Preparation for the Unified State Exam in Russian - a collection of texts. Injury during a business trip Exposition: I slipped during a business trip

(1) During a business trip, I slipped on an icy staircase and seriously injured my hand. (2) The wrist was swollen, there was nothing to do: I had to go to see a surgeon. (3) So I
a resident of a large regional city ended up in a regular district hospital. (4) For some reason, the doctor did not begin the appointment, and near the doors in the cramped corridor, lit by a weak light bulb, there was a real Babylonian pandemonium. (5) Who was there? (6) Elderly women, whose faces were flushed from the stuffiness, gloomy old men, high school girls, shrilly screaming that they will skip the queue, because they just need to get a stamp. (7) Infants cried in the arms of their mothers, exhausted by waiting, who rocked them tiredly and looked at them in silent anguish closed door office.

(8) Time passed, but the reception still did not start. (9) And people’s patience ran out. (10) At first, some kind of dull murmur was heard, which, like a match to dry branches, ignited general discontent. (11) The children, as if on cue, began to cry in one voice, and it was no longer a murmur, but an indignant and plaintive howl that filled the entire corridor.

(12) “Lord, why am I here!” - I thought, looking at these people. (13) The pain awakened in my hand flared with redoubled force, my head began to spin. (14) It became unbearable to wait, I decided to act. (15) With a firm step, I approached the registration window and quietly but authoritatively knocked on the glass. (16) Fat woman she looked at me over her glasses, I motioned for her to go out into the corridor. (17) When she came out, I handed her a coupon to the doctor and fifty rubles.

— (18) I urgently need to get an appointment with a surgeon. (19) Please arrange it!

(20) The woman silently took my coupon and put the money in her robe pocket.

- (21) Everyone move away from the doors, move away! - she grumbled and, passing through the crowd of people, like a knife through jelly, she entered the office. (22) A minute later she came out and nodded her head at me:
- (23) They’ll call you now!

(24) The children were crying, the light bulb, blinking due to power surges, splashed beams of yellow light, the smell of something stale and musty filled the lungs. (25) Suddenly, a boy in a blue blouse, who had escaped from the arms of his exhausted mother, buried himself at my feet. (26) I stroked his fluffy head, and the baby looked at me with trusting eyes. (27) I smiled. (28) The young mother sat him down.

- (29) Be patient; little one, be patient, we'll be leaving soon! (ZO) The disabled man dropped his crutch and, helplessly moving his hands, tried to pick it up from the floor. (31) I closed my eyes. (32) The door swung open and the nurse shouted loudly:
- (ZZ) Nikitin, see you!

(34) People shook their heads, asking who Nikitin was here. (35) I stood to the side without moving.
- (36) Nikitin who? (37)Where is he?

(38) The nurse shrugged her shoulders in bewilderment and said:
- (39) Well, then, whoever is first in line, come in!

(40) A young mother and her child rushed to the door. (41) I went to the window. (42) Sparse snow was falling, the darkened sky, like an ice-covered river, hung low above the ground, and pigeons flew through it. (43) A young mother and her baby came out of the doctor’s office, he looked at me and waved his bandaged hand at me.

- (44) Nikitin hasn’t come up yet? (45) Well, then the next one in line...
(According to K. Akulinin)
Which of the statements correspond to the content of the text? Please provide answer numbers.
Enter the numbers in ascending order.

1) The hero of the story did not want to wait long and paid for the appointment out of turn.
2) All visitors began to be indignant at the disorder in the hospital.
3) The hero of the essay let the pregnant woman pass ahead.
4) The narrator realized that there are people whose suffering is no less than his own.
5) The boy’s mother thanked Nikitin.
Task 21. Which of the following statements are true? List the answer numbers in ascending order.

1) Propositions 10-11 reveal the content of proposal 9.
2) Sentence 24 lists events occurring one after another.
3) Sentences 26-28 present the narrative.
4) Sentence 42 contains a descriptive fragment.
5) Proposition 7 is an argument.
Task 22. Write out the phraseological unit from sentences 4-5.
Among sentences 24-28, find one that is connected to the previous one using a possessive pronoun. Write the number of this offer.

according to K. Akulinin* “During a business trip, I slipped...”

A1. In which word is the letter denoting the stressed vowel sound correctly highlighted?

1) call

2) accepted

3) started (singing)

A2. In which sentence should we use PRACTICAL instead of the word PRACTICAL?

1) PRACTICAL skills acquired in early childhood are important for later life.

2) Vikhrev in PRACTICAL life was distinguished by rare simplicity.

3) The system of PRACTICAL classes is widespread in higher education.

4) Marina Vasilievna was very excited, but still listened to her wise and PRACTICAL friend.

A3. Give an example of an error in the formation of a word.

1) young accountants

2) their work

3) within thirty-five minutes

4) ladies' shoes

A4. Provide a grammatically correct continuation of the sentence.

Having expressed the idea of the need for versatile education,

1) it is very poorly reasoned.

2) the scientist did not consider it necessary to comment on it.

