Significant dates October 28. Significant events in the world of music - days of memory

28.10.2017 08:00

Ukrinform

Today in Ukraine is the Day of Remembrance of the victims on the occasion of the 73rd anniversary of the expulsion of the Nazis from Ukraine.

) October 28, 1944, during the Second World War, the westernmost region of Ukraine - Transcarpathia, was liberated from German and Hungarian troops. The day was established "... for the purpose of nationwide celebration of the liberation of Ukraine from fascist invaders, honoring the heroic deed and sacrifice of the Ukrainian people in World War II ..." according to the Decree of the President of October 20, 2009. The expulsion of the Nazis from Transcarpathia began on September 9, 1944, during the East Carpathian strategic military operation, the components of which were the Carpatho-Duklyansk and Carpatho-Uzhgorod front-line offensive operations. During the Carpatho-Uzhgorod operation, the troops of the 4th Ukrainian Front received the Carpathian passes and advanced in Transcarpathia. On October 16, Soviet troops captured the city of Rakhiv, on October 24 they liberated Khust and Svalyava, on October 26 - Mukachevo, and on October 27 - Uzhgorod. October 28, 1944 is considered to be an established date for the cleansing of Ukraine from the Nazi invaders. In fact, there was still Chop - an important railway junction on the border of Transcarpathian Ukraine, Slovakia and Hungary. On October 28, 1944, Soviet troops approached Chop. As a result of a fierce battle that lasted all day, on October 29, troops of the 17th Guards Rifle Corps, 237, 8 and 138 rifle divisions liberated Chop. But soon the Nazi troops launched a counteroffensive. Separate areas of Chop changed hands several times. Chop was finally released only on November 23, 1944. On the same November 23, the Nazis were expelled from the village of Sholomon (now Solomonovo). Today it is the westernmost settlement of Transcarpathia and all of present-day Ukraine. Therefore, this date should have been associated with the expulsion of the Nazi invaders from Ukraine within its current borders, because until 1945 Transcarpathian Ukraine was still considered the territory of Czechoslovakia. During the East Carpathian military offensive, not only Transcarpathia, but also part of Slovakia were liberated. Soviet troops inflicted a serious defeat on the 1st German Panzer Army and almost completely defeated the 1st Hungarian Army. The losses on both sides were considerable. The Germans and Hungarians lost about 60 thousand killed, 28 thousand of their soldiers were captured. As for the Soviet side, more than 50 thousand servicemen died, of which more than 41 thousand were killed and wounded, almost two thousand were missing, and there were many frostbite. On this Day, the fallen soldiers are commemorated by laying flowers at the monuments, and other traditional memorial events are carried out.

At the same time, on this day, at the initiative of the International Animated Film Association (ASIFA; International Animated Film Association), since 2002, it has traditionally been celebrated International Animation Day. On October 28, 1892, in Paris, at the Grevin Theatre, the French inventor Emile Raynaud for the first time publicly demonstrated his apparatus - a praxinoscope, which showed moving pictures. Since then, animation has come a long way: from simple black-and-white silent cartoons to mind-blowing developments of 3D - 4D animation. However, whatever computer programs and no matter how fast technology develops, nothing can replace the artist in this matter, because the character, as well as his adventures, must be invented. It should also not be forgotten that animated films are created not only with the help of a computer, but also from materials such as sand, plasticine, clay, paper, paints, etc. Cartoon characters can be created with a pencil, but they can also be dolls, or ordinary household items. Making cartoons is not cheap - one minute of animation costs up to 10 thousand dollars. International Animation Day is celebrated in more than 40 countries around the world and more significantly, of course, in France. But other countries, such as Canada, USA, Brazil, Italy, Portugal, Sweden, India, Japan are actively joining the celebrations. Animation day is even in countries such as Burkina Faso and Cameroon. Every year on the International Animation Day, at the request of ASIF, one of the world's famous animators creates a poster - a visual symbol of the holiday. International Animation Day is a good opportunity to recall the animation masterpieces created in the past, as well as to show new experimental works by young artists, to exchange their own experience for specialists at seminars. Sometimes world animated premieres are scheduled for this day. Although Ukraine is not a member of the International Association of Animated Films, we have something to be proud of, because Ukrainian animation during its existence, which is 90 years old (the first cartoons in Ukraine were filmed in 1927), has created many worthy examples of animation art. Ukrainian directors, screenwriters, animators brought prizes from festivals in the USA, Japan, France, Switzerland, Poland, and other countries. Today, Ukrainian animation art is hard to imagine without such names as Evgeny Sivokon (“Beware of nerves!”, “Snow will cover the road ...”, Irina Gurvich (“How the wives of their husbands sold”), Volodymyr Dakhno and Eduard Kirych (authors of the animated series “ Like Cossacks...”), Vladimir Goncharov (“Stone on the Road”, “My Years”), David Cherkassky (“The Adventures of Captain Vrungel”, “Treasure Island”), Stepan Koval (“There was a tram number nine”), Oleg Pedan ("Iron Wolf", "Bright Personality"), Alexander Bubnov ("The Last Wife of Bluebeard", cartoons about Sherlock Holmes), Ekaterina Chepik ("Fiction").

