How to prepare emulsol at home. Coolant (lubricating fluids) for lathes. Method for preparing a whitening emulsion
If you want to make your own skin creams, this article is for you. In it, you will learn how to choose the ingredients and how to combine them correctly to create a homogeneous emulsion.
The content of the article:
Every woman who takes care of herself uses a face cream. Based on the fact that not all products are able to cope with one or another skin defect or such products are not cheap, the owners of the fair sex are thinking about making cosmetics with their own hands. Moreover, this process can easily turn into a hobby.
Walking through the expanses of the World Wide Web, you can get to blogs and people's comments about supposedly "miracle healing" remedies made from sour cream, honey, milk, kefir and other food products. But a full-fledged cream should not contain the above ingredients. In order for the mixture of components to look like a cream from the shelves of stores and have a shelf life of more than a month, its recipe must consist of water, oil and active phases.
The fatty phase includes oils, the aqueous phase includes distilled water, hydrosols and decoctions, the active phase includes vitamins, as well as powerful substances that are really aimed at eliminating skin defects. It should also be understood that oil and water cannot be mixed until a homogeneous consistency is obtained. For this purpose, an emulsifier is necessarily used. And in order for the cream to be stored not for a couple of days, but for a couple of months, preservatives are used.
All the necessary ingredients can be purchased at online cream shops. For the manufacture of skin care products, you should also order heat-resistant bowls, jewelry scales and a special thermometer. Don't forget to go to the "inventory" and "cosmetic packaging" categories before placing an order.
Before proceeding with the manufacture of the cream, it is necessary to draw up its recipe. If this is not done, the prepared product will delaminate and be unusable. Then, the fatty phase and the emulsifier are placed in one container, and the water phase is placed in the other. Both phases are heated in a water bath to 65-70 ° C, then mixed, stirring thoroughly with a glass rod (about three minutes) or a cappuccinatore (almost 30 seconds). To proceed with the addition of active ingredients to the mixture, it is necessary to wait until it has cooled down to a temperature of 40 °C. At the end of the preparation of the cosmetic, a preservative is added and be sure to mix it again with the other components of the cream. The finished emulsion is placed in a clean vial. The shelf life of such a product is usually from a month to six months. The cream should be stored in the refrigerator.
What is homemade cream made of?
Base oils, forming the fatty phase, are noted for the following advantages:
- They nourish the skin, saturating it with vitamins, minerals and other useful elements.
- Well moisturize the skin, regulating the water balance.
- Makes skin softer and smoother.
- Prevent occurrence.
- Reduce inflammation.
- Promote the rapid healing of wounds and cracks.
- Improve blood circulation and complexion.
- Protect skin from negative effects environment.
- Cleans pores, regulates oiliness of the skin.
For dry skin, you can take apricot, sesame, olive base oil, shea butter, avocado oil, or walnut. If you have oily skin, grape seed, hazelnut, black cumin oil is suitable for you, sensitive - sea buckthorn, apricot oil, jojoba or black cumin oil. The recipe can include both one oil and several. If you decide to use oils for skin care in their pure form, be sure to consider their comedogenicity, the ability to clog pores. So Coconut oil and cocoa butter are better for use as the main ingredients of hair masks or body cream, but not for the face in its pure form.
For the manufacture of skin care products, you can use liquid oils and butters-oils, that is, solid ones. The second option includes shea butter, cocoa butter, avocado, mango, coconut, etc. When choosing a butter, pay attention to unrefined cold-pressed oils.
As for emulsifiers, an emulsifier in the form of beeswax or guar gum is suitable for dry skin, sucrose stearate or cetyl alcohol for oily skin, and stearic acid or sodium alginate for sensitive skin. Other emulsifiers also exist, including Olivem 1000, a complex combination of fatty acids chemically similar to the lipid composition of the skin. The more emulsifier, the thicker the consistency of the cream. Olivem 1000 is usually taken at a dosage of 5%.
When developing a recipe for a future cream, be sure to follow the correct dosage of the ingredients. If you decide to prepare a nourishing night cream for dry skin, the oily phase should be a maximum of 50%, oily or normal - 20%. For day care, a moisturizer is used, where the oily phase reaches 5% (for oily skin), 15% (for normal) or 35% (for very dry).
Never use tap water as the aqueous phase! The best option- distilled water purchased at a pharmacy or ordered through an online store. Sometimes hydrolates, that is, flower waters, are added to such a phase in the amount of 10–50%. For dry and sensitive skin, hydrosol of rose, celandine, cornflower, calendula, ylang-ylang, cucumber, linden, lavender is suitable; for oily skin - chamomile, mint, parsley, plantain, hibiscus; , currants, roses, jasmine, for the combined - lemon, viburnum, juniper, rosemary, cucumber, parsley.
