How to adapt a child to kindergarten? Possible problems and their solution. Adaptation period for a new employee - how much is equal in duration, methods and desired results How long does it take for a child to adapt to kindergarten

Brothers and sisters.

At the age of 5-6, conflicts with brothers and sisters escalate. This happens not so much because of jealousy as such, but because of the inability of the child to direct his feelings in a positive direction - to give his mother a gift and hear praise. Show him how to behave.

In the turmoil before September 1, not many parents have time to think about such a phenomenon as the child's psychological adaptation to school. Meanwhile, in one day for a first grader, the whole way of life changes. Games fade into the background, and now the main activity is studying in a completely new place and in an unusual team.

What is an adaptation period?

Adaptation can be described as getting used to new living conditions. For a first-grader, this is almost a shock period, as the school changes the daily routine, duties and social circle of the child. He finds himself in a new environment where you need to quickly build good relationships with peers and with teachers. Moreover, from the first school day children have to follow a lot of unfamiliar rules, many of which turn out to be quite difficult.

It is very important that parents understand how difficult it is for their baby at this moment, and support him in every possible way. Adaptation is a multifaceted process, covering several aspects of life, so family members should help in a complex way, and not just with homework.

How long is the adaptation period?

Adaptation period to school can last from a couple of weeks to six months or even more. The specific time depends on the nature of the child and the conditions in which he lived for the last 2-3 years. Obviously, kindergarten kids get used to school easier than home children, simply because they are familiar with the tough daily routine and a large group of peers firsthand. An important factor is the child's self-esteem and parental attitude.

It is also no secret that sociable extrovert children quickly adapt to school reality, while introverts often keep all fears and worries in themselves, which somewhat slows down adaptation.

Signs of successful and difficult adaptation

A child can be congratulated on successfully adapting to school if he enjoys the learning process and does not experience excessive self-doubt. The fact that he copes with the curriculum, if it does not involve increased complexity, is also an indicator. But main feature well-passed adaptation is the degree of independence of the student. If he himself understands that when he comes home he needs to do his homework, and calls you for help only when something does not work out for him, then your baby is doing an excellent job with this difficult stage in life. Play a role and relationships with classmates. The appearance of friends at school is necessary condition for the comfort of the child.

The increased fatigue of the baby and sleep disorders speak of a difficult adaptation. She is also characterized by disbelief in her own strength and unwillingness to learn: “I’m afraid”, “I won’t succeed”, “I don’t want to go to school tomorrow”, etc. The number of friendly contacts of the child in the class also matters.

The absence of at least two good friends for 2-3 months at school is an alarming bell. Perhaps, in these cases, it is worth visiting a neurologist, who can prescribe a course of sedative drugs with a nootropic effect. These tools include Tenoten for children - it increases the concentration and memory of the child, calming and helping to adapt to school conditions.

First of all, the psychological attitude of the child, which is largely formed by parents, is important. Constantly let your baby understand that learning is a serious process that requires effort. Everything cannot be perfect, and small setbacks are inevitable. At the same time, do not forget to emphasize the advantages of the school: communication with new guys, all kinds of extracurricular activities and travel, the joy of learning victories. In general, talk about school in a positive way, recalling interesting stories from your school life.

If your child is not yet doing well with routine tasks such as cleaning the table and changing clothes after a walk, take the time to correct this situation. The independence of the child in such trifles greatly facilitates school everyday life and does not allow the child to feel lagging behind the rest.

Pay special attention to doing homework. The option when the parents themselves seat the child at the table at a convenient time for them is completely unsuitable. The home schedule should have a specific time for the learning process. The ideal time is from four to six in the afternoon, when the baby has time to relax after school, but still does not feel evening fatigue.

It is advisable to postpone enrollment in circles and sections until the second quarter or at least October, so that the load on the child does not exceed its critical maximum. At the same time, additional activities should please the child and perform the function of switching to a new type of activity. In other words, a mug of English language if it is already taught at school, at first it is better to prefer the sports section.