Events of the day:

400 years ago (1617) in the tract Staraya Olshanka near Tarashcha (now Kiev region), the Olshansky agreement was concluded between the hetman Petro Sahaydachny and the commander of the Polish army Stanislav Zholkevsky. The terms of this agreement reflected the search for a compromise between the Cossacks and the Polish government. According to the Olshansky agreement, the Cossack register was set at 1 thousand people, however, at the request of the foreman, the Polish Sejm had to determine the final number of registered Cossacks; the Cossacks were given the right to elect a hetman, who was approved by the Polish king; for the service of registered Cossacks, the Polish government was obliged to pay salaries; the registrars had the right to live only in Zaporozhye; they were forbidden to make trips to the Crimea and Turkey; those citizens who joined the Cossacks in the last 5 years were excluded from the Cossack army, and non-registered Cossacks returned under the authority of the elders and gentry. The Olshansky agreement caused great discontent among a wide range of registered Cossacks, and therefore the Polish government failed to implement it.

Anniversaries of the day:

13 6 years since birth Dmitry Yakovlevich Makogon (1881-1961), Ukrainian writer, cultural and educational figure. Father of Irina Vilde. He taught in rural and private schools in Bukovina and Galicia. He made his debut with a collection of poems "peasant idyll" (1907), in which he wrote with bitter irony about the hopeless life of a peasant. The poetry "Two Letters" - about the sad fate of an emigrant and his family - spread to Bukovina and Pokuttya as a folk song. The anthem of the radical party of Bukovina was his poem "To fight". However, the main place in the writer's legacy is occupied by prose works - collections of stories "School Pictures" and "Teacher's Benefits", "In Our Villages", "Against the Wave". hallmark creativity of Dmitry Makogon is the widespread use of folk humor. In the post-war period, he published humoresques in newspapers and almanacs. Irina Vilde (Daria Dmitrievna Makogon (husband Plotnyuk)) - Ukrainian writer, author of the famous novel "The Richinsky Sisters" recalls the atmosphere that reigned in the Makogon family: "I can proudly say that I grew up in perfect family... A cult reigned in our family (let's not let ourselves discredit this good word!) of mother. Mom - it was the highest and final authority in all controversial issues. Now I only realize what a colossal value it had for the formation of my worldview, my worldview and the fact that I never heard that my parents not only quarreled, but spoke among themselves in a hostile tone ... My father was for me a model of social virtues...” Dmytro Makogon’s grandson, Yarema Evgenyevich Plotniuk (1935-2012), was an orientalist, translator, and taught at the Department of Oriental Studies (established, by the way, on his initiative in 1997) of the Lviv National University.