A face cream can be made without the use of actives, but if you want to get rid of age spots, acne marks, wrinkles and other skin defects as soon as possible, such components are a must! There are a lot of assets, here are some of them:
- From wrinkles: hyaluronic acid, AHA acids, Algo "boost, Bio-remodelant, caffeine, elastin, Relax" rides, royal jelly, ginseng extract, red grape extract.
- To moisturize the skin: hyaluronic acid, NUV, squalane, Fucocert, Honeyquat, royal jelly, cucumber extract, aloe vera gel, urea.
- To reduce inflammation and nourish the skin: allantoin, bisabolol, Fucocert, provitamin B5, royal jelly, cucumber extract, Sang du dragon extract, almond milk.
As a preservative you can use Cosgard, Phenonip, Suttocide A, Vitamin E, Leucidal. Usually the dosage of this component in the cream is 0.6-1%. Concerning essential oils(0.3-1%), they are not a mandatory component in the cream, but they create an additional effect and aroma. If you have dry sensitive skin, the essential oil of blue chamomile, rose, jasmine, lavender, sandalwood is suitable for you. Dry skin can also be accompanied by rosacea in the form of a vascular pattern on the face, in which case add rosemary, cypress, or verbena essential oil to the cream. For oily skin, oils of grapefruit, lemon, bergamot, rosemary are used. The oils of cloves, chamomile, pine, tea tree, eucalyptus fight well with acne.
If you are planning to get into serious cream-making, be sure to read the relevant literature. The fact is that effective cream- this is the cream that is balanced in fatty acid composition.
Pros and cons of homemade cream
During the manufacture of skin care products at home, you may encounter the following difficulties:
- If you do not follow the correct dosage, you can get severe allergic reactions, especially when you increase the amount of essential oils and actives used. To prevent this from happening, test the resulting product on your wrist.
- Fatty oils can clog facial pores, which can lead to pimples, blackheads, and blackheads. To prevent this situation, perform regular cleaning procedures.
- Do-it-yourself cream can only be stored in a cool place, otherwise its shelf life will be significantly reduced.
- To make even one cream, you will need to purchase various ingredients, as well as inventory.
- Due to errors in the calculations, the cream may exfoliate.
- You know exactly what ingredients are in the cream and how they are useful. What can not be said if we are talking about a product from the shelves of the store.
- You do not have to believe the notes written on the packaging of products, because you yourself are the creators of your cosmetic "masterpieces". Today you can prepare an anti-aging cream, in two weeks - with a skin whitening effect.
- Homemade creams are much cheaper than high-quality purchased products.
- Creaming can become your hobby, and you will probably already know what to give to your friends and relatives.
Recipe for homemade anti-wrinkle day cream
Regardless of the type of skin, the face must be moisturized with the help of cosmetics. Moreover, if there are any problems on the skin (freckles, vascular network, dark spots, peeling, etc.), the choice of ingredients for making the cream should be taken more carefully so as not only not to aggravate the situation, but also to correct defects. Most often, women are interested in how to prevent the occurrence of wrinkles and how to smooth them out if they have already appeared. Read the review.
Ingredients: distilled water (69.07%), mint hydrolate (2%), emulsifier Olivem 1000 (5%), rice oil (12%), apricot oil (4%), relax'rides active (3%), natural moisturizing factor (2%), vitamin E (0.33%), aloe vera gel (2%), preservative Cosgard (0.6%).
Let's say you decide to prepare 50 g of cream. To calculate how much distilled water you need to use to make a facial moisturizer, multiply 69.07 by 50 and divide by 100. The result is 34.54 g.
- rice oil often used to make a daily remedy for dry, rough, dehydrated skin and one that has lost elasticity and firmness, instead of which it has gained flabbiness. This oil does not clog pores, prevents the appearance of wrinkles, wonderfully absorbed into the skin.
- apricot oil include in the composition of means to improve complexion. Vitamin C, which is rich in oil, makes the skin more elastic, vitamin A is responsible for elasticity and hydration, vitamin F helps to accelerate the regeneration of skin cells, vitamins of group B have a good effect on the condition of the epidermis.
- Active relax'rides immediately after application reduces micro-contractions of the skin, while not paralyzing the muscles of the face. This substance fights wrinkles, reducing their depth and smoothing.
- Natural moisturizing factor includes glucose, dextrin, alanine, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, fructose and sucrose. The active protects the skin from moisture loss, improving the properties of the epidermis.
