Examples of asocial youth groups. Problem lesson. Antisocial and criminal youth groups. lesson plan in social studies (grade 10) on the topic. The work can be used for lessons and reports on the subject "Social Studies"

Informal youth associations as a social phenomenon

Along with children public associations and organizations in our society, there are also so-called “informal associations of children, adolescents and youth”.

Definition: Informal youth association - a kind of cultural trend, which includes a large number of young people, existing for several decades, often of an international character. Informal associations are a way of free self-expression, unlimited manifestation of initiative and uncontrolled (by adults) communication.

They can take on larger or smaller quantitative dimensions, be in the nature of an unhealthy epidemic, have both socially significant or indifferent (neutral, not posing a threat to society), and asocial goals. The orientation of informal youth associations is represented by a wide range: from clearly asocial groups to completely harmless and law-abiding ones. Various informal youth associations have their own ideology, specifics of typical activities, clothing symbols, slang, etc.

Informal youth associations should be distinguished from such related formations as informal group, informal grouping and informal organization.

Definition: informal group - a group, the activity of which is determined primarily by the activity of its members, and not by the instructions of any authorities. Informal groups play an important role in the lives of children, adolescents and young people, satisfy their informational, emotional and social needs: they provide an opportunity to learn what is not so easy to talk about with adults, provide psychological comfort, and teach them how to fulfill social roles.

As noted by V.V. Voronov, the less a student is involved in official structures, the more he aspires to “his company”, which indicates the need for developing contacts, recognition of the value of his personality. Usually an informal group has from 3-5 to several dozen people. The contacts of its members are of a pronounced personal nature. This group does not always have a clear organization, more often the order is based on tradition, respect and authority. The factors of its cohesion are sympathies, habits, interests its members. It has one or more informal leaders. The main form of activity is the communication of group members, which satisfies the need for psychological contact.

As a rule, schoolchildren communicate in small contact groups of 5-10 people, often identify themselves as supporters of one or another trend, which are characterized by different characteristics: age and social affiliation, form of organization, orientation.

Classification of informal groups (non-core level):

So, according to the orientation of the group are pro-social, anti-social, anti-social.

For prosocial groups are characterized by socially approved activities, for example, participation in solving environmental problems, protecting monuments, etc. Asocial groups stand apart from social problems. They are characterized by the presence of a more or less clearly expressed motive for gathering: to drink alcohol, to find out relations with a neighboring group, etc.

antisocialThese are criminal, aggressive-nationalist groups. Of particular social danger is the obvious growth of nationalist youth and adolescent organizations, either informal or hiding behind the sign of "patriotic" activity. Belonging to one or another informal group is often an obligatory element of the process of socialization in adolescence. It is by entering a particular group of peers that a teenager has the opportunity to master models interpersonal communication, "try on" a variety of social roles. It is well known that children, adolescents and young people who, for various reasons, did not have the opportunity to constantly communicate with their peers (disability, psychological features personalities, life in a place remote from people, etc.), at a later age they experience difficulties in creating a family, in relationships with colleagues, intrapersonal problems, etc. Most members of informal associations, unlike their peers who are not members of such associations, are characterized by maturity in social terms. They are less prone to youthful infantilism, independently determine the truth of social values, are more flexible in their behavior in conflict situations, and have a strong-willed character.

The process of entry of the vast majority of adolescents into one or another informal youth group is a process of consistent satisfaction of basic human needs: the needs for self-affirmation, communication and self-realization.

An informal communication environment is sometimes the only area of ​​socialization for a teenager (especially for a teenager of the "risk group"). Often, having difficult relationships in the family or not regularly attending any out-of-school institution, a teenager is forced to join a particular group (group), automatically accepting the system of its norms and values, which is not always socially positive.

For a very large number of adolescents, the value orientations and moral principles preached by a referentially significant group (i.e. serving as a role model) are personally significant, and this significance far exceeds “family” and “school” norms and values ​​in the mind of a teenager. This largely explains the low effectiveness of the impact of educational measures on difficult teenager: in his mind, the negative action he committed is not such, since it is approved from the point of view of the reference group (for example, rudeness towards a teacher at school is regarded by him not as a violation of the norms of behavior, but as a feat that will be supported and approved by peers) .

There are many classifications of informal youth groups

(level of profile socio-economic or socio-humanitarian class)

Fradkin classified informal associations according to the following criteria:

1) prosocial, asocial, antisocial;

2) belonging and reference groups;

3) large and small (here we are not talking about quantity, but about quality: groups in which all adolescents directly communicate with each other are small, where they cannot communicate - large);

4) permanent and occasional;

7) same-sex and heterosexual.

Frolov proposes the following classification:

1) by belonging: ingroup (mine), autogroup (foreigners);

2) by relationships: primary (those in which each member of the group sees an individual in another), secondary (impersonal);

3) according to the degree of communication: small (where each member of the group is in personal communication with other members of the group), large (in these groups there is no direct communication).

According to A.V. Tolstykh, the classification is presented as follows:

1) socio-political groups. These groups aim to promote certain socio-political views, are non-aggressive;

2) radicals. Representatives of such groups are aggressive, leaders are mainly from the older generation;

3) environmental and ethical. These groups try to keep the environment clean;

4) lifestyle groups. These groups are united by common interests, values ​​(punks, hippies);

5) non-traditional religious (Satanists, Buddhists, cult groups);

6) interest groups (badge artists, philatelists, sports and music fans).

Youth subcultures are not similar to each other, they are all different. They differ in structure and classification.

Among all informal associations, two types can be distinguished, differing in their structure:

1) democratic (based on social roles);

For those and other associations, group dynamism is characteristic. Group dynamics is understood as the interaction of members of social groups with each other.

There are many types of relationships and interactions. To
group dynamics processes include: management, leadership,
group opinion formation, group cohesion, conflicts,
group pressure and other ways of regulating the behavior of group members. A group may be subordinate to one or two of its members, but all of its members may be included in the management process. These and many other patterns of behavior constitute the dynamics of the group.