Born on this day Bill Gates (1955), American businessman and public figure, philanthropist. A programmer, one of the founders (together with Paul Allen) of Microsoft Corporation (until June 2008 was the head of the company), a knight of the British Empire (2005), one of the richest people on the planet - the fortune of an American as of September 2017 is estimated at more than 84 billion dollars. Bill Gates never went to business training or read books like How to Make a Million in his entire life, but he wrote Road to the Future and Business at the Speed of Thought. The last one, published in 1999, became a worldwide bestseller and has been translated into more than 25 languages today. Gates is hard to surprise, but he still wonders how his wife Melinda managed to convince him, an ardent pragmatic rationalist, to marry. Today, the couple are raising three children, Gates' marriage is quite happy. “Spending money wisely is just as hard as earning it. In the future, I plan to engage in meaningful distribution of money, if, of course, I have something to distribute ... What is a business? It's a great game: minimum rules and maximum drive, and the score in this game is kept in money" (Bill Gates).

Today celebrates his birthday Julia Roberts (1967), American film actress and producer. Now she is the highest paid actress in the world, winner of the Oscar and Golden Globe awards. Julia Roberts was born in a small town in the state of Georgia, and she had a difficult childhood. As a teenager, she worked as a waitress, while her older brother Eric was already a success in his acting career. Impressed by this, Julia began to take her first steps in acting, participating in amateur productions. After graduation, she moved to New York, where she attended acting classes and signed a contract with the Click modeling agency. Her first role was a cameo appearance in the film "Fire Brigade". Her first film success was in Steel Magnolias (1989), for which Julia Roberts received a Golden Globe Award and an Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actress in 1990. A year later, she received the status of a "Hollywood star" after playing the title role in the melodrama "Pretty Woman" (1990), which brought her a second Golden Globe Award, a second Oscar nomination and a BAFTA nomination in the Best Actress category. » 1991. Playing the title role in Erin Brockovich (2000), Roberts won numerous awards, including Oscar, Golden Globe, BAFTA and Screen Actors Guild Awards for Best Actress. In 2014, Julia Roberts was nominated for an Oscar, Golden Globe, BAFTA and Screen Actors Guild Award for Best Supporting Actress in August: Osage County (2013). Among the most famous films of Julia Roberts - "Wedding best friend”, “Notting Hill”, “Mexican”, “Ocean's Eleven”, “Mona Lisa Smile”, “Eat, Pray, Love”. In total, the films in which Roberts has played have grossed over $2 billion, making her the number one actress in the world at the box office. In addition, the actress has repeatedly, including this year, admitted to being the most beautiful woman of the year.

1893 The premiere of Pyotr Tchaikovsky's Sixth (Pathetic) Symphony took place in St. Petersburg
Always immensely strict with himself, the composer this time was pleased with his creation. “In this symphony,” he wrote, “I put, without exaggeration, my whole soul ... I positively consider it the best and especially the most sincere of all my things.” The audience accepted the brilliant work of Tchaikovsky with very moderate success, which amazed and discouraged the author. 5 days after the premiere, Pyotr Ilyich, after drinking a glass of raw water, contracted cholera. November 6, he died.

Born on this day

1759 Birthday anniversary of Andrei Voronikhin, Russian architect, author of the Kazan Cathedral in St. Petersburg
Voronikhin Andrei Nikiforovich (1759-1814), Russian architect, representative of the Empire style. Works in St. Petersburg Kazan Cathedral (1801-11), which laid the foundation for a large urban ensemble on Nevsky Prospekt, the Mining Institute (1806-1811) are marked by monumental and strict solemnity. Participated in the creation of architectural ensembles of Pavlovsk and Peterhof.

Events, facts, incidents

1939 Announced the entry of Western Ukraine into the USSR and the Ukrainian SSR
In November 1939, as a result of the division of spheres of influence between the USSR and Germany, the territory of Western Ukraine became part of the Ukrainian SSR.