Parents also should not build Napoleonic plans and see their child in advance as an excellent student. A first-grader needs help and understanding more than harsh requirements. You can ask the baby "to the fullest extent" only at the moment when he begins to demonstrate a stable emotional state and good performance. In the meantime, until the full completion of the adaptation period, treat mistakes and shortcomings with understanding.

One of the first tests that a child will have to face in life will be adaptation to kindergarten. Morning crying, screams and protests are considered by many parents to be practically the norm and try not to pay attention to them. But this is the wrong position, the baby is already so difficult, he needs to be supported and helped. Therefore, every mother should know how to accustom a child to kindergarten in order to protect him from severe stress.

Training

Many mothers make a big mistake when they begin to introduce the baby to the kindergarten on the eve of the first day. When thinking about how to accustom a child to a kindergarten, conversations need to be conducted from the moment the baby began to speak. Of course, a son or daughter is unlikely to understand the full meaning of what was said, but such conversations will become the foundation. It is necessary to tell the child about the people around him, about the goals, tasks and responsibilities.

The kid should learn well that the mother does not disappear forever, she will definitely return and take him home. In addition, adaptation can take place gradually, there is no need to give the child immediately for the whole day.

It will be useful for mothers to get to know and establish contact with the future teacher in advance. Together we need to develop a specific strategy and understand how to adapt the child to kindergarten. Mom must trust the teacher herself and inspire this trust in the baby. He must clearly know that while the mother is not there, all questions must be addressed to the teacher.

About three months before the moment the baby needs to go to kindergarten, the mother must prepare for this really important event in the life of the little man.

At what age should you go to kindergarten?

Previously, psychologists insisted that it is better to send a child to a kindergarten after three years, when he is physically and mentally strong, and is also ready to “let go” of his mother. But in recent years, the belief that the baby should be taken to the garden until the age of three has become increasingly popular. In some ways, this is convenient: he easily adapts to a new environment and often calls the teacher mom. But in this case there is a certain problem: the development of a natural attachment to the home and parents is disturbed in the child. In the future, this can negatively affect the baby's perception of the adult world.

It is difficult for a child to adapt to new conditions and feel confident without mother's support, so often a child's adaptation in kindergarten is very difficult.

If possible, it is better to stay with the child at home until the age of three. The appearance of the youngest is not a reason to take the elder to kindergarten. You need to teach him to be an assistant and support, make him friends with the baby. Strong relationships between children established since childhood will become a good basis for later life.

Schedule

Particular attention should be paid to the daily routine of the child. It must be built in such a way that the routine is as close as possible to that which will be in the garden. If the baby no longer sleeps during the day, it is worth teaching him to at least lie quietly in his bed at the allotted time. It will be useful to tell him about finger games, explain how to compose poems or fairy tales. Morning rise should be an hour before the intended exit from the house.

Trips to the toilet

To make it easier for the child to get used to the kindergarten, you need to teach him to go to the toilet on the potty or on the toilet. This skill will help the baby feel more confident in an unfamiliar environment. It will be good if the child gets used to going to the toilet “in a big way” at a certain time.

Parents need to eliminate all snacks and slightly reduce the calorie content of the daily diet. This will help awaken the feeling of hunger. The child must learn to eat quickly and independently. If he can’t do this, it’s worth considering - perhaps the baby is still too small to attend kindergarten.

Knowing the characteristics of your child, you need to talk with the teacher and ask her to be more attentive and patient with the baby, giving him the opportunity to finish the meal. Many kindergarten workers are sympathetic to the requests of parents and try to facilitate the adaptation of the baby.

Hardening and recovery

Each parent should harden their children, but to a greater extent this applies to those who are thinking about how to accustom their child to kindergarten. Frequent illnesses are inevitable, since the baby will communicate with a large number of children in an environment unusual for him. Strengthening the immune system will help to avoid various complications.

Walking in nature in any weather, water procedures of all kinds and cool drinks are useful. So the child's body will be more resistant to infections and colds, and the baby will not suffer from a constant runny nose and cough.

Separation from mom

Often the child, parting with his mother, begins to cry. If, after much persuasion, the baby still stays with relatives and feels good, you need to change the “tradition” of parting. You can involve the child in the care process: ask him to bring a purse, wave to mom through the window, or take him to the elevator. Such "duties" will help the child feel like an adult.