CRIMINALIZATION IN ASOCIAL GROUPS

Informal associations influence the socialization of adolescents and young people depending on their composition, orientation, leadership style, and most importantly, on the measure of significance for one or another of their members. I.P. Bashkatov identifies four types of criminalized informal associations. Criminal groups differ from other social groups in their goals, specifics of group processes, and special social danger. They are characterized by a clear focus on criminal behavior. They are distinguished by illegal norms and prepared, organized crimes. Therefore, such groups are also called criminal groups.

The emergence of a criminal group can partly be regarded as a spontaneous phenomenon. Criminal groups are formed, as a rule, by people without specific occupations who do not work or study anywhere: hooligans, rapists, thieves, drug addicts, vagrants who commit various crimes in order to satisfy personal interests and needs.
Gradually, the criminal group moves to more complex organized groups and the most dangerous form of complicity - criminal communities, the main features of which are cohesion and a target setting for the commission of especially serious crimes, the presence of complex organizational and hierarchical ties with careful secrecy, a system of protective measures, internal counterintelligence, security guards, militants, etc. Organized criminal groups have a collegial leadership body, an information base, charter in the form of a list of informal norms, traditions, laws, sanctions.
Researchers of criminal groups single out in their structure an "inner circle", consisting of a core, which includes the leader-leader and his closest assistants, as well as an "outer ring", consisting of ordinary members, or "fellow travelers". In groups, there is always a rigid dependence of members on each other. The criminal groups are led by leaders of a pronounced authoritarian nature, seeking to suppress all other members. With their leadership style, they turn other members of the group into puppets, depriving them of the right to choose, to dissent, and often the right to leave the group. The role of the leader as a kind of "detonator" is obvious, launching the entire mechanism for the formation of a criminal group. It determines its "specialization", the scale of criminal activity, the nature of intra-group relations.
Adults, often previously convicted leaders, involve teenagers and young men in the activities of criminal groups. They use the most diverse, sometimes very clever ways: "profitable" selfish offers, "comradely" requests and obligations, flattering persuasion, advice; gradual introduction of adolescents and young men to joint drinking, and sometimes to depraved acts. Blackmail, threats, deceit, as well as beatings and torture can be used.

Type I: socially neutral (naughty) communication groups.

The main types of these groups are self-arising "naughty" groups of children and adolescents, formed according to the house, yard or street principle at the place of residence. The main goal of these groups is to satisfy the need for intimate and personal communication with peers, most often expressed in games, in conversations about anything. A characteristic feature of these groups is that the relationship of adolescents in them is not actually mediated by joint activities. There is no preparation for group activities. Immoral acts and misdeeds are committed by individual members suddenly on the initiative of the most mobile and active members of a spontaneously formed group. There is also no intragroup structure. Interests, norms and values ​​exist only at the personal level and can be both positive and negative. The general orientation of activity and communication in these groups is socially neutral, with a tendency to develop in an asocial direction. Much depends on the previous experience of each teenager, on his involvement in socially useful activities. Well, if teenagers in such informal associations are included in positive socially significant activities, if courtyard, street companies of teenagers are beyond the control of adults, schools and public organizations, and are presented to themselves, then we can say with confidence that they will develop according to criminogenic way.

Type II: pre-criminal or asocial imitation groups .

These are asocial groups of teenagers and young men, which were formed on the basis of an imitative interest in foreign rock music, "heavy metal" - a group of "metalworkers"; technology - groups of "night bikers-rockers"; politicized fashion - groups of "hippies", "punks", "black shirts" and "brown shirts"; groups of sports fans - "fans" and others. The nature of their group activity is antisocial and has an intimate-personal bias. The main thing for teenagers is to be noticed, singled out from the environment of adults and peers. Therefore, everyone, to the best of their ability and ability, tries to stand out, draw attention to themselves: some with clothes, some with hair, some with behavior, some with knowledge of technology, music, etc. Most often, their joint activities are of a hooligan nature, expressed in violation of public order. Individual members of groups may commit more serious crimes: the use, sale and possession of drugs, theft of personal and state property, etc. But these crimes are not group crimes, since they are committed not by the whole group, but only by its individual members. Behavior deviating from moral norms, asocial orientation in outlook on life indicate that these groups are on the outskirts of illegal activities. If not taken promptly preventive measures aimed at preventing the emergence of pre-criminal groups, they will soon develop into unstable criminal groups.

Type III: unstable criminal or antisocial groups. The main types of these groups are groups of hooligans, thieves, rapists, vagabonds, drug addicts, drug addicts, etc. Utilitarian interests and inclinations, base needs of group members are satisfied by antisocial or criminal means. Members of such groups already in full strength commit crimes and immediately disintegrate. But over time, groups may meet again. The leader and the antisocial core of the group are clearly distinguished, around which the rest of the members rally. Noticeable distribution of rights and responsibilities. A characteristic type of activity is antisocial behavior and the commission of various crimes in order to satisfy base personal interests and needs. If unstable criminal groups are not detected in a timely manner and preventive measures of corrective labor and medical influence are not applied to them, then they can develop into stable criminogenic groups.

Type IV: stable criminal or criminal groups.

These are stable associations of teenagers who, as a rule, are well organized. The high readiness of criminal groups for illegal actions contributes to the successful commission of crimes. They show a clear organizational structure. The quantitative composition of stable criminal groups is more or less constant. A "leading center" stands out - a leader, preferred and performers. These criminal groups have their own "laws", norms and values ​​that are carefully hidden from others. Non-observance or violation of these "laws" leads to the disintegration of the group, so violators are prosecuted and punished. In groups, there is always a cruel dependence of members on each other, mutual responsibility. The activity of such a group has a clearly negative anti-social character. Today in our country there are tens of thousands of informal youth associations of various orientations, whose activities cannot be traced. The attitude towards informal youth associations is ambiguous.