1974 Olga Rubleva (1974), Russian track and field athlete, three-time Russian champion in the long jump

1971 Leonidas Sabanis (1971), Greek weightlifter, vice-champion of the 2000 Olympics

1970 Anatoly Lavryukov (1970), Belarusian judoka, bronze medalist at the 2000 Olympics

1968 Mikhail Nestruev (1968), Russian athlete, world champion in bullet shooting

1963 Vika Tsyganova (1963), Russian singer (Russian Vodka, Drunk Summer, Walk, Anarchy, My Angel)

1963 Eros Ramazotti (1963), Italian singer

1955 Bill Gates is born (1955)

1953 Konstantin Grishchenko (1953), current Ambassador of Ukraine to the United States (since 2000)

1949 Vladimir Onishchenko (1949), football coach of Kyiv "Dynamo" and the youth team of Ukraine

1932 Vladimir Ivashko (1932), First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine

1932 Roman Viktyuk (1936), Russian theater director, theater manager (A Clockwork Orange, Salome) was born

1930 Svatopluk Pluskal (1930), Czech football player, two-time world vice-champion

1914 Jonas Salk (1914), American microbiologist, inventor of the polio vaccine

1884 Maria Spiridonova (1884), Russian revolutionary, leader of the Left SR party, terrorist, organizer of the anti-Soviet rebellion in 1918

1869 Konstantin Mamontov (1869), Russian general, white Cossack ataman, organizer of a horse raid behind the Red Army

1855 Alexandros Zaimis (1855), President of Greece

1696 Moritz of Saxony (1696), French marshal, count, commander-in-chief of the French army (1745-50)

2002 British tank blown away by the wind

2002 B south korea"lost" 90 athletes

1999 A closed auction was held on the Internet for the sale of the putin.ru domain, registered by unknown enterprising figures

1996 The Ministry of Emergency Situations was created in Ukraine

1995 Residents of the Japanese district of Gunuma folded from paper the world's largest crane with a height of 16 meters and a wingspan of 25.7 meters

1995 Up to 300 people died due to an explosion and fire in the Baku metro (the worst disaster in the world history of the metro)

1994 For the first time, forward Andriy Shevchenko appeared in Dynamo Kyiv (in a game against Shakhtar Donetsk)

1989 The Ukrainian Ecological Association "Green Suite" was founded

1989 The Ukrainian language was proclaimed the state language on the territory of Ukraine

1983 In Budapest, Soviet gymnast Dmitry Bilozerchev became the youngest absolute world champion in history (he was 16 years 315 days old) (1983)

1944 Soviet troops completely liberated the territory of Ukraine from the Nazis

1941 By order of L. Beria, a former revolutionary, one of the organizers of the execution of the royal family, F. Goloshchekin, was shot

1939 Himmler urged single German women to abandon bourgeois prejudices and give birth to Aryans out of wedlock

1939 First German plane shot down over Britain

1937 Ukrainian writer G. Kovalenko was shot

1936 At the Mariupol plant named after Ilyich, the Mazai team set a record for steel production

1919 Command of the Ukrainian Galician Army refused to carry out Petlyura's order to fight against Denikin

1914 Belgian troops opened the floodgates, flooding the Yser basin sea water to destroy the german army

We bring to your attention a calendar of significant and commemorative October 2017 dates which contains not only historical, cultural, patriotic and international holidays but also anniversary dates, Andsignificant events.

525 years ago, the expedition of H. Columbus discovered the island of San Salvador (the official date of the discovery of America) (1492);
145 years ago Russian electrical engineer A.N. Lodygin applied for the invention of an electric incandescent lamp (1872);
130 years ago, the premiere of the opera by P.I. Tchaikovsky's "The Enchantress" at the Mariinsky Theater in St. Petersburg (1887);
120 years since the first football match was held in Russia (October 24, 1897);
95 years ago, the book and magazine publishing house "Young Guard" was created in Moscow (1922);
60 years ago, the film directed by M. Kalatozov "The Cranes Are Flying" (1957) was released on the screens of the country. At the Cannes Film Festival in 1958, the film was awarded the Palme d'Or;
60 years ago in our country the world's first artificial Earth satellite was launched (October 4, 1957);

October 1, 2017 is International Music Day. Established in 1975 by decision of UNESCO. One of the initiators of the institution international day Music is the composer Dmitri Shostakovich.