If the baby is very nervous without a mother, does not want to play and eat, you should seek help from a psychologist. Often this behavior is the result of parental mistakes. The increased anxiety of the mother before parting and excessive custody on a subconscious level disturb the child and prevent him from feeling comfortable.

In this case, it is best to create situations where the baby himself will ask his mother to leave. For example, he needs to make a gift for his parents, or he played with friends at a party and does not want to leave. It is necessary to ask the baby more often to personally monitor the order in the absence of the mother, to remember the daily routine. At the meeting, parents should ask their son or daughter about the successes and find out how they spent the day. Praise and approval will be the best incentive for the child to repeat such a feat again.

Relationships with peers

Before adapting a child to kindergarten, you need to observe how he communicates with other children. Teach him to cooperate with people, offer his peers his toys and respond correctly to the reluctance to communicate with him. You can take him to children's rooms so that he knows how to keep himself busy during the agreed time and does not ask to go home as soon as he gets bored.

Do not worry!

Taking the child to kindergarten in the first days, parents are always nervous. But mommy must understand that excitement and anxiety are natural. It is not worth projecting them onto the child, as he subtly feels the mood of the mother. There is no need to discuss possible difficulties with the baby, but it’s also worth “drawing” ideal pictures. The optimal position is the awareness of the need to attend kindergarten.

First day in the garden

Parents should know that if a child goes to kindergarten, adaptation may not begin from the first day. This is due to the fact that the baby simply did not understand that he would have to do this every day and, moreover, stay for a long time. Therefore, it is too early for mothers to rejoice. Often this problem occurs when the process of addiction is delayed. In the early days, caregivers allow mothers to be in the garden with the child, and he takes it for granted. It is better to leave him for a couple of hours alone in a group and wait in the locker room if the child does not let his mother go.

Run away or leave?

The first question that interests all mothers who are experiencing a child's addiction to kindergarten is the care process. How best to leave: secretly escape or get permission from the baby? Because of this, there are constant disputes and discussions, but the smartest thing is to study the characteristics of the child's character and choose your own strategy. You can ask the teacher to help and distract the baby.

Release the morning!

Morning should be mom and baby time. No problems or worries should prevent them from enjoying each other's company. It is better to leave all questions and affairs for the evening. In the morning, the mother should be decisive and gentle in order to convey the appropriate mood to the baby.

Every evening, crossing the threshold of the kindergarten, it is necessary to leave behind all the chores and devote time exclusively to the child. By all appearances, mom should show how glad she is to meet and how she was waiting for this moment of reunion.

In no case should you feel sorry for the child because he is in the garden all day. It is better to emphasize how much fun he has there, how many friends he has and what delicious food. All the negativity, even if it exists, and your own experiences should not be passed on to the baby. Show him an example with your own attitude to life - this will be the best contribution to his adult life.

Work is not forever!

When developing a plan for how to accustom a child to kindergarten, you need to form positive attitude to work and responsibilities. It is necessary to explain to the baby that everyone always returns from work, and also that they do not live in the kindergarten. Every time you need to emphasize this with examples: dad went to work, he will help other people and will definitely come home in the evening. Over time, the child will get used to this and will be sure that his mother will always come back and pick him up from the garden.

Only positive!

All complaints and dissatisfaction of the child must be beaten and presented in a favorable light. Mom should help the baby look at the situation from a different angle and with a positive. It is necessary to admire the kindergarten more often and convince the child that he is very lucky that he can go there. On the way to the garden, you need to describe in colors all the delights of communicating with children and concentrate his attention on pleasant little things: interesting toys, exciting activities and favorite dishes.

What time of the year is best to go to the garden?

Mothers often think about how much a child gets used to the kindergarten and when it is better to start driving it. Psychologists and pediatricians assure that the best time is the end of summer and the beginning of spring, and the worst is the end of autumn and winter. This is due to the fact that the child must get used to the kindergarten before the start. school year. In addition, the peak of diseases falls on the autumn-spring time.

If the baby is crying...