Asocial youth subculture

The asocial youth subculture stands out in the general mainstream of the youth subculture as a negative socio-psychological phenomenon that reflects a specific way of life of the group, morally and psychologically isolated and alienated from other groups. In a broad sense, antisocial subculture refers to all negative socio-psychological manifestations of the activities, relationships and communication of people, in a narrow sense - the norms, values, traditions, customs, habits, lifestyle of offenders.

Elements of such a subculture are concentrated in criminal groups and other closed and semi-closed communities. The signs of an antisocial subculture include its secret nature, the negative attitude of group members to generally accepted rules, the system of attributes and symbols that are mandatory for all carriers of the subculture.

The emergence of an antisocial subculture is associated with the stratification of society, the economic inequality of people, which gives rise to differences in many areas of life. One of the reasons for such a subculture is the discrepancy between the ideals publicly proclaimed in society and the real means of achieving them. The shortcomings of the education system, the decline in the role of the school as a center of socialization of the individual cause adolescents to strive to compensate for the missing activities with spontaneously emerging informal leisure. As a result, young people often fall under the influence of an antisocial environment in which they form values ​​that conflict with universal ones, interpersonal relationships that alienate the individual from society.

As a reason for the formation of an antisocial subculture, an unfavorable situation in the family can be considered, when a teenager tries to compensate for the lack of interpersonal communication with loved ones in antisocial groups that are able to take into account his needs and, in turn, attract all means to alienate the teenager from the family and society.

Various concepts are also being developed that try to explain the causes of the anti-social subculture. Some theorists see the origins of the antisocial subculture in the residual effect of criminal laws and traditions; others proceed from the characteristics of the sexual isolation of people in closed communities; still others consider the conflict between the individual and society to be the main factor of inequality.

A subculture develops a system of subordination of rights, duties, means and methods of communication. Subculture signs can be both verbal means - jargon, nicknames, screaming, whistling, etc., and non-verbal ones - specific fashion, tattoos, facial expressions, etc. All kinds of "oaths", "registrations", etc. are common among members of antisocial groups. With the help of signs, such persons inform others about their isolation. Signs are a kind of indicator of the popularity of a person, his authority. They can also act as a specific means of self-expression of the carriers of the subculture. The degree of mastery by members of informal associations of elements of subculture is different and depends on the place that one or another member occupies in it. There is a special stratification of community members. (most developed in relation to the criminal world, but similar typological strata are also inherent in other antisocial groups). Depending on the role functions, rights, duties and privileges of group members, 6 strata (steps in the subculture hierarchy) can be distinguished. "Authorities" are the actual leaders of the groups, usually older and more experienced. They ensure the cohesion of their communities, control the behavior of their members, apply repressive sanctions to violators of the laws of the subculture, etc. Their “authority” is based on knowledge of the rules of the subculture, the ability to violate generally accepted norms with impunity, and connections with the criminal environment. Those "close" to the leaders are their advisers and executors. "Hard workers", "men" - persons who have received a certain authority, who know the rules of the subculture, but do not always adhere to them. "Preferred" - persons who have passed the probationary period, accepted into the association and received some privileges. Among them there are already teenagers who have distinguished themselves before the community. "Les Miserables" - persons who have not passed the probationary period, the so-called. "sixes", obliged to perform any work. "Outcasts" and "offended" - disenfranchised objects of bullying and exploitation. The transition from lower to higher levels is the desired goal of each member of the group and requires considerable effort.

This stratification allows leaders to keep their subordinates in line. The teenagers who have got to antisocial associations appear the most defenseless because of a lack of experience and fiziol. - psikhol. features of their age. The antisocial environment is especially Negative influence on the development of the personality of a teenager, a young man, destroys the moral foundations of behavior, forms a character devoid of independence and a sense of self-respect.

The position of a teenager in an antisocial subculture also depends on the orientation of the group, the experience of its criminal activity. Group norms are divided into prohibiting, binding and regulating; each norm has a clear disposition and provides for severe sanctions for its violation: deprivation of status and transfer to lower levels of the hierarchy, violence, blackmail, expulsion from the community. Group norms act as personifications. factors that create a traumatic situation for the personality of a teenager.

Conclusion:So, drawing a conclusion, we can say that the concept of "youth subculture" is defined in different ways: for V.T. Lisovsky, this is the culture of a certain young generation, and N.G. Bagdasaryan defines it as a system within a common system, and L. A. Karpenko defines it as a community consisting of adolescents and young people, and characterized by a number of integral features. Thus, based on these features, the type of youth subcultures is determined, which have their own negative and positive qualities.

The classification of informal groups is also not unambiguous. This indicates that informal youth groups are diverse and each has its own peculiarity and structure.

Literature: Gernet M. H., In prison. Essays on prison psychology, M., 1925; Veligura B., Human functioning in conditions of prison isolation, Poznań, 1974; Struchkov N. A., Pirozhkov V. F., Asocial subculture and its prevention, Correctional Labor Institutions, 1982, No. 20; II and p about to about in VF, Prevention and overcoming of socially negative phenomena among students of vocational schools, M., 1988; Gurov A. I., Prof. crime: past and present, M., 1990; Bashkatov IP, Psychology of groups of juvenile offenders, M., 1992. IP Bashkatov.

Criminal community is an informal association of adolescents or youth, which has its own leaders, a hierarchy of relationships, pronounced anti-social goals, organization and discipline, norms and rules of behavior, certain obligations among themselves.

In each community, a criminal subculture is formed, which significantly affects its members as a socio-cultural environment of education.

Under criminal youth subculture is understood as a set of spiritual and material values ​​that regulate and streamline the life and criminal activities of adolescents and youth of criminal communities, which contributes to their vitality, cohesion, criminal activity and mobility, the continuity of generations of offenders. The basis of the criminal youth subculture constitute alien to civil society values, norms, traditions, various rituals of young criminals united in groups.

