and just acquaintances.

Of course, you can embroider a picture using all the same skills that you already know. However, to get the job done quickly, you can learn a few new techniques. I would also like to note that it is advisable to embroider paintings larger than 25 centimeters on one of the sides on a tapestry hoop or simply on your hands.

In addition, to make it easier to embroider according to the scheme, it is recommended to use the "parking" method. Its essence lies in the fact that the rows in the picture are embroidered immediately. In this case, all needles and threads are simply attached where embroidery will be continued in the next row. Sounds a lot like parking a car, doesn't it?

True, for beginners, the question arises, why is this needed. It's just that when we learn to embroider, we do it in small jobs. There are few colors, which means that it is almost impossible to get confused and make a mistake. However, when large pictures are embroidered, the number of floss used can be more than 50 pieces. Naturally, in this case, it is very easy to make an error in the calculations, and you may not immediately notice it. As a result, you will have to dissolve part of the work. As a result, wasted time and, possibly, damaged embroidery.

Very detailed information on how to embroider correctly using the parking method can be found in this. The video very clearly shows the advantages of using it, and the author points out some tricks and subtleties.

: a lesson on cross-stitching using the "parking" method

Embroidery of napkins and tablecloths

However, for many, after the basics have been mastered, the second step is to embroider not paintings, but napkins, towels and tablecloths. And indeed, if you use thick cotton or linen, it is very similar to canvas. In addition, for small napkins, you can take the usual one for embroidery.

So, where to start embroidering a napkin? For the convenience of further work, you need to mark the contours of future embroidery using a special marker or pencil. This must be done carefully according to the chosen scheme. You can simplify the task a little if you embroider a border and fold the future napkin four times. Then measure from the middle along the edges the desired distance with a ruler. Draw lines with a marker, then connect. Do the same with the remaining sides.

If the napkin is completely embroidered, then you can do the same as when embroidering pictures. Actually this the best option for beginners. The main thing is just to make sure that the wrong side is perfect. It is when we learn to embroider on small jobs that this skill is easy to work out.

Now it remains only to understand how to sew already finished napkin. First, it must be washed, dried and steamed. The edge can be processed in two ways. The first is suitable for fully embroidered napkins. You can simply sew around with an overcast seam, which, moreover, can also become part of the decor. And because of its lightness, it is suitable for beginner needlewomen.

For the second option, you will need a sewing machine, preferably with a decorative stitch function. Bend the edges of the napkin inward, bait and stitch. Manually, such an operation can replace the “back needle” seam. You can choose any method. The main thing is to understand why it is needed and how it will fit into the general appearance of a napkin or tablecloth.

Clothes embroidery

Perhaps the most difficult thing in cross-stitching is decorating clothes. This type of needlework is absolutely not suitable for beginners. You need to be able to correctly mark out a place for future embroidery, do the job without flaws and not drag the canvas. Here the cost of error is too high.

So, how to embroider clothes with a cross? For the first experiment, it is best to take a coarse linen cloth, on which the interweaving of threads is clearly visible. As in the case of napkins, slowly mark the boundaries of future embroidery. Lining canvas is also used to embroider clothes with floss threads. Then you can simply pull it out along the thread after finishing work.

During cross-stitching, you need to follow the wrong side. Here it should be just perfect. And not only because it will be visible. While wearing, unretracted threads will interfere, and it will be simply inconvenient to wear such clothes. In addition, because of them, you can damage the finished embroidery. That is why we learn to embroider right away. It is much more difficult to relearn later.

For beginner needlewomen, another question arises. What you need to do first - sew or embroider. However, it is worth noting that it is much easier to work on a small piece of fabric than to twist the whole dress in your hands. Therefore, it is advisable to first do all the embroidery, iron it, and then sew.

For inspiration, see the following, where the needlewoman shares the process of embroidering her work.

The purpose of the lesson: Studying the technology of performing basic stitches and seams based on them.

Tasks:

1. Educational- to teach to perform tasks according to the model; to form knowledge on hand embroidery at the level of application in a similar situation; learn to self-assess the results of the work.
2. Educational- arouse interest in the culture and art of embroidery; improve aesthetics.
3. Correction-developing- improve the sensory and motor skills of students; develop Creative skills personality; to acquaint them with samples of the most popular types of embroidery, to develop speech and attention.

Lesson type: explanation of new material.

Teaching methods:

• theoretical training takes place orally, without keeping records by students, with the help of visual aids (instruction cards, magazines, old and modern samples) and schematic drawings of the teacher on the blackboard.
• practical training takes place on a sample (a flap of tissue) with the direct participation of the teacher and independently.