All children adapt in different ways: one gets used quickly, and the other child cries in the kindergarten and calls for mom. Tears in the locker room are common and parents shouldn't worry too much about it. It is important to pay attention to how the baby behaves after he enters the group. If he is distracted and starts to play, then the adaptation is going well.

But if a child cries in the kindergarten all day long, refuses to play and eat, then he needs help. Severe adaptation can be accompanied by regression: the baby urinates in his pants, sleeps poorly at night and does not let his mother go a single step. In this case, all loads on nervous system crumbs must be minimized, surrounded by care and warmth. The child must have a clear confidence that he is loved, and his mother will never leave him.

It is unlikely that it will be possible to accustom a child to kindergarten quickly and painlessly, because children find it difficult to perceive a new environment without a mother. Parents should be patient, and then the baby will definitely please them with their successes.

Elena Perevalova
adaptation in kindergarten. From work experience

Essay on the topic of:

« Adaptation in kindergarten»

Every child, in a certain period of time, must become able to live among other people, i.e. "socialize". At the beginning, the baby grows up in a family environment and gets used to a certain routine of life (daily routine, diet, to a certain environment, ways of handling him, to the requirements of the household. He has developed certain habits, developed a style of behavior relationships with family members. By the age of 2-3, all habits become stable.

When a child enters a preschool institution, his usual living conditions change. And, of course, for the baby this is a difficult task that requires behavioral adjustment. During this period, the child may experience problems (diseases, loss of appetite, sleep disturbance, emotional disturbance, which, with the passage of adaptation period..some parents not realizing "temporality" this phenomenon begin to panic. Take children from kindergarten without giving him a chance adapt. They have particular difficulty in adaptation period children who are accustomed to communicating only with their parents or who do not know the refusal of anything.

So Kirill K. entered my group on June 1, 2013. A boy from a complete family, before entering the preschool educational institution, he communicated mainly with his mother, father, and grandmother. From the first days reluctantly remained in kindergarten, communicated with children with difficulty, began to get sick often. The parents, in turn, decided that it was all the fault of the oversight, the wrong attitude of the educators and others towards the boy. workers garden and took the child.

How long does it take adaptation period and what is its nature?

It all depends on the following features;

*child's age

the younger the child, the harder to adapt

* state of health, level of development

a healthy, well-developed child is more likely to endure difficulties adaptation

*individual characteristics

When children enter kindergarten, they behave differently in the first days. Some are capricious, crying, refusing to eat, sleep, ask their mother. But, some time passes, literally a few days, and the child's behavior is changing: appetite, sleep are restored, the child follows the game of his comrades with interest. Other children, on the contrary, in the first days willingly enter the group, are calm, but after a few days they refuse to go to the garden, when parting with their parents they cry, refuse to eat, sleep, do not play. This can go on for quite some time long time and that's okay.

*an experience communication of the child with peers and adults.

Average duration adaptation in young children lasts 2-3 weeks. But even such a relatively short period for the child is far from harmless. A positive result depends on how jointly parents and kindergarten workers will work.

I I work in a rural kindergarten where children begin to come to the garden at 2 years old. I believe that educators and parents during this period have a common task - to help the child enter life as painlessly as possible. kindergarten.

And here's for a less painful passage adaptive child's period I spend the next work;

*before the child enters kindergarten for a long time I have deep conversations with parents (preferably both dad and mom). I find out as much as possible about the child's life at home (how the child uses the toilet, how he falls asleep, wakes up, whether he knows how to eat himself, about favorite toys, type of communication, level of independence in self-care, etc.). I take into account the information received in the process of subsequent individual work with a child.

During the conversation, I introduce you to the daily routine in the kindergarten. We discuss together what needs to be done to harmonize the home and kindergarten regime. If the baby has difficulty communicating with peers or communicates only with parents, I advise parents to take him to school more often. playgrounds, invite his peers to visit. In the case of the habit of what all adults do for the child, I draw the attention of parents to the fact that they encourage any desire of the child to do something on their own (supported his desires; to eat, dress himself, etc.). At home in the family, I advise you to create a calm climate for him. In the early days, do not leave kindergarten for the whole day before taking home. To inspire the child that he has grown up, he is even taken to Kindergarten.