From the usual teenage and youthful subculture, the criminal one differs in the corresponding content of the norms governing the relationship and behavior of group members among themselves and with persons outside the group (with "strangers", representatives of law enforcement agencies, the public, adults, etc.). It directly, directly and rigidly regulates the criminal activity of minors and their criminal way of life, introducing a certain "order" into them.

In the criminal youth subculture, the following are clearly manifested:

• - pronounced hostility towards generally accepted norms and its criminal content;
• – internal connection with criminal traditions;
• - secrecy from the uninitiated;
• - the presence of a whole set (system) of attributes strictly regulated in the group consciousness.

encouragement of a cynical attitude towards women and sexual promiscuity;

- encouragement of base instincts and any forms of antisocial behavior.

It should be emphasized that the criminal subculture attractive for adolescents and young men such manifestations as:

• - the presence of a wide field of activity and opportunities for self-affirmation and compensation for the failures that befell its members in other life situations(for example, in studies, in relationships with teachers, parents);
• - the process of criminal activity, including risk and extreme situations, painted with a touch of false romance, mystery and unusualness;
• - removal of all moral restrictions;
• - the absence of prohibitions on any information and, above all, on intimate information;
• - providing "one's own" group with moral, physical, material and psychological protection from aggression from the outside, taking into account the state of age-related loneliness experienced by a teenager.

The criminal subculture is rapidly spreading among the youth due to its exceptional activity and visibility. Adolescents and youth are fascinated by its outwardly catchy attributes and symbols, emotional richness of norms, rules, rituals.

The nature of the formation of criminal communities is different - from spontaneous association based on common interests and idle pampering to a special creation for committing crimes.

In the latter case, criminal activity from the very beginning is a group-forming factor and is subject to the will of one person - the organizer (leader). In such a group, the norms and rules are oriented towards the values ​​of the criminal subculture. In accordance with this, the structure of the group is also determined, the roles in it are distributed:

• - leader:
• - confidant of the leader;
• - encouraged asset;
• - attracted newcomers.

Often criminal groups act according to the laws "flocks". In such a community, teenagers obey the will of the leader or emotions, there is a revelry of the elements, provoking its members to special sophistication in mocking a person, cruelty, and acts of vandalism. The group is formed spontaneously and is also destroyed or criminalized.

In pedagogical practice, it is very important to identify such groups and include their members in organized children's communities, helping to realize the natural needs for communication and joint activities. In the case of strengthening the negative role of the leader, purposeful activities are needed to debunk him or limit his influence, up to isolation from the group by placing him in a special educational institution.

A kind of criminal group, characterized by a special secrecy, great cohesion and clear organization, distribution of functions in the commission of a crime, is gang. So the Turks called a group of armed people on a boat who attacked and robbed lonely ships. Currently, it is understood as a group of people united for some kind of criminal activity. Such an association, made up of adolescents and youth, may include members of:

• - living at a considerable distance from each other;
• – different ages(including adults)
• - along with the males also the females.

The most characteristic features of the structural organization of the gang are: prior collusion and orientation towards criminal activity under the leadership of a leader with criminal experience and strong will. In a gang, teenagers and young men become attached to criminal traditions, they develop and develop confidence in the possibility of the existence of an extra-socially organized environment, they are actively instilled with anti-social views and habits.

The highest type of organized crime groups are gang. This is an armed group that commits predominantly violent crimes (robbery attacks on state, public and private enterprises and organizations, as well as on individuals, hostage-taking, terrorist acts). The main features of the gang are its weaponry and the violent nature of criminal activity.

One of the important socio-pedagogical problems is the activity to prevent the formation of criminal communities. In this regard, work with informal groups is of particular importance. It includes the following areas:

• - timely identification of the emergence of a group, the establishment of the most frequent places for "hangouts" of children, the size and demographic composition (a small group of 3–5 people or a group of 10–12 or more), the nature of the orientation of the group (asocial / prosocial), cohesion and predisposition to interaction and determining the nature of educational interaction with her;
• - special socio-pedagogical work with informal adolescent and youth groups to form a positive orientation, prevent their criminalization, involvement in formal group activities. Practice shows that it is extremely difficult to work with informal communities. This is due to the low effectiveness of measures to influence a teenager from such an association. His adaptability to the informal environment creates for him favorable conditions for self-realization. He does not need to switch to something else that requires the creation of more favorable conditions, motivated positive values ​​and ideals;
• - active use of the opportunities of leisure institutions in working with informal groups (groups): development on their basis of various types of activities that are attractive and popular among the youth (rock clubs, fan clubs); organizing and holding in the micro-society a series of events and actions aimed at attracting young people (holidays, competitions, discos); reorientation of the group to socially approved activities (creation of temporary jobs, change of the informal leader of the group); finding opportunities to ensure the (material and other) existence of an informal group of positive orientation (proposal various options employment, socially useful activities, physical education and sports, mastering martial arts), for example, the creation of an official group on the basis of an amateur musical group;
• – purposeful socio-pedagogical work with asocial and antisocial groups. Fundamental for determining the strategy of working with a group is the type of its informal leader (physical or intellectual); the totality of the basic moral, ideological and other values ​​that guide this group in its life. Taking into account the originality of the leader, the direction and nature of the social pedagogical activity to overcome the authority and influence of the leader on the members of the group, change the value orientations and the nature of their implementation;
• - Severe suppression of the prospects for the creation of a youth group under the leadership of an adult who has illegal convictions (for example, one who has returned from places of deprivation of liberty).