- Vitamin E fights the aging process and the appearance of wrinkles, tightens the skin and improves blood circulation. This antioxidant also promotes cell regeneration.
- Aloe Vera Gel has long been recognized as miraculous elixir, because it gently and deeply cleanses the skin, protecting it from negative impact environment. Aloe vera gel normalizes metabolic processes, moisturizes, nourishes and restores the stratum corneum. Thanks to lignin, which is part of this ingredient, healing substances penetrate into the deeper layers of the skin.
Other recipes for homemade skin creams
A wide variety of ingredients for creaming, presented in online stores, allows you to create products that eliminate various skin problems.
Cream for normal skin faces:
- Vanilla macerate - 15%.
- Emulsifying wax No. 3 - 3.5%.
- Distilled water - 79.9%.
- Coenzyme q10 - 1%.
- Preservative Kosgard - 0.6%.
How to make a cream combination skin:
- Prickly pear macerate - 10%.
- Vegetable oil sea buckthorn - 5%.
- Emulsifier Olivem 1000 - 5%.
- Damask rose hydrolat - 30%.
- Distilled water - 46.7%.
- Rosewood essential oil - 0.4%.
- Essential oil of blue cypress - 0.1%.
- Algo "boost Jeunesse asset - 2%.
- Vitamin E - 0.2%.
- Preservative Kosgard - 0.6%.
Making a cream for oily skin at home:
- Papaya vegetable oil - 10%.
- Buriti vegetable oil - 1%.
- Emulsifying wax No. 3 - 5%.
- Hamamelis hydrosol - 79.3%.
- Natural pineapple flavor - 2%.
- Active Bacti-Pur - 2%.
- Preservative Kosgard - 0.6%.
- Soda ash - 0.1%.
Cream for dry skin:
- Shea butter - 5%.
- Sweet almond vegetable oil - 20%.
- Vanilla macerate - 32%.
- Emulsifier Olive Protection - 9%.
- Cetyl alcohol - 4%.
- Distilled water - 29.4%.
- Preservative Kosgard - 0.6%.
Do-it-yourself acne cream:
- Thyme hydrolat - 15%.
- Distilled water - 58.48%.
- Jojoba oil - 10%.
- Emulsifier Olivem 1000 - 6%.
- Aloe vera gel - 6%.
- Cranberry powder - 2%.
- Lemon essential oil - 0.9%.
- Manuka essential oil - 0.6%.
- Rosemary essential oil - 0.3%.
- Preservative Kosgard - 0.6%.
Couperose cream recipe:
- Calophyllum oil - 8%.
- Safflower oil - 10%.
- Emulsifying wax No. 2 - 7%.
- Distilled water - 68.8%.
- Red grape extract - 5%.
- Italian immortelle essential oil - 0.4%.
- Vitamin E - 0.2%.
- Preservative Kosgard - 0.6%.
Video tutorials on creaming.
Light and gentle emulsion suitable for any type of skin. It evens out the complexion, gives the skin a natural glow and eliminates small pigment spots and irregularities. And also additionally tones the skin, moisturizes and nourishes it.
If you have never been fond of hand-made, we recommend that you take up this hobby right now, as it is not only exciting, but also beneficial for your health and beauty. You can easily get acquainted with the recipe for a rejuvenating emulsion and cook it yourself at home.
To prepare a whitening emulsion, we need the following ingredients
Oily phase
Water phase
- Hydrolat Neroli - 45 gr.
- D-panthenol - 1 gr.
- Cationic guar gum - 0.1 gr.
active phase
- Lemon essential oil - 3 drops.
- Lactic acid 80% - 2 drops.
- Essential oil of parsley leaves - 4 drops.
- Extract subcritical CO2 Licorice - 1 gr.
Method for preparing a whitening emulsion
For cooking, we need a clean container for mixing all the ingredients, as well as a kitchen scale so that they can be accurately measured.
Oily phase
We will start preparing the emulsion with the fatty phase. To do this, measure into a container Beeswax- 0.5 grams and emulsifier Sorbitan Monostearate (SPAN - 60) - 1.8 grams. We send the container with the added ingredients to a water bath until completely melted. Once the wax and emulsifier are melted, you can start adding the following components.
Without removing the container from the water bath, put the Butter Mango - 5 grams.
Water phase
In order to properly prepare the aqueous phase, the first step is to dissolve cationic guar gum - 0.1 grams in D-panthenol - 1 gram.
As soon as the gum has dissolved in D-panthenol, add Neroli Hydrolat - 45 grams. The container with the aqueous phase, as well as the fatty phase, is sent to a water bath and heated to 75 ° C.