Coming in children's the child's garden should be gradual. At the beginning, they bring to the group to get acquainted with educators, with peers, look at toys with him, and arouse interest in a new environment.

I talk friendly, affectionately with the baby (in the obligatory presence of the mother, I help to change clothes, showing the locker. I invite the baby with his toy, and go to the group with the mother. I convince the mother to play a little with the child and other children in the group, because in the presence of a mother, the child feels protected.I introduce the baby to toys, try to involve him in games.Then I ask the mother, having warned the child, to go away for a while (to be in the waiting room, and by all means return. This will show the child that he was not deceived, and he can trust.

Every day I increase the time the child spends in kindergarten. Every morning I greet the baby in a welcoming and friendly manner. I tell him that toys and other children are waiting for him. I try to interest the child in different games. If he continues to follow me, I put him on a chair, offer to examine his favorite toy.

During regime moments, I take into account the individual characteristics of children, their habits and preferences. If the child is used to falling asleep at home with his favorite toy, then put his toy next to him. While falling asleep, I caress the child, when asked to sit with him, I sit next to him. I'm trying to win the trust of the baby.

The faster the baby feels trust in me, establishes contact with me, the calmer he will endure the changes in his life, separation from loved ones.

An indication that the period adaptation ended, is the good physical and emotional well-being of the child, he enthusiastically plays with toys, treats me and the children of the group kindly, painlessly leaves his parents in the morning, meeting them with a smile in the evening.

In any family, sooner or later the time comes to give the child to children's institution. The reasons are very different. Most often, it’s just time for mom to go to work, as parental leave is coming to an end. The temperament and home habits of all children are different, so they endure a new environment for themselves in the same way: someone easily gets used to and makes contact with caregivers and other children, while for others this process is painful.

The question of how to adapt the child to kindergarten, this article will be devoted to.

Why do parents send young children to kindergarten?

In some families, the child is given to kindergarten before the age of three. This can be done for several reasons:

the child himself is so eager to go to the garden that he literally forces his parents to take him there;
it is easier for the mother to cope with the adaptation period and help the child in this, because she will not have to go to work for a few more months, which means she will be able to pick up her baby early;
the family is short of money, and the food in the kindergarten is much more varied and high in calories than homemade, and much more.

Whatever the reason for sending their child to this state institution in each case, parents should take into account the peculiarities of the child's adaptation to kindergarten, to new conditions for the baby. Some children do better than others, but in the end, 99% of babies successfully adapt to changes in life.

Benefits of Kindergarten for Toddlers

Until school age begins, parents are in fact the only authority for the child. But it is important to remember that from the age of three, a child should begin to communicate with peers, develop sociability and sociability. Kindergarten fully copes with this task, providing a lot of opportunities. The main problem is the question of how best to adapt the child to kindergarten.

Advantages of the children's community:

In a team of peers, it is much easier for a child to learn and understand self-care skills: learn to put on clothes on their own, clean things and toys after themselves, and learn to follow the rules of personal hygiene.
Thanks to being in kindergarten, children develop communication skills, kids learn to reckon with common interests and work in collaboration with other children. The successful adaptation of a child in kindergarten is especially important for the development of these skills in children who are the only ones in the family.
The attitude from infancy "I - mine" passes into the understanding of "ours - common". Children begin to willingly help others, share toys.
Children receive various information and experience, which contributes to the rapid development of speech, logical thinking, musical abilities and artistic inclinations.

Every mother who intends to soon take her child to kindergarten should think over the process of helping the child during the adaptation period in advance. There are several tips from psychologists and educators on this matter:

It is not necessary to arrange from visiting a kindergarten. You need to try to explain in advance to the baby where he is going, why, what he will do there, and so on.
It is advisable to find out the approximate program for the development of children adopted in the garden, and begin to acquaint the child with its key points. This is important for solving the problem of how to facilitate the child's adaptation to kindergarten.
All explanations should be as simple as possible, with positive attitude to get your child interested in gardening.
If housing is located near a kindergarten, you need to walk more often on its territory.
It’s good to get to know the educators who are recruiting a group in advance and introduce the baby to them. And what better baby recognizes the teacher before he stays with him without a mother, so it will be easier for him in the future.