A social educator needs to understand the essence of youth subculture, informal associations. When working with children and youth, understand that many of them may belong to one of the informal organizations, groups, groupings and build their relationship with it taking this factor into account. This means that you should:

• - to accept a teenager, young man belonging to any group, as it is;
• - if possible, include him in a variety of positive activities of the team, actively using his aspirations and skills acquired in an informal group;
• - communicate with him in the logic of "dialogue of cultures", working gradually on the formation of attitudes towards the values ​​that he professes;
• - actively support socially valuable initiatives by involving students in the class, school;
• - understand the need for individual assistance when it really arises;
• - to show justice, sympathy, understanding of their needs and problems in relation to pupils;
• - learn to conduct individual conversations with the pupil as an "expert", "adviser", "guardian";
• - correctly use their influence on the pupils to clarify the situation.

At one time in the Tyumen club. F. E. Dzerzhinsky proposed an original solution to the problem of counteracting a street gang. The entire street company was invited to the club and, in its former composition, without breaking up, became a division of the club. Gradually there should be a reorientation of the group, a rejection of its former norms and traditions. This reorganization process consisted of three stages:

• – 1st – group autonomy, when the group is involved in the team of the club, primarily due to the interest of the group leader;
• – 2nd – leadership reorganization, when either the leader is reoriented by including him in collective life, or the leader is discredited, showing the failure of the previous forms and methods of group management in collective life;
• – 3rd – merger of the group with the team of the club, when a group ceases to be a closed association and is included in a common system collective activity and broad ties with all members of the team.

Thus, in working with adolescent and youth associations, there are many approaches that make it possible to ensure the realization of their social needs, to strengthen the positive direction of the influence of the community, to prevent and overcome criminalization.

My friend was walking home at night. Entering the gateway, he ran into a group of young people who asked for a cigarette. A friend said: "I don't smoke." and having heard in response: "What is the athlete or what?" received a rebar on the head and lost money and phone. So, the topic of my presentation is "Anti-social and criminal youth groups". Completed by: Esakova Nastya. 10-b

Informal groups that arise outside the school differ from student groups in their tendency to self-isolation, extreme isolation from adults, primarily from parents and teachers.

According to the nature of the social orientation, three types of informal youth groups are distinguished: 1) pro-social, or socially positive; 2) asocial, standing apart from the main social problems closed in the system of narrow group values; 3) antisocial, or socially negative, criminal groups.

Asocial groups in which crimes are not yet committed, but, as it were, ripen, are called criminogenic groups. Members of criminogenic groups, unlike criminal ones, do not have a clear focus on committing crimes, but often commit them in problematic, conflict situations or under favorable conditions for this.

Antisocial subculture These are various manifestations of a criminal way of life. These include a hidden, secret nature; opposition to the norms existing in society; rejection of socially useful goals of activity; the presence of immoral, illegal group norms and sanctions. The antisocial subculture manifests itself in the language (jargon), tattoos, facial expressions, gestures, nicknames, oaths, as well as in a clear tattoo-role differentiation.

Criminal groups Criminal groups differ from other social groups in their goals and special social danger. They are characterized by a clear focus on criminal behavior. They are distinguished by illegal norms and prepared, organized crimes. Therefore, such groups are also called criminal groups.

A special phenomenon of the anti-social subculture is mutual responsibility, which implies mutual concealment, gain in unseemly deeds. Under the influence of mutual responsibility juvenile offenders and young people often demonstrate "stubbornness" in court, which is used by more experienced criminals, avoiding responsibility.

In an anti-social subculture, newcomers are always perceived as "strangers". They become “their own” after a probationary period. The system of attitudes towards newcomers in the antisocial subculture is called hazing. Hazing is understood as a system of informal rules for entering a new community, determining status, rights and obligations, moving from super-duties to super-rights. The legislators of these norms are old-timers, or "grandfathers". Hence the name of this phenomenon.

Theme:

Class: 10 profile

Goals and objectives :

• explain the concepts and terms: "informal youth groups", "anti-social subculture", "criminal groups", "criminogenic groups", "hazing"; familiarize with the characteristics of antisocial groups; analyze the phenomenon of "hazing";
• develop in students the ability to carry out a comprehensive search, systematize social information on the topic, compare, analyze, draw conclusions, rationally solve cognitive and problem tasks;
• to promote the development of a responsible position of students.

Type of lesson: lesson-problem.

Plan.

1. informal youth groups.
2. Criminalization in asocial groups.
3. antisocial subculture.
4. The danger of criminal groups.

During the classes

1. Organizing time

Situation:

Quiet calm evening. Elderly people are sitting peacefully on the benches, young mothers are vigilantly watching their little children. But then a group of teenagers appears on the well-groomed streets of the park, to whom everyone immediately pays attention. They speak loudly, foul language now and then flies from their tongue. Beer bottles fly into the sandbox where children play. Frightened mothers barely manage to protect their children from hooligans. And those do not care about the rest of the people in the park, they do not notice the condemning looks and grumblings of the older residents of the city. They behave like the owners of this territory and internally shout to others: “Come on! You won’t even say hello!”

Isn't it a familiar sight. Because of such youth groups, it is scary to go out in the evenings.

Let's talk today about the nature and essence of those groups that scientists callantisocial groups

II Announcement of the topic of the lesson.

Antisocial and criminal youth groups

III New material

Scientists have noticed that the group is able to positively influence the personality. In this case, mutual enrichment occurs. And what processes are taking place in those groups where moral roots, not at all positive goals and motives, have been lost?

Let's consider these problems. Each group will receive their own assignment.

Group 1 explores the issue of informal youth groups.

Group 2 analyzes the process of criminalization in asocial groups.

Group 3 describes and characterizes antisocial subculture.

Group 4 will find evidence of the special danger of criminal groups.