3) her argumentation is practically absent.

4) the article raises a very pressing issue.

A5. Indicate the sentence with a grammatical error (in violation of the syntactic norm).

2) Everyone who wrote about Russian nature noted its poetry and picturesqueness.

3) In the painting “Neighbors” by the artist Bogatov, the luxurious interior of the room is striking.

4) None of the passers-by, hurrying to the fair, paid attention to the carts with household utensils standing to the side.

A26. In which sentence can the subordinate part of a complex sentence not be replaced by a separate definition expressed by a participial phrase?

1) Thanks to solar panels installed on the roofs of houses, electricity costs are reduced tenfold.

2) On an autumn morning the sun resembles a piece river ice, which melts over the spruce banks.

3) As research by scientists has shown, the oxygen we breathe was not part of the Earth’s primary atmosphere.

4) Dry, brittle grass, which has not yet been touched by frost, rustles loudly under the boots.

Read the text and complete tasks A7-A12

(1) ... (2) If the temperature is even slightly above absolute zero, at the joint surface, metal atoms gradually move from one part to another. (3) This diffusion eventually leads to cold welding. (4) On Earth, this process is hampered by an oxide film formed under the influence of atmospheric oxygen and water vapor. (5) In the vacuum of space, an oxide film does not form. (6) ...special measures must be taken to prevent contacting parts that do not need to be welded from “seizing.”

A7. Which of the following sentences should be FIRST in this text?

1) As the size of space structures increases, the problems of their maintenance on Earth increase.

2) It is not difficult to firmly connect parts in the vacuum of space.

3) The surface illuminated by the Sun in low-Earth orbit heats up to 150° C.

4) In conditions of weightlessness it is easier to clean metal.

A8. Which of the following words (combinations of words) should be in the blank in the SIXTH sentence?

1) Despite this,

3) Therefore

4) Because

A9. What word or combination of words is the grammatical basis in one of the parts of the second (2) sentence of the text?

1) above zero

2) the temperature is slightly higher

3) temperature is higher

4) atoms gradually move

A10. Indicate the correct characteristic of the second (2) sentence of the text.

1) compound

2) complex

3) complex non-union

4) simple

A11. Indicate the sentence that contains a participle.

1) 5 2) 2 3) 3 4) 4

A12. State the meaning of COLD in the third (3) sentence.

1) non-heating, not emitting heat

2) having a low temperature

3) passing at low temperature

4) poorly retaining heat

A13. Which answer option correctly indicates all the numbers replaced by one H?

Straight and circular sections of the railway track are connected (1) to each other by curved lines - with such a variable (2) radius that the centrifugal force increases gradually (3) o.

1) 1 2) 2, 3 3) 3 4) 1, 3

A14. In which row in all words is the unstressed vowel of the root being tested missing?

1) understanding, checking, satisfactory

2) materialistic, wipe, simplification

3) os_let, mottled, diversified

4) b_sleep, agreeable, compromise

A15. In which row is the same letter missing in all words?

1) move, move, get along, angry

2) go around, interview, situation

3) pr_smirev, legal successor, pr_lyazhny

4) seamless, generous, and scratching

A16. In which row in both words is the letter I written in place of the gap?

1) highlight the main thing that is important to us

2) the sheep is nibbling grass, driven by feeling

3) the candles went out, indescribable joy

4) see a friend, waterproof raincoat

A17. Which answer option contains all the words where the letter E is missing?

A. merciful

B. beans

V. pulling out

G. boil

1) A, B, C 2) B, C, D 3) A, D 4) B, D

A 18. In which sentence is NOT written separately with the word?

2) Katya suddenly felt (un)bearably sad for those people who don’t hear this wonderful music now.

3) I didn’t want to think now about the (un)fulfilled promise yesterday.

4) The estate was surrounded by a (infrequent) but high fence.

A19. In which sentence are both highlighted words written together?

1) The Petrovs also vacationed in the Caucasus and THIS is why they know these places so well.

2) BY THE way my father looked at me, I realized that he ALSO knew about the incident.

3) Among the familiar forest you get lost, as if all the trees and bushes have thrown off their common green mask, (THE) SAME tree looks completely different.

4) IT (FINALLY) began to get dark, and I, (JUST) like my comrades, lost hope of reaching the mouth of the river today.

A20. Provide the correct explanation for the placement or absence of a comma in the sentence.

He felt some kind of fear before new life ___ and it seemed to him a mortal struggle for the right to exist on earth.

1) Complex sentence, before the conjunction And a comma is needed.

2) A simple sentence with homogeneous members, before the conjunction. And a comma is not needed.

3) Complex sentence, before the conjunction And there is no need for a comma.

4) A simple sentence with homogeneous members, before the conjunction And a comma is needed.

A21. Which answer option correctly indicates all the numbers that should be replaced by commas in the sentence?

The sparrow (1) unexpectedly took off (2) disappeared into the light greenery of the garden (3) transparently visible (4) in the early evening sky.