Regarding the strengthening of the health of the baby, before starting to visit the garden, you should pay attention to the following tips for adapting the child to kindergarten:

First of all, you should prepare the child's immune system for an early meeting with new viruses. Most likely, the baby will still be sick for some time.
When the family goes on vacation in the summer, it is better to give preference to the climatic zone that is available in the territory of permanent residence, so as not to experience acclimatization. If a trip to the sea is planned, the vacation should be calculated in such a way that the child stays on the coast for a whole month (and not seven days, as most often happens). It is important to know how to adapt a child to kindergarten for health, as the crumbs' immune system works at full capacity, adapting to changes, and instead of healing, the condition worsens in the first five days. Therefore, if for financial or any other reasons it is not possible to provide the child with thirty days of stay at sea, it is better to refuse to visit him at all (at least in the year when the baby starts attending kindergarten).

How to make it easier for educators

No need to think that only for parents is big problem adaptation of children to kindergarten. For educators, this is also a difficult process, and parents can help them and their children. You need to remember the following:

Do not think that educators are obliged to teach the child all the skills he needs themselves. This is the child of his parents, and the more independent skills they instill in him at home, the easier and faster will be the adaptation to the new environment.
You should start observing the daily routine at home adopted in kindergarten, at least two months before the start of his visit, so that the baby has time to get used to a certain ordered system of actions, as well as to the order in which these actions should be performed. This will easily help solve the problem of how to adapt a child to kindergarten.
You need to try as early as possible to start developing your child in socially: to instill in him the skills to speak correctly, be able to ask questions and answer them. This is good for going to clubs. early development children.

The duration of the adaptation period

Many parents are interested in the question of how long it takes for a child to adapt to kindergarten. There is no definite answer to it, since a lot depends not only on adults, but also on the nature of the baby, as well as his environment and the period of preparation for the first day of going to a children's institution. So, for example, there are special adaptation clubs where you can give your baby before going to kindergarten with him.

It may happen that only one child of a similar age attends the early childhood development club closest to home. For a start, it is suitable, but after a month the institution will have to be changed.

A group with an average attendance of 5-7 children of the age of a child is ideal, where parents are allowed only for the first 1-3 classes, and then they work with the children on their own. It would be nice if there is video surveillance, and parents, being in the waiting room, control the learning process of their child. This will instill in the child the ability to obey new adults, communicate with peers and gently prepare the immune system to meet the new microflora.

At best, the adaptation of young children to kindergarten takes place over the course of a month, sometimes the period reaches three to four months, and for some children a couple of weeks is enough.

Changes in behavior

For every mother, her child is the best, most beloved and most obedient. He does not scream or be naughty at home, fulfills all requests and helps his mother, goes to bed on time and plays on his own. But then the child went to kindergarten, and everything changed beyond recognition: the baby began to scream, or, on the contrary, calmed down completely, stopped helping, dress or undress on his own, forgot the skill of using the potty, perhaps he even began to beat his mother, bite and break the dishes …

The list of possible changes is endless. This is all a sign of the ongoing adaptation of the child to the new environment. It is not worth sounding the alarm, all this is natural and predictable.

What to do if behavior has changed

Regardless of how long the garden lasts, parents will soon begin to notice changes in the behavior of the baby. This is where the following tips can come in handy:

The first thing psychologists advise is to be patient. At first (from two weeks to three months), children cry, change their behavior, become aggressive. They are protesting against the destruction of their usual comfortable and safe living environment.
Do not leave your child in kindergarten all of a sudden. It is easy to captivate a little man with something new, and he will willingly go to a group without tears and screams, becoming interested new toy. But if the mother, in joy from such behavior, leaves without saying goodbye, the baby may throw a tantrum the next day at the mere mention of the kindergarten. He does not understand where the mother disappeared to the previous day, the problem of adapting the child to kindergarten in this case may be aggravated.
Perhaps the baby will stick to the parents both mentally and physically, and will only let go with a roar. This is a normal reaction to too abrupt a change in life. Do not immediately leave the child for the whole day. Better at first - for an hour or two, then before lunch. From the second week you can already leave it for the whole day.