Questions and tasks for group 1

1. What do you think causes teenagers to join informal groups that exist outside of school?
2. Analyze these reasons?
3. What qualities characteristic of informal youth associations would you classify as positive?
4. Why are they so attractive to young people?
5. Do you think the process of forming such groups is natural, or does it happen for purely subjective reasons? Justify your answer.
6. What are the characteristics of these groups?
7. Classify the types of informal youth groups. Describe them.
8. What is the basis for this classification?
9. Give an example social group and analyze it.
10. What is the core for uniting the second type of youth groups? Give examples.
11. Why are these groups called asocial? Bring evidence.
12. How do you feel about the activities of sports fans?
13. Why do the authors of the textbook call the formation of asocial groups a dangerous phenomenon?
14. Do you agree with this conclusion? Justify your opinion.

Questions and tasks for group 2

1. What definition do the authors of the textbook give to criminogenic groups?
2. List the characteristic features of criminogenic groups.
3. What processes can be traced in all informal groups?
4. On what qualities does the authority of the leader of criminogenic groups rest? Compare with the qualities that are characteristic of a leader from formal groups.
5. Who has a huge negative impact on teenagers? Why?
6. Why do you think the conditions of an informal youth group increase the manifestation ofconformity, conforming behavior?
7. Describe the mechanism of influencesocial contagion.
8. What are the implications of this process?
9. In a formal group, the principle of opposition sounds "We - they", how do you understand the formula "Friends - foes"? Is there a difference between them?
10. How should a member of an informal group behave according to this formula?
11. Do you agree with the term "flock", which is identified with informal groups? Why? What rules applied in the animal world can be attributed to human society?
12. Why in the "flock" crimes are committed with particular cruelty?
13. What mechanism is involved?
14. What do the experts call it?
15. Who suffers the most from conformity in these groups? Why?
16. Do you agree with Aristotle's statement?
17. What factors enhance the action of socio-psychological mechanisms of criminalization?
18. What are your views on these groups?

Questions and tasks for group 3

1. What is meant by anti-social subculture in a broad and narrow sense?
2. In what way does it manifest itself?
3. What are antisocial norms aimed at?
4. Give examples of a distorted understanding of the norms of behavior in an antisocial subculture.
5. What is your take on this interpretation?
6. Describe and analyze the special phenomenon of the antisocial subculture - mutual responsibility?
7. What are the consequences of this phenomenon?
8. What material basis does the anti-social subculture have?
9. Describe the system of relations in such a group? What is its mechanism? Goals?
10. What is the attitude towards newcomers in these groups? Why?
11. Describe and analyze the phenomenon of "hazing".
12. What is the psychological basis of this phenomenon?
13. What is your attitude towards hazing?
14. Can it be stopped?
15. How does the government deal with this phenomenon?

Questions and tasks for group 4

1. What are the differences between criminal groups from the rest?
2. Can you describe them?
3. What is a "crime"?
4. How are crime groups formed?
5. Describe the stages of "formation" of such a group.
6. Describe the structure of the criminal group.
7. How does the group “acquire” new members? What methods are used?
8. Why are they hard to track?
9. Does the court and the conclusion of the members of the criminal group correct? Why?
10. Why are criminal groups especially dangerous?

Work with documents.

Before you are not quite ordinary documents. These are fragments from the letters of those guys who were part of such informal groups. These are their letters to relatives and friends, and some, as you will see, are addressed to you. The guys wrote them voluntarily, and it's worth a lot.

The fragments of the letters are divided into two parts: "Wishes to peers in freedom" and "Roads to the world, where the sky is in the box."

Get to know them, analyze, discuss and think about the consequences of the existence of such criminal, anti-social groups.

Wishes to peers in freedom ...

I lived in a pink world, I did not want to understand that in reality the world is cruel. I did not want to listen to the advice of my parents, I thought that my mother was simply out of date, did not know the delights of modern life. But it turned out the other way around: I don’t know all the nasty things that exist in the world.

Nadezhda V., Novooskolskaya VK

In my opinion, one should first of all listen to the words of the mother, know with whom to be friends, because it is not in vain that there is a proverb: “Whoever you behave with, you will gain from that.”

… In order not to go to jail, you need to set a goal in life.

Ruslan S., Kazanskaya VK

In places of deprivation of liberty, I often thought and came to the conclusion that if I had a different circle of friends, which would have consisted of guys and girls who had never violated the law and order, then I would now be at large.

Ya.D., Mozhayskaya VK

I often drank alcohol and did not listen to my mother ... If I could return, I would never do this. Being here, I realized that you need to listen to the advice of people close to you who want only good and nothing more.

Sergey S., Arzamas VK

Dear teenagers, do not try to be cooler and more independent, this will not lead to good. Better read books. They are more useful than bad friends and girlfriends. It's a pity that I realized this too late. And it could have been different...

Tatyana H., Novooskolskaya VK

I would have been saved from prison if I had been busy with something. But since there is nothing to do all day long, you find yourself “friends” who come up with different activities. Everything starts small. First you start smoking, drinking, then walking until late. You start committing crimes. You want easy money, but nothing in this life is easy. You like your older "friends". You want to look "cool". You dodge all in front of them, you want them to reckon with you. But for this they need money. Here it is your first crime, and then another and another. And then they put you down. You think your "friends" will get you out. But they don't need you.

This is where you all understand who your friend really is. You begin to think about your life, since you have enough time. You realize what you did wrong. You changed your relatives, father and mother, to the street. Where did it lead you? Yes, no good. You want to fix everything, but it's too late, you should have thought earlier, studied, worked, helped your mother.

And here you understand, think about how to live on.

It is necessary not to walk the streets, but to study and get a profession. And the most important thing is to cherish what you have: freedom, mother.

Anastasia S., Novooskolskaya VK

Roads to the world where the sky is in a box ...

I went to jail because of a fight. At that moment, only my mind could stop me, but it did not stop me.

Petr V., Arzamas VK

To be honest, I didn’t even know that I would be punished, because when I committed a crime, I didn’t realize my actions and didn’t understand what I was doing.

Evgeny, Mozhayskaya VK

As the saying goes, ignorance is no excuse. There are many people sitting here because they did not know how much they would be punished if they committed this act. Because of the vodka. Alcohol has a very strong effect on a teenager.