Material support:

• Scheme
• Samples
• Materials and tools.

Lesson plan:

1. History reference.
2. Classification of embroidery.
3. Tools and materials.
4. Practical work(workplace organization and safety). Hand embroidery technology.
5. Lesson results.

DURING THE CLASSES

I. Organizational moment.

History reference. (Introductory speech of the teacher).

Embroidery is a common type of arts and crafts, in which the pattern and image are made manually or by machine on different fabrics, leather, felt and other materials, linen, cotton, silk, woolen, metal threads, as well as beads, pearls, precious stones, and etc.

This kind of art arose a long time ago - its roots go back to the depths of centuries. (The words “Embroider, embroider something - sew patterns on something with wool, silk, paper, gold, etc.” - (V.I. Dal) are written on the board. Due to the fragility of fabric and thread, science is unable to determine exactly when managed to embody the beauty of native nature, their experiences and feelings in a patterned motif, determine the time of the emergence of this art.The samples of the most ancient embroidery in museums in Europe date back to the 5th century AD, and samples of Slavic embroidery have survived only over the past few centuries (most of all embroidery of the 19th century).

An embroidered white shirt is an integral part of women's and menswear any European people. An embroidered shirt was a characteristic feature of each locality and was distinguished by a peculiar ornament, technique of execution and a range of colors.

Embroidery was done almost exclusively by women. Every convenient moment was used for work: gatherings, for which the girls gathered on long autumn and winter evenings, hours of rest from field work in spring and winter.

Clothing was a peculiar characteristic of the girl's skill, her industriousness. That is why women's clothing was decorated extremely beautifully. A wedding chest with a dowry made by the bride's hands was a special pride of every family.

Embroidery was practiced in all strata of society - from the royal and royal families to the poorest peasants and artisans. In Russia in the XVIII-XIX centuries. almost all landlord households and monasteries had artistic embroidery workshops, the products of which were not only used for their own needs, but also partially went on sale.

From the second half of the 19th century, the art of embroidery gradually went beyond the limits of home crafts and in some places took on the form of a handicraft. In some places, entire villages live by this craft.

Komi land is a rich and picturesque land that keeps deep traditions of folk crafts and handicraft production. Folk costume- an invaluable inalienable heritage of the culture of the people, accumulated over the centuries. Clothing was decorated with embroidery and stripes made of silk or brocade fabric. Embroidery was carried out along the collar and shoulders in men's shirts, in women - along the bottom of the apron, and with stripes made of silk fabrics and brocade - the shoulders of the shirt and the bottom of the sundress. (Appendix 1) .

What is interesting in the Komi national costume is that the Izhma people did not use embroidery. The only exception was hats. They were divided into girls and women. If a Komi girl could walk without a headdress, then a married woman could not go out with her head uncovered. Headdresses were sewn from expensive fabrics and decorated with embroidery, beads, etc. (Appendix 2) .

Question: Girls, do you have items with embroidery in your house?
Question: In addition to garments, what else can be decorated with embroidery?
Question: Who was mainly engaged in embroidery?
Question: What was the pride of each family?
Question: What details of the clothes of the Komi costume were decorated with embroidery or patches?

So, you got acquainted with the history of the emergence of embroidery, its use in the clothes of different peoples, including the Komi.

And in our time, people willingly turn to the services of masters individual tailoring and craftsmen.

Artistic embroidery is one of the most common types of folk art, which embodies the best traditions of the people, brings and will bring joy to thousands of its admirers. This exquisite women's hobby will satisfy the need for beauty, the desire to decorate your life and leisure for a long time to come.

Demonstration of embroideries made by high school students.

II. Classification of embroidery.

All embroidery techniques are divided into counted (embroidery with a count of the threads of the base fabric, cross and other tapestry stitches on the canvas) and satin stitch (embroidery on white, on silk and velvet, gold embroidery, embroidery-appliqué, performed within the outlines drawn on the fabrics).

Fizminuta, including gymnastics for the eyes.

III. Tools and materials for embroidery (with demonstration).

When performing embroidery, materials, tools and fixtures are needed.

Fabrics and threads are used as the material. Canvas is used for cross stitching. The best embroidery threads are floss. They have a stable color, gloss and the necessary strength. In addition, iris, garus and synthetic threads are used.

Embroidery tools include hoops, scissors, and needles.