October 1, 2017 is International Day of Older Persons. It was proclaimed at the 45th session of the UN General Assembly on December 14, 1990, celebrated since October 1, 1991.

October 1, 2017 - 105 years since the birth of L.N. Gumilyov (1912-1992), Russian historian-ethnologist, geographer, writer;

October 2, 2017 is the International Day of Non-Violence. Established by a resolution of the UN General Assembly on June 15, 2007. The date was not chosen by chance: on October 2, 1869, Mahatma Gandhi, the leader of the Indian independence movement and the founder of the philosophy of non-violence, was born. In accordance with the UN resolution, the International Day serves as an additional occasion to "promote non-violence, including through educational and public outreach work."

October 2, 2017 - World Architecture Day (first Monday in October). This holiday was established by the International Union of Architects.

October 3-9, 2017 - International Writing Week. Held annually during the week of World Post Day.

October 4, 2017 - 170 years since the birth of Louis Henri Boussinard (1847-1911), French writer;

October 4, 2017 - Day of the beginning of the space age of mankind (since 1967, by decision of the International Federation of Astronautics).

October 7, 2017 - 65 years of Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin (1952), President of the Russian Federation, statesman;

October 8, 2017 - Day of the worker of agriculture and processing industry (second Sunday of October, Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of May 31, 1999 No. 679).

October 12, 2017 - 105 years since the birth of L.N. Koshkin (1912-1992), Soviet engineer and inventor;

October 14, 2017 - 275 years since the birth of Ya.B. Knyazhnin (1742-1791), Russian playwright, poet;

October 14, 2017 is World Egg Day. In 1996, at a conference in Vienna, the International Egg Commission announced that the World Egg Day would be celebrated on the second Friday of October.

October 15, 2017 is World Handwashing Day. It is noted but the initiative of the United Nations Children's Fund.

October 19, 2017 - Day of the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum. All-Russian Lyceum Day. This holiday owes its appearance to an educational institution - on October 19, 1811, the Imperial Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum was opened, in which Alexander Pushkin and many other people who glorified Russia were brought up.

October 21, 2017 - Apple Day (or the weekend closest to this date). In the UK, this event was first organized in 1990, at the initiative of one of the charitable organizations. Although the holiday is called “Apple Day”, it is dedicated not only to apples, but also to all orchards, as well as local island attractions.

October 22, 2017 - White Cranes Festival. A holiday of poetry and memory of the fallen on the battlefields in all wars. Appeared at the initiative of the poet Rasul Gamzatov.

October 23, 2017 - International Day of School Libraries (4th Monday in October).

October 24, 2017 - 385 years since the birth of Anthony van Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723), Dutch naturalist;

October 24, 2017 - 135 years since the birth of Imre Kalman (1882-1953), Hungarian composer;

October 25, 2017 - International Day of Women's Struggle for Peace (since 1980, by decision of the Women's International Democratic Federation).

October 26, 2017 - 175 years since the birth of V.V. Vereshchagin (1842-1904), Russian painter, writer;

October 27, 2017 - 235 years since the birth of Niccolo Paganini (1782-1840), Italian composer, violinist;

October 28, 2017 is International Animation Day. Established at the initiative of the French branch of the International Animated Film Association in 2002 in honor of the 110th anniversary of the public presentation of the first animation technology.

October 31, 2017 - 385 years since the birth of Jan Vermeer (Vermeer) of Delphi (1632-1675), Dutch artist;

October 31, 2017 - 180 years since the birth of Louis Jacolliot (1837-1890), French writer, traveler.