Alexander Sh.

I did not think and stupidly committed, went on about. Everyone did, I also decided to try. So I tried it on my neck.

Sergey B.

I needed more money. I thought I would never get caught.

Dmitry B.

I was stupid, and I wanted something new, unusual, so I made the biggest mistake of my life.

I used to think that it was fun and profitable, but after trying it, I realized that it was not only pointless, but also stupid.

Andrew E.

When you commit a crime, you don’t really understand what all this can lead to. In the depths of your soul, you understand that this is bad, this is impossible, but you do it anyway.

Much of the blame is on temptation. If a person is strong in spirit (but there are few of them), then he will not do anything that is not worth doing.

Elena Ch.

My brain didn't accept the words law at the time of the crime. He also did not accept such concepts as soul, life . I was stupid and young.

Sergei Sh.

When I was seventeen years old, I got involved with a bad company, and from that day my life changed dramatically.

Igor Sh., pre-trial detention center in Penza

I don't even know why I committed the crime. I just wanted to drive. And I really regret it now.

Nicholas B.

IV Summary of the lesson

Support or refute, using persuasive arguments, the statement of one of the representatives of legal psychology: "Adolescent groups left to themselves are the most reliable predictor of crime growth."

It has been observed that when two delinquent fifteen-year-olds are neighbors, they converge and do more mischief than either of them could do individually. Explain why this is happening.

Homework.

Work with the document in the textbook.

The minor is in several spheres of relations at the same time. He is obliged to attend school, minor vocational school or college is in the environment to acquire knowledge; peers and family; Working in production, He is bound, he must observe, informal labor, relations with adults, industrial and technological discipline; Quite often, a student in a vocational school or school is characterized positively, but among his peers he has a low sociometric status.

The formal (official) structure for evaluating the behavior and personality traits of a teenager and a young person is given from the standpoint of controllability, the degree of obedience, if I may say so, its “convenience” for teachers.

informal (informal) structure NOMs (informal youth associations) are never given anything "from above; They are absolutely autonomous and do not fit into structures of a higher order.

Sub in Latin is "under", in other words, it contains a connotation of submission in meaning. Typology of youth subcultures: Ingroups - groups with which a young person identifies himself. Outgroups are groups from which a young person separates himself, feels his difference. According to the specifics of the behavior of group members, the following are distinguished: prosocial; antisocial. Prosocial - groups that do not pose a threat to society, bring positive and help. Asocial - carry criticism of any foundations of society, but this confrontation is not extreme. Antisocial - not only criticize the social order and foundations, but also seek to crush them.

Tolstykh A. V. proposed the following typology of youth subcultures: - politicized subcultures - actively participate in political life and have a clear ideological affiliation; - ecological and ethical subcultures - are engaged in the construction of philosophical concepts and are fighting for environment; - non-traditional religious subcultures - mainly a passion for Eastern religions (Buddhism, Hinduism); - radical youth subcultures - they are distinguished by organization, the presence of older leaders, increased aggressiveness (criminal youth groups, skinheads); - lifestyle subcultures - groups of young people who form their lifestyle (hippies, punks); - subcultures by interests - young people united by common interests - music, sports, etc.; - the subculture of "golden youth" - is typical for capital cities - it is focused on spending leisure time (one of the most closed subcultures).

Classification of NOMs: amateur associations with a program and leading useful work; institutionalized communities (there is a structure, membership fees, elected leadership); actually informals (addressed mainly to the sphere of leisure). leisure, politicized and asocial (or antisocial); V. Lisovsky (LGU) distinguishes, for example, pro-social, anti-social and anti-social NOMs; Representatives of these subsystems can operate in the field of leisure ("leisure consumer"), in the fields of politics, ecology, technology, etc.

Characteristics of the asocial (or antisocial) type of associations: vagueness of moral norms, criminal values ​​and attitudes; Such associations can include punks, hippies, metalheads, hooligan "gopniks", drug addicts, pro-fascist communities, etc. Sometimes non-criminal groups (rockers, metalheads, fans, etc.) develop into criminal ones.

Antisocial norms are characterized by: the formation of a perverted understanding of the principles of morality, moral concepts: ü Courage is distortedly understood as risk and bravado, ü exactingness - as captiousness, friendship and camaraderie - as concealment and non-information, ü compassion - as a sign of weakness, unworthy of a real man. ü A person ceases to be the highest value, becomes a means.

According to statistics, every fifth young person aged 14 to 30 has committed an offense or crime at least once. Criminal subculture is a way of life of minors and young people who have united in criminal groups.

Asocial subculture is a criminal socio-psychological subculture does not like the characteristics of behavior, publicity. The life activity of persons who are contrary to social norms and are members of asocial and criminal groups is largely hidden from the eyes of teachers and adults. The norms, values ​​and requirements of this subculture are demonstrated only if there is no opposition to them.

Asocial groups in which crimes are not yet committed, but, as it were, ripen, are called criminogenic groups. The places of functioning of one of the types of asocial subculture are, as we have already noted, school toilets, entrances of houses (often this type of subculture is called "toilet-school"), basements, attics, remote parks, squares, places "parties". Members of criminogenic groups, unlike criminal ones, do not have a clear focus on committing crimes, but often commit them in problematic, conflict situations or under favorable conditions for this.

"Hip-hop" ("hip hop"), as a cultural phenomenon of street art or the art of the metropolis (underground, at least at the beginning of its history) includes three different directions: 1. Painting / design - "Graffiti" (" Graffity" - "scratched") wall paintings and drawings; 2. Dance style - "Break-dance" ("break dance"), unique in its plasticity and rhythmic dance, which laid the fashion for the entire hip-hop culture - sportswear; 3. Musical style - "rap" rhythmic recitative with clearly marked rhymes and musical rhythm set by the DJ. Rap has three classifications: "fast rap" (one rapper talking to another); "life" rap (often contains obscenities); "commercial rap" (hip-hop, r`n`b and dance rap).