Preparatory games

At the age of three, most often children still do not understand explanations, notations and shouts. For them, all learning takes place through the game, and this feature can be used to your advantage and think about how to quickly adapt the child to kindergarten.

With a certain regularity, it is worth carrying out with a child role play“mouse-baby visits kindergarten” (instead of a mouse, any toy that the baby loves the most can be taken). The purpose of this game is to make the baby feel safe, comfortable and interested in the garden. The most important thing is that if there is no time to play, it is better not to start it today, because each new game into a mouse-baby must necessarily end with the arrival of mom, a hug, a kiss and going home. It is important to remember and understand how to properly adapt the child to kindergarten.

It is better to skip some (washing hands, walking) than to stop the game until the evening arrival of mom. You can invite your child to tell the little mouse himself how good it is in the kindergarten, why he goes there. Let the baby become an older brother / sister for the mouse and protect him. Parents at this time need to listen very carefully to what the child will say. Most often, persuading a toy, children describe their problems and experiences, and having understood your child, you can better help him survive the difficulties of adaptation.

How to make it easier for a child to adapt to kindergarten

You can help the adaptation problem in the following ways:

Allow the child to take home toys with him the next day (if it is not prohibited in the garden), he will show her his locker, crib, high chair. Let him plant a pet next to him in the classroom, because in this case it is not just a toy, but a part of the house, a mother substitute.
Children's visit preschool- a huge stress for the crumbs, even if he does not show it outwardly. He cannot relax with caregivers, he is afraid to do something wrong. For this reason, having come home, the child may be capricious - he "throws off" the stress accumulated during the day. You can cope with this by increasing the physical activity of the baby, games.
When you go to pick up your child, you can take a soccer ball with you or ask friends who have a dog to come with you. The child will be just happy to play outdoor games with parents or run a dog on fresh air. Thus, he will relieve stress, get tired and easily fall asleep.

Why do you need sleep

To answer the question of how to adapt a child to kindergarten, one should be aware of the importance of adequate sleep. The more the child sleeps, the better. At first, he can wake up in the middle of the night, cry, scream, rush to his mother in fear that she will not pick him up next time. In the first two weeks, children often dream about this, especially if contact with caregivers is not found. Be patient - it will pass.

During sleep, the body rests and restores emotional and physical strength, so this time is very important.

Parental behavior

Since the parents themselves should first of all facilitate the adaptation of the child to kindergarten, a lot depends on their behavior during this difficult period. Often they themselves are to blame for the protracted adaptation of the child.

If they scold the kindergarten or the teacher in front of the baby, they scare him with the garden, if bad behavior discuss with all relatives, but do not show good things to anyone, then the child will be doubly hard. He needs support, not censure, and considers this behavior of his mother as a betrayal.

It’s better to forget about tears completely and just ignore them, distracting you with a game. In the presence of the crumbs, it is necessary to praise the kindergarten, educators, and other workers. Focus on how well the baby adapts, what (albeit small) successes he has today, what he can achieve in a month, a week, by the end of the year. This will help solve the problem of how to quickly adapt the child to kindergarten.

You need to come up with your own special ritual of farewell and meeting with the baby, discuss the details with him and teach him to observe them. Then the child will develop the habit of saying goodbye without tears, going to bed on their own, asking the teacher for leave when they came for him.

Conclusion

The key to successful adaptation of the child is the calmness and confidence of parents in a positive end result. The child "reads" the information and becomes calmer. Therefore, if a mother cannot look at children's tears, moreover, she subconsciously expects them all the time, let the father or another, more calm-minded family member take the first month or two of the child.

Most children acquire psychological readiness for kindergarten at the age of 3-4 years.

This is the child's ability to communicate with other children, that is, to be able to share or exchange toys, not to take toys from other children and not to fight with them. But the most important thing is the ability to part with your mother. You understand that if a child breaks up with his mother for the first time on the first day in kindergarten, then nothing good will come of it. So your task is to accustom the child in advance to the fact that you can be absent.