Our two phases have warmed up to the desired temperature and now we can start mixing them. To mix both phases, gently gradually pour the water phase into the oil phase. After that, the resulting mixture must be thoroughly mixed with a mixer.
active phase
First of all, add lemon essential oil - 3 drops and parsley leaf essential oil - 4 drops to the container with our prepared mixture.
The final component will be a subcritical CO2 extract of Licorice - 1 gram.
We have finished adding all the ingredients and our serum is almost ready. It remains only to mix it thoroughly and transfer it to a cosmetic container convenient for use. Use the serum before bed.
Always yours,
Victoria Prutkovskikh.
Hello friends!
With the beginning of the heating season, I felt a lack of moisture in the air!
The skin, blooming and joyful in summer, began to signal: dry, do something!
The batteries were running out, and I had no choice but to do "something" :)
I decided to pay attention to inverse emulsions () again. they are great for the cold season (which we now have). Reverse emulsions have the ability to quickly restore dehydrated skin areas, are not washed off with water, provide better protection, create a barrier film that prevents moisture from evaporating from the deep layers of the skin (promoting its better hydration). Such emulsions are gradually absorbed, therefore (as I decided for myself) they are better suited for a night cream. However, you can also use them as day creams, make-up creams, protective creams in cold weather (for example, for children while playing in the fresh frosty air or skiing).
However, in addition to positive qualities, reverse emulsions also have disadvantages:
- they are recommended for dry to normal skin (because oily ones can clog pores)
- inverse emulsions can be more sticky and oily (depending on the emulsifier), spread worse on the skin (some have to be smeared, not everyone likes this feeling, although because of the properties I am ready to put up with such garbage :)
It's up to you to decide whether to make such an emulsion or not, and whether all the components are suitable for you, but I liked the effect: I made myself (and my mother) the first batch of nightly restoring cream back in September, now I'm going to make a new batch. So far for you - a tried and tested recipe :)
In order to make an inverse emulsion, we need patience (this is not that chloral, but it requires some labor costs :) and a special emulsifier that forms inverse emulsions.
I have it - Neocare.
The advantage of Neocare (apart from all its excellent properties for creating smooth and tactilely pleasant emulsions) is its liquid consistency.
Which means that you can not heat the components and make the cream in a cold way.
I used:
| % | Oily phase | G |
| 8,4% | sweet almond oil | 10,60 |
| 4,6% | macadamia | 5,85 |
| 0,9% | calendula | 1,20 |
| 0,9% | black cumin | 1,08 |
| 2,1% | evening primrose oil | 2,66 |
| 3,2% | babassu oil | 4,00 |
| 5,4% | emulsifier Neocare | 6,87 |
| 0,8% | raspberry ketone | 1,00 |
| Water-active phase | ||
| 8,8% | aloe vera gel | 11,08 |
| 1,9% | willowherb asset | 2,35 |
| 0,8% | preservative phenoxetol | 0,95 |
| 4,2% | glycerol | 5,26 |
| 2,3% | d-panthenol | 2,90 |
| 1,2% | salt | 1,50 |
| 37,8% | rose hydrolate | 47,80 |
| 16,8% | neroli hydrolate | 21,22 |
What to do?
We mix all the components of the fatty phase!
First oils, then raspberry ketone is added there (it is fat soluble)
Adding emulsifier for Neocare inverse emulsions
Separately mix the water-active phase:
Hydrolats and aloe vera gel, d-panthenol, glycerin
We dissolve ordinary table salt in them.
I must say that the salt solution in our cream not only helps to stabilize the emulsion (therefore, it must be added), but also contributes to a better penetration of substances into the skin layers.
The active component of Willowherb, which has an anti-inflammatory and healing effect that prevents the appearance of acne and blackheads, can be added both to the aqueous phase and to the finished cream. Likewise with a preservative.
And now a short master class on preparing an inverse emulsion:
Thinly drop by drop we add the aqueous phase to the fatty phase, while stirring the fatty phase simply with a spoon or a whisk.
Mayonnaise is prepared in a similar way in cooking.
Then we mix our emulsion for 2-3 minutes at high speeds with a mixer or blender (I had to change the container along the way :).
This process is not over! It has just begun!
Now you should mix the emulsion with a spoon, whisk or mini-mixer for 10-20 minutes.
At the same time, I didn’t tense up, I drank tea, chatted with my husband :)
With my hand free from cookies and tea, in passing, I stirred the cream with a mini-mixer for 10-15 minutes.