Rap or Rep (both spellings are correct) is one of the three currents of the Hip Hop subculture. The terms "rap" and "hip-hop" are often used interchangeably, which leads to misunderstanding and confuses the reader. The first refers to the musical style, and the second refers to the subculture as a whole.

rapper ( short description) Cloth large sizes welcome. There are two versions of why this is part of the fashion: 1. The clothes of prisoners in the USA used to be sewn large to suit prisoners of different builds; 2. Adult brothers or fathers handed over their worn clothes, which were large in size, to the younger ones. Often shirts on rappers hang down to the knees, and slipping jeans touch the floor. However, clothing must be clean, it is distinguished only by careless baggy. Hats, "baseball caps" turned back, backpacks to the waist, chains, sports jackets, T-shirts - all these are the obligatory "gadgets" of the young rapper.

Goth subculture Goths are members of the goth subculture, inspired by the aesthetics of the gothic novel, the aesthetics of death, gothic music and identifying themselves with the gothic scene. Representatives of the movement appeared in 1979 on the wave of post-punk.

Gothic subculture - black (or dark, hereinafter simply black) or black with elements of other colors (mostly red) clothes; - black long hair. The face is unnaturally pale (with the help of powders); - high laced boots, boots or other informal shoes (New Rock, Swear); - black corset, tight-fitting black sleeves and a black maxi skirt (for girls), antique clothes, flared sleeves, leather clothes(depends on belonging to one or another branch of the subculture); - black bandages on the hands (wrists); - spiked collar; Contact lenses stylized as animal eyes or simply with an imitation of a colorless iris.

Mopey and Perky Goth Mopey Goths are permanently depressed, mostly withdrawn individuals who are said to "take life too seriously"; Perky Goths (often written Perky. Goff) are those who are more "relaxed" about goth, they like to hang out in clubs (naturally goth) and spend time the way they like, depression is not for them.

Cyber. Goth, Darkwave Cyber ​​Goths are a youth subculture formed in the 90s. , which has not formed a certain ideology behind itself and manifests itself only externally, and also gravitates towards various club electronic music

"Emo" culture Emo-fashion is a strange direction of street fashion, generated, as often happens, by a musical genre; True emo hairstyle: Straight, most often black hair, oblique bangs, glossy from styling products and covering half of the forehead, while the back of the head is usually raised and disheveled. The hair may not be black, but some of the strands are dyed pink or black. Make-up True emo: A whitened face, pale lips that almost match the skin tone and very bright eyeliner. Sometimes "emos" depict black lines on their faces, supposedly from cosmetics blurred with tears, and draw tears with a black pencil. Black polish on the nails. Boys do too. True emo piercing: Piercing is an integral part of the image of a real "emo". Tunnels, piercings in the lips and generally anywhere on the face. True "emo" shoes: They stick to their favorite brands: they wear Converse and Vans. Puffy sneakers, preferably black or black and white checked. Maybe with pink laces. True emo clothes: Skinny jeans dark colors, T-shirts and T-shirts, maybe 2 sizes smaller polo with funny prints of cartoon characters or rock band names.

The summer of 1985 became the so-called Revolutionary Summer. Then the Punkculture of Washington was covered by a new wave of bands, with a diverse sound, focused on heavy punk music with melodic vocals and inserts of an anguished voice at certain moments.

Visual kei (visual style) is a subculture that originated from Japanese rock and glam. The essence of Visual Key is to convey a part of the soul and your talent not only through music, but also through appearance: to shock people and thus attract listeners. Visual kei often borrows imagery from Japanese animation (anime), visual arts (manga), and video games as part of Japanese culture.

Fans Football fans are considered a subculture close to criminal. This is aggravated by the fact that fans are one of the most active teenage groups in Russia. a group of Spartak fans "Gladiators" avoid fights, but protect the "younger" (newbies). They promote a "clean lifestyle". among such groups there is one such as "Koldyr Boy-Front" ("Koldyr" in slang - "drunkard"), these are alcoholic fans. Their age category is 17-18 years, but there are older ones.

Bikers vs. Motorcyclists A narrow circle of "friends" accepted newcomers only after selection, and only those who could defend their convictions with their fists. Strength and training were cultivated, muscles were built up, the appearance became more and more intimidating. This movement has not yet fully formed among children from families with low incomes. But it's not biker anymore. These are small groups without any paraphernalia and even a name. They no longer associate themselves with bikers.

Ravers translate the word "rave", meaning "rave", "nonsense". ravers - visitors to nightclubs, and, it should be noted, not cheap. Not surprisingly, this group is small compared to those whose hobbies are less expensive.

Tolkinists - the movement was born thanks to the enthusiasm of youth role playing. A popular pastime among Tolkienists is "fighting" using wooden weapons; they can also meet for communication, discussing scenarios for the next meetings, but they invariably behave in accordance with the chosen roles, without leaving the image.

Diggers The closeness of this society, which does not like to advertise its actions and its existence in principle, attracts young people. have something in common with environmentalists: "communicating" constantly with underground utilities, they warn about subsidence of the foundation, environmental problems that may be fraught with the earth's interior.

Skinhead movement. Skinheads ("skinheads") - a radical youth movement, not united within the framework of any organization, but scattered into many independent groups. most of the Russian "skinheads" took only the appearance of the Western "skinheads", preferring the style of "military"; abroad, "right" (nationalists) and "left" "skinheads" are represented in approximately equal numbers, although the right is certainly much more noticeable. In Russia, the vast majority of "skinheads" are either nationalist youth or football fans.

Antifa in Russia Modern antifascists in Russia are represented both by informal groups (who call themselves "antifa") and by organizations (Youth Human Rights Movement, Network Against Racism and Intolerance, Memorial International Society) that share antifascist ideas.