• The hoops are round, oval and rectangular, plastic or wooden. The main purpose of the hoop is to keep the fabric taut and prevent the embroidered pattern from shrinking.
• There should be two scissors: small ones with curved ends - for cutting threads, and large ones - for cutting.
• For work, you must have a special set of needles for embroidery. The thinnest needles No. 1 are used for embroidery on thin fabrics with thin threads in one addition. Needles No. 2-5 - for working on linen fabrics. Thick needles No. 6-12 - for working on dense tissues woolen, synthetic threads or iris. The eye of the needle should be oval and large enough to thread easily.

A device for translating an embroidery design is a pencil, carbon paper and tracing paper.

To transfer the drawing to the fabric, hard and soft pencils and colored carbon paper are used.

Tracing paper is transparent White paper, which serves to translate an image, drawing, ornament.

Question: What tools and devices do you know?
Question: What tools and fixtures did you work with?

Knowing the purpose of tools and fixtures, properties necessary materials we can start the practical part of the lesson.

IV. Practical work (transition to the area of ​​practical work).

Workplace organization.

The workplace for embroidery work should be comfortable, the light should fall on the left or in front. Tools and fixtures are conveniently placed on the right side of the table, and materials on the left. It is very important to take the correct position when embroidering, because. improper landing leads to rapid fatigue, and subsequently to stoop, curvature of the spine and myopia. During work, the body is slightly tilted forward, the distance from the eyes to work is 25-30 cm. The chair should stand so that you can lean on its back.

When embroidering, be careful when working:

• with scissors
• hand needle
• pins
• iron

Let's remember and repeat the safety rules when performing handmade and wet heat treatment. (Appendix 3) .

In the fourth grade, in the lessons of labor training, you went through the stitches “forward needle”, “backward needle”, “corners” and “tambour stitch”. Let's remember them. Here are cards with the image of embroidery stitches on one side and the name of these stitches on the other. Use the arrows to match the seams to their name. (Appendix 4) . Give the cards to the teacher.

Let's make familiar seams along one line on the sample.

• "forward needle"
• "tambour seam"

We take a piece of fabric (20x20) of one-colored chintz (it can be used) and transfer the lines from the card - scheme to it (Appendix 5).

We grab 2-3 threads of fabric at the beginning of the first line, pull the thread almost completely through the fabric and insert the needle into the loop left above the fabric. We carry out a seam “forward a needle” along the first line. A seam consists of successive stitches laid out along a contour line, which can be straight or curved. We sew the seam from right to left, the needle is always directed forward. The stitches should be the same in size, 2-3 mm long. The “needle forward” seam is used in sewing for outlining contours and for basting details; in embroidery, this seam is performed with thick threads.

We pass to the second line and performs a “chain stitch”. chain stitch corresponds to a chain of air loops connected to each other.

We direct the needle with the point down and each stitch forms a loop due to the fact that before the fabric is pierced and the needle comes out to the front side of the material, the working thread is placed on the fabric in an arc with the movement of the right hand. The needle then pulled out of the tissue is located above this arc. Chain stitch is used in Ukrainian folk embroideries.

Look closely at the board and find the seams you are familiar with. (Cards with the image of seams are attached to the board) (Appendix 6).

What seams are unfamiliar to you? (They answer and show at the board on the cards).

Today we will continue to study embroidery stitches and the new thing we will get to know is:

• "stalk seam"
• "loops with attachment"

The stalk seam consists of stitches, partially overlapping each other, and looks like a lace. In embroidery, it is most often used to make stems, but it can also be used to fill in circles or other shapes. It is more convenient to perform a stalk seam from the bottom up or from left to right. We direct the needle with the working thread back, we go out to the front side of the material approximately in the middle of the last stitch, the thread lies to the left or right of it. At the end of work with the thread, we fix it by passing under 5-7 stitches from the inside out and cut off the rest of the thread.

Next, we carry out the last seam “eyes with attachment”. This seam is very good for embroidering both vegetable (flowers and leaves) and geometric patterns. The seam consists of a loop secured with a small stitch. If several loops converge with their beginnings at one point, then a flower is obtained. In this case, we direct the needle along the radius of the circle from the center, put the working thread under the needle, After pulling the needle, we fix it with a small stitch and return to the starting point. To decorate the seam, you can fasten each loop not once, but two or three times, making symmetrical stitches.

V. The results of the lesson.

Self control: compare your embroidery design with the teacher's, pay attention to the evenness of the line and the length of the stitch.

Checking the work performed and evaluating.

Homework: finish the work, see if there are products with embroidery at home and how they were made.

Basic concepts: floss, hoop, carbon paper, needle-forward stitch, stalk stitch, eyelets with attachment, chain stitch. (Written on the board).