By this age, the child is already:

owns the simplest self-care skills (asks for a potty, eats and drinks on his own) and shows interest in independence in everyday life (eating from a spoon, washing, dressing)
can be explained in words, tell, ask for something
can stay without mom for a while
can play alone
during the day he falls asleep on his own, quite quickly and calmly, he has one dream during the day;
generally easily makes contact with children and adults, knows how to ask for and provide assistance
loves to play and communicate with other kids, even those he does not know
loves various games, activities (creative and intellectual)
interested in new things, asks questions

he does not have excessive affection for any of the adults
the baby has a generally stable positive mood at home
His regime is close to that of a kindergarten (he gets up easily in the morning, falls asleep early in the evening)

How to help your child get used to a new stage in his life

Preparing the baby for visiting kindergarten should begin no later than a month before entering it. Psychologists believe that the most The best way to introduce the baby to a new role and space for him - a game in kindergarten. Play both positive (holidays, walks, joint games) and difficult situations(the need to do what they say, eat what they offer, rivalry for one toy, and so on).

An important point is playing the parting with mom. You can play hide and seek (you can’t see your mother, but you will definitely find her) or “ball and thread”: show the child that even unwinding the thread for a long distance, the mother always stays with the child, and there is always such a magic thread between you.
It may still not be clear to the kid what “mom went to work” is, so it is important to tell him about your work, that people need you. It is also important for him to know how his mother misses him and is waiting for a meeting in the evening. A story about how you will spend the evening and weekend together can comfort the baby on the way to kindergarten more than suggesting to him the installation "Everyone goes there, and no one cries."
It will be great if the baby already has experience of communicating with peers in circles, in developmental classes, or simply in "children's" guests.
Also, if possible, organize an excursion to the kindergarten for the baby - to the territory and to the group. You can get to know the teachers in advance.
It is useful to teach the child self-care skills and compliance simple rules kindergarten: you need to wash your hands before eating, hang clothes on a high chair, speak polite words, clean up toys after yourself.

How long does the period of adaptation to the garden last and how does it manifest itself in the child's behavior in the garden and at home

Usually there are three options for adapting a baby to kindergarten - easy adaptation, medium and heavy.

Easy adaptation occurs within a month: behavior normalizes, appetite becomes normal after a week and a half, sleep improves in 1-2 weeks, the baby does not get sick.

Adaptation of "moderate severity": sleep and appetite return to normal after 3-5 weeks, within a month the mood may be unstable. The baby can get sick with SARS for several days.

You should not react sharply to the antics of the child at home and punish him for whims. Remain calm, patient and caring attentiveness. He has a difficult period in his life. Do not worry too much and do not create super-comfortable conditions when the baby is ill - so that he does not have the prerequisites to run away from life's difficulties into illness. Children quickly set up their immune systems in the right way to give themselves "holidays". Attention during illness should be given as much as is really necessary. It is worth creating conditions that show that being sick is boring, but when the child recovers, the opportunity to play independently returns.

You can’t completely ignore the baby’s feelings: the tactics “nothing, it will suffer and stop, everyone gets used to it” can violate your mutual trust, and also negatively affect the baby’s attitude to public institutions in general (school, circles, camps). It is important that the child knows that you will support him at any time and help him establish new relationships.

About the difficult course of adaptation they say when, even after a month and a half, the baby has symptoms of maladaptation:

he is seriously ill for a long time
development slows down
his mood changes frequently
disturbed sleep and appetite
the baby may experience vomiting, headaches, enuresis, tics, stuttering in speech, apathy, unstable body temperature in the absence of diseases, restless sleep and crying at night, irritable mood, fits of anger, tantrums
he is "sticky" or vice versa does not trust his parents, behaves like a little
new fears and neurotic movements appeared (rocking, sucking fingers, grimaces, aggression)
after kindergarten, he is motorally disinhibited (rushes, screams)
in the group does not communicate with any of the guys.

With this form of adaptation, it is necessary to observe and consult a doctor and psychologist.