It got thicker and thicker. Gradually, the water and oil phases stopped separating from each other, and the mini-mixer began to slow down - thickly!
Hooray! This is what we need!
To be sure, I stirred it for a minute with an immersion blender. The procedure may be superfluous, but the consistency satisfied me :)))
As you can see in the photo, the consistency is quite liquid, more like condensed milk (???), if such a comparison is appropriate.
I needed this one. But in general, you can add thickeners (like xanthan) or reduce the oil phase - so the emulsion will be denser and thicker (yes, this is the paradox of inverse emulsions: more water - thicker emulsion! more oils - thinner emulsion!)
website in any way without the written permission of the site owner website is prohibited and entails liability under the laws of the Russian Federation on copyright protection.Any cream, balm, mask, conditioner consists of LIQUIDS AND FAT. The main difference between these funds is the proportion of fat and liquid. For example, for cooking masks or creams take up to 30% fat and 70% water. Content fat in ointments or oily winter creams reaches 70%. For cooking balm or conditioner depending on hair type 1 to 10% fat. But since fat does not mix with liquid, we need EMULSIFIER. One of the most important components in the cream are ASSETS- vitamins and other useful supplements that directly nourish your skin and hair. Well, the last, also important component is ESSENTIAL OILS, which give not only a pleasant smell, but also actively affect the skin and hair.
You can read more about each block of components in other articles in this section:
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As a liquid, juices, decoctions, hydrosols or distilled water are used. Very important for emulsification is water phase quality, which should be distilled or soft drinkable, since hard water makes emulsification difficult and can contribute to the separation of the components after mixing is stopped.
As fat: oils are used depending on the desired effect, which you can read about in the article about.
There are two types of emulsifiers depending on the desired fat content of the cream.
1) DIRECT (oil in water)- little oil and a lot of water. The water part reaches 80%. This cream, balm, mask, conditioner is light and absorbs well without leaving a greasy sheen, but direct emulsifiers can attract water and can lead to dehydration of the skin over time, so it is best not to use them on dry, mature and thinned skin.
2)REVERSE (water in oil)- little water and a lot of oil. The oil part of such a cream reaches 60-70% of the volume. Reverse emulsifier protects and nourishes the skin. Such a cream, the mask is very oily, it is absorbed for a long time. Emulsifiers in such cases are wax, lanolin (consists of fat removed from sheep wool during washing, lime carbonate and potassium chloride), lecithin (an ester of phosphoric acid and alcohols, soy lecithin is common - a mixture of natural phospholipids and soybean oil).
Smell in cream remains of oils and esters. The smell of hydrolates disappears or a thin, thin trace remains! Sesame oil smells especially strong!
Face cream at home
To PREPARE CREAM we need
1. One glass container for the aqueous phase, but it is not for storing the finished cream and the fatty phase will pour in here
2. glass container for the fatty phase (including solid oils along with liquid ones, they will warm up perfectly together)
3. Glass container for assets (because plastic is not recommended and especially for essential oils)
4. Jar for finished cream
5. Pupsik-spray with vodka or alcohol (for disinfecting jars for cream and dishes, spoons that are involved in the process)
7. Mixer or small fork for whipping.
8. Fatty phase, water phase, emulsifiers, actives, esters.
9. Water thermometer.
10. Scales, a cut syringe for measuring liquid.
You can use a tried and tested or, or come up with a recipe based on the tips given in this article and information about the properties of oils, assets and other ingredients by clicking on the links above.
What is ZhF and VF
Oily phase(zhf) - base and flower oils and, if present in the recipe, vitamin E.
Water phase(vf) - consists of water or hydrosol, or decoction, water-soluble active substances, such as allantoin.
Also in the aqueous phase to lower the ph level, you can enter malic acid(increases skin elasticity) lactic acid, citric(stimulates the production of collagen), with a total weight of up to 0.5%
How does an emulsifier work?
Some sources write that the emulsifier is dissolved in a dispersion medium (which is more) and after complete dissolution and bringing both phases to the same temperature, the fat is mixed with the liquid, and if a direct oil-in-water emulsion is prepared, then the oil is gradually poured into the water with an emulsifier and vice versa to obtain a water-in-oil emulsion, water is introduced into the oil with an emulsifier. In fact, where to dissolve the emulsifier and what to pour into what does not really matter, because. obtaining a homogeneous mixture of oil-in-water or water-in-oil depends on the hydrophilic-lipophilic balance of the emulsifier.
To obtain a direct emulsion (oil in water), a hydrophilic emulsifier (HLB from 8 to 15) is needed, and a reverse emulsion - a lipophilic one (HLB from 3 to 8). Here is an example of an emulsifier formula: There is a "tail" in the formula, which can be either hydrophobic or hydrophilic. If there are more hydrophobic (oil) tails, the less is the ability to hold more water, and vice versa, if there are more hydrophilic (water - OH) tails, the greater is the ability to hold a lot of water, so an emulsion will turn out oil-in-water.
That is, when choosing an emulsifier, you need to be guided by the properties of the desired cream, its fat content (water in oil or oil in water) and the properties of the emulsifier. In the description of the emulsifier, the percentage of input and the temperature in which it dissolves (usually 50-70 degrees) are usually written, and for which emulsions it is intended.
Active ingredients in the cream
active substances elastin, plant active substances (for example, aloe vera, meristem extract), flower extracts, and D-panthenol (synthetic analogue of vitamin B5.) can act. Normalizes skin metabolism, regenerates cells, penetrating inside the hair, enveloping it with an elastic film gives flexibility and hair elasticity and shine), silicones added to an almost ready-made cream after it has cooled to hand temperature. The same goes for essential oils. If the assets are water-soluble, you need to cast a small part of the VF, dissolve the assets in it and add it to a slightly chilled cream, then they will mix well with the cream.
An example of the calculation of the aqueous and fatty phases.
On CREAM EXAMPLE oil (30%)-in-water (70%) with a volume of 50 ml.
Fatty phase (LF) = 50*70%=15 ml.
1. Choose an emulsifier for cream oil in water. The percentage of emulsifier input is usually written on the package. Let's take 3% as an example.
50*3%=1.5 ml.
2. Actives (vitamins and other additives), although they are introduced at the end of cooking, they belong to the fatty phase. Let's take 0.8 ml. assets.
3. Essential oils - take 0.2 ml.
4. So, from 15 ml. 15-2.5 = 12.5 ml remained. - so much base oils we will take to prepare the cream.
Water phase (WF) =50*70%=35 ml.
1. Count water-soluble gelling agents, thickeners, if they will be used. Let's take guar 1% - 50 * 1% \u003d 0.5 ml.
2. The rest is liquid - 35-0.5 = 34.5 ml.
If we add preservatives, then they must also be taken into account in one of the phases. The percentage of input is written on the package and in which phase to dissolve. Use of preservatives is recommended natural:
Propolis - the dry matter of propolis should be poured with a small amount of oil and heated to 60 degrees in a water bath. After propolis is dissolved in oil, you can add it to a cream or mask. The proportion of propolis in the finished product should not exceed 5%.
- grapefruit seed extract - 0.1-1% of the total weight of the cream
- beeswax - is both a preservative and an emulsifier, up to 5% in cream
- Malavit - 15 drops per 50 ml of cream
- walnut leaf extract.
Walnut extract can be an excellent preservative both due to its own properties and due to the fact that alcohol is also present in the composition, which is also a preservative. Walnut leaves and shells contain juglone, an antibiotic with great bactericidal activity. Even in the smallest concentrations, juglone inhibits the vital activity of bacteria, including microorganisms. The extract is added to facial skin creams and lotions, shampoos and hair care products, preparations before and after shaving, as well as suntan products.
It is necessary to strictly observe the ratios in the recipe of the components and the amount of emulsifier. Just do not confuse grams with milliliters, because. the density of substances is different, and 1 gr. does not correspond to 1 ml.
How to make cream
Measure the ingredients
you can use a medical syringe or at the rate of 1 ml - this is an average of 20 drops. You can also use a spoon in measurements:
1 tablespoon - 20ml
1 dessert l. - 15ml
1 tsp - 5ml
1 coffee liter - 2.5ml
1ml=20 drops, 1 drop=0.05ml.
In a 5 ml measuring spoon (1 standard teaspoon):
glyceryl monostearate (full spoon) 2.9 g;
wheat emulsifier - 3.2 g;
emulsifier Planta-M - 3.4 gr
zinc oxide -3 g.
The smallest spoon (1/4 teaspoon) in the set contains:
Guar 0.7 gr (regular and cosmetic)
Chitosan 0.2 gr
Marine DNA 0.4 gr
Oat silk 0.6 gr
Vitamin C 0.7 gr
Potassium sorbate (without a slide) - 0.4 g
Salicylic acid 0.5 gr
All spoons without a slide!
Caffeine in 1.25 ml (the smallest spoon) - 0.9 gr.
Cetyl alcohol in 1.25 ml 0.7 gr.
Sucrose stearate in 1.25 ml 0.9 gr.
Stearic acid in 1.25 ml 0.6 gr.
Titanium dioxide in 1.25 ml 0.4 gr
hyaluronic acid in 1.25 ml 0.3 g
And finally, the creation of cream
1. We heat the fat phase and the water phase in separate containers in a bath. 
2. Guar, xanthan or other gelling agents are dissolved in the aqueous phase to create a gel-like emulsion.
3. We dissolve the emulsifier in the fatty phase, in the description of which the percentage of input and the temperature in which it dissolves are usually written (usually 50-70 degrees). If the emulsifier is wax, then it is better to melt it separately, and then pour it into the oil, because it melts at temperatures above 70 degrees, and oils at this temperature may lose their properties.
4. After complete dissolution of the emulsifier and bringing both phases to the same temperature, mix the fat with the liquid. 
When mixing the phases, be sure to stir in one direction. You can stir with a spoon or a mixer, then the cream will cook faster.
5. When the cream acquires the consistency of sour cream, continuing to stir, the cream must be cooled by placing it in a container with cold water. The emulsion will become more stable. 
6. When the emulsion cools down to 35-40 degrees, add assets and esters to it. Mix again, cool.
7. We determine the indicator strips (normal about 4). 
If the pH is greater than 5, add the solution drop by drop. citric acid, lactic acid or lemon juice to the level of the desired acidity.
Cream is ready! Keep refrigerated
Problems that may arise:
1. When xanthan was added, stickiness appeared. This happens in case of an overdose of xanthan.
2. Guar in overdose can turn into lumps.
3. Water exfoliates if the water-fat-emulsifier ratio is not maintained, or if the mixture is poorly mixed, or if the cream is cooled sharply. It is better not to immediately put it in the refrigerator. Try mixing again, if it doesn't help, revise the recipe and make a new one.
4. The cream turns out exactly like shaving foam ... Airy, fluffy, light with bubbles consistency .. When you whip, you capture a lot of air. Try lowering the mixer deeper so that the cream mixes in depth. Reduce speed and whipping time
5. When I melt ZhF together with emulsion wax, it first melts, and then some white flakes form on top - and they float directly on top, there is no way to get rid of them. - ZhF is brought almost to a boil, the temperature should be tested by touching the wrist with a fork, with which I stir the phases. Should be well warm, but not to burn.
6. The cream turned out to be grains, like semolina - the wax did not melt. Water in the bath should be poured to the level of liquids in the cups.
1. It is not necessary to use a mixer, you can beat with a small dessert fork. Moreover, the creams are completely different depending on the proportion of liquid and solid oils and the emulsifier used.
2. When you make creams with red extracts, the color of the cream is somehow faded and not pink and not white, but when you drop a few drops of lactic acid, the color is immediately so refreshed, just so lively and becomes concrete - either white or pink .
3. Lactic acid, as an acid, is not compatible with xanthan, destroys its structure, so it is better not to use this combination.
4. It is better to add alcohol extracts to the finished cream while adding all the assets so that the cream does not become liquid.
Option 1: add the extract to the aqueous phase and then combine with oily = liquid cream
Option 2: make a cream from the aqueous (only hydrolate) and fatty phases, beat it i.e. bring to the desired density and whiteness, and then an extract is added to the already cold cream, so the cream does not liquefy.
5. With oily and oily skin, it is better not to use solid oils in creams. You can only Mango butter, and even then in winter creams and a little. Grapeseed is positioned for oily skin, Hazelnut oil. So, for oily skin - no butters; and in general the oil phase needs to be smaller; it is better to add guar/xanthan to the water phase; in MF, together with emulsifiers (to reduce fat content), add cetyl alcohol to face creams, and stearic acid to body creams (arms and legs).
6. Shea Butter, if you work with it in a cold way, is also an emulsifier. The principle is this - it is necessary to rub it, without heating, with a spatula to a creamy state, then beat with a whisk. You need to beat for a long time, otherwise the cream may delaminate. When a soft texture is obtained, liquid oils and water, aloe gel are added a little bit at a time. Beat well, add vitamins, esters. If the skin is oily, then add corn or rice starch (up to 5%).
The proportions should be
2 parts shea
1 part liquid oil
1 part water
7. Aloe gel is easier and better to make yourself. Real aloe gel is very expensive, but Low quality completely and may well cause an allergic reaction. The highest quality gel is definitely the most cooked one, you know for sure that it is natural. It is very beneficial for the skin and is often used in recipes. We cut the aloe aged in the refrigerator into pieces, pass through a meat grinder, and then through a sieve. What remains is pure juice. We put in the refrigerator for a day. Then we filter through a sieve again, add vodka (25% of the juice) and then guar by eye until it thickens.
The simplest cream formula:
(1/3 oils + 2/3 water) in a total volume of 120 ml, 1 tsp. emulsifying wax, 1/3 tsp. xanthan.
It turns out a wonderful cream with a delicate and pleasant texture, close to industrial creams. The cream is well absorbed and stable.
Anyone, even a novice metalworking specialist, knows that when performing turning work on a machine, it is imperative to use cutting fluids (coolants). The use of such technical fluids (their composition may vary) allows you to solve several important problems at the same time:
- cooling of the cutter, which is actively heated during processing (respectively, extending its service life);
- improving the surface finish of the workpiece;
- increasing the productivity of the metal cutting process.
Types of coolant used in turning
All types of coolant used for turning work on the machine are divided into two large categories.
Water based coolantOil-based coolant
Such liquids remove heat from the processing area much worse, but provide excellent lubrication of the surfaces of the workpiece and tool.
Among the most common coolants that are used in metal processing on lathes, the following can be noted.
- A solution of soda ash (1.5%) in boiled water. Such a liquid is used when performing rough turning on a lathe.
- An aqueous solution containing 0.8% soda and 0.25% sodium nitrite, which increases the anti-corrosion properties of the coolant. It is also used for rough turning on the machine.
- A solution consisting of boiled water and trisodium phosphate (1.5%), almost identical in its cooling effect to liquids containing soda ash.
- An aqueous solution containing trisodium phosphate (0.8%) and sodium nitrite (0.25%). It has improved anti-corrosion properties and is also used in rough turning on lathes.
- A solution based on boiled water, containing in its composition a special potassium soap (0.5–1%), soda ash or trisodium phosphate (0.5–0.75%), sodium nitrite (0.25%).
- Water-based solution containing 4% potassium soap and 1.5% soda ash. Coolants, which contain soap, are used when performing roughing, as well as shaped turning on a lathe. Potassium soap, if necessary, can be replaced by any other soap that does not contain chloride compounds.
- A solution based on water, to which emulsol E-2 (2–3%) and technical soda ash (1.5%) are added. Coolant of this type is used when, for the cleanliness of the machined surface of which there are no high requirements. With the use of such an emulsion, workpieces can be machined at high speeds.
- An aqueous solution containing 5–8% emulsol E-2 (B) and 0.2% soda or trisodium phosphate. With the use of such a coolant, fine turning is performed on a lathe.
- An aqueous solution containing emulsol based on oxidized petrolatum (5%), soda (0.3%) and sodium nitrite (0.2%). You can use such an emulsion when performing roughing, as well as finishing turning on the machine, it allows you to obtain surfaces of higher purity.
- An oil-based fluid containing 70% industrial oil 20, 15% 2nd grade linseed oil, 15% kerosene. Coolant of this composition is used in cases where high-precision threads are cut and workpieces are processed with expensive shaped cutters.
- Sulfofrezol is an oily cutting fluid activated with sulfur. This coolant is used when turning with a small cut section. When performing rough work, characterized by active and significant heating of the tool and workpiece, the use of such coolant can be harmful to the machine operator, as it emits volatile sulfur compounds.
- A solution consisting of 90% sulfofresol and 10% kerosene. Such a liquid is used for threading, as well as for deep drilling and finishing workpieces.
- Pure kerosene - is used when it is necessary to process workpieces made of aluminum and its alloys on a lathe, as well as when finishing using oscillating abrasive bars.
Features of the use of cutting fluids
For the use of coolant to be effective, a few simple rules should be considered. The flow rate of such a liquid (regardless of whether it is an emulsion or an aqueous solution) should be at least 10–15 l / min.
It is very important to direct the coolant flow to the place where the maximum amount of heat is generated. Such a place when performing turning is the area where the chips are separated from the workpiece.
From the very first moment that turning is performed on the machine, the cutting tool begins to heat up actively, so coolant should be applied immediately, and not after some time. Otherwise, with a sharp cooling of a very heated one, cracks may form in it.
More recently, an advanced cooling method has been introduced, which involves the supply of a thin stream of coolant from the back of the cutter. This method of cooling demonstrates particular efficiency when, on a lathe, a tool made of high-speed alloys is required to process a workpiece made of hard-to-cut materials.
It should be borne in mind that coolant is not used in turning materials that are highly brittle (cast iron, bronze, etc.), in which small chips are formed. Such shavings, mixed with the cutting fluid, can clog the elements of the caliper, carriages and guide beds, which leads not only to their premature wear, but also to failure.