1) 1, 3 2) 1, 2, 3 3) 2, 3, 4 4) 2, 4

A22. Which answer option correctly indicates all the numbers that should be replaced by commas in the sentence?

For the writers of the 18th century (1) of course (2) the significant difference between the then colloquial “living use” and the ancient literary language was obvious. This literary language correlates with the Russian spoken language (3) according to linguists (4) in the same way as the language of the past with the modern language.

1) 1, 2, 3, 4 2) 1, 2 3) 3, 4 4) 1, 3

A23. Indicate a sentence that requires one comma. (There are no punctuation marks.)

1) The German artist Durer traveled extensively in Italy and the Netherlands and was well acquainted with the art of these countries.

2) The artist managed to convey this person’s appearance, character and mood.

3) The sun is a powerful source of both light and heat and other radiation.

4) Part of the population either on foot or on carts or in cars moved out of the city.

A24. How to explain the placement of the colon in this sentence?

The great actor Kachalov’s charm, as a gift of special attractiveness, was truly artistic: he was given a stately figure, plasticity of gesture, and a famous voice, striking with its range and inexhaustible variety of colors.

1) The first part of a non-union complex sentence indicates the condition for accomplishing what is said in the second part.

2) The generalizing word comes before homogeneous members of the sentence.

3) The first part of a non-union complex sentence indicates the time of commission of what is said in the second part.

4) The second part of a non-union complex sentence explains and reveals the content of the first part.

A25. Which answer option correctly indicates all the numbers that should be replaced by commas in the sentence?

Stone paths (1) whose winding lines (2) (3) symbolize the flow of energy (4) acquire special significance in a Japanese garden.

1) 1, 3 2) 1, 4 3) 2, 3, 4 4) 2, 4

A26. Which answer option correctly indicates all the numbers that should be replaced by commas in the sentence?

The imagination was crowded with a variety of ideas (1) and (2) if the writer, through an effort of will, forced himself to stop at one thing (3) then he again forgot (4) what the beginning should be.

1) 1, 2, 3, 4 2) 1, 3 3) 1, 3, 4 4) 2, 4

Read the text

Cities have a special microclimate. There are a lot of artificial hard surfaces here: asphalt, concrete, brick, glass, which cannot absorb atmospheric moisture, so all precipitation is removed through drains, which leads to drying out not only the surface itself, but also the air of the city. The dryness of the urban atmosphere is confirmed by the fact that in large cities low (absolute and relative) humidity is common and fog is very rare.

A27. Which of the following sentences correctly conveys MAIN information contained in the text?

1) Artificial hard surfaces: asphalt, concrete, brick, glass - cannot absorb atmospheric moisture, so all precipitation is removed through drains.

2) The dryness of the urban atmosphere, confirmed by low humidity and rare fogs, is due to the inability of urban artificial hard surfaces to absorb precipitation.

3) In cities there is a special microclimate, since all precipitation is removed through drains, which leads to drying out of artificial hard surfaces.

4) The city consists of artificial hard surfaces: asphalt, concrete, brick, glass, which explains the absence of fog in large cities.

Read the text and complete tasks A28-A30; B1-B8; C1.

(1) During a business trip, I slipped on an icy staircase and seriously injured my hand. (2) My wrist was swollen, there was nothing to do: I had to go to see a surgeon. (3) So I, a resident of a large regional city, ended up in an ordinary district hospital. (4) For some reason, the doctor did not start the appointment, and near the doors in the cramped corridor, lit by a weak light bulb, there was real pandemonium. (5) Who was there? (6) Elderly women, whose faces were flushed from the stuffiness, gloomy old men, high school girls, shrilly screaming that they will all jump the line, because they just need to get a stamp. (7) Infants cried in the arms of their mothers, exhausted by waiting, who rocked them tiredly and looked in silent anguish at the closed office door.

(8) Time passed, but the reception did not begin. (9) And the people’s patience ran out. (10) At first, some kind of dull murmur was heard, which, like a match to dry branches, ignited general discontent. (11) The children, as if on cue, began to cry in one voice, and it was no longer a murmur, but an indignant and plaintive howl that filled the entire corridor.

(12) “Lord, why am I here!” - I thought, looking at these people. (13) The pain awakened in my hand flared with redoubled force, my head began to spin. (14) It became unbearable to wait, I decided to act. (15) With a firm step, I walked up to the registration window and quietly but authoritatively knocked on the glass. (16) The plump woman looked at me over her glasses, I motioned for her to go out into the corridor. (17) When she came out, I handed her a coupon to the doctor and fifty rubles.

- (18) I urgently need to get an appointment with a surgeon. (19) Please arrange it!

(20) The woman silently took my coupon and put the money in her robe pocket.

- (21) Everyone, move away from the doors, move away! - she grumbled and, passing through the crowd of people, like a knife through jelly, she entered the office. (22) A minute later she came out and nodded her head at me.

- (23) They will call you now!

- (29) Be patient, little one, be patient, we’ll be leaving soon!

(30) The disabled man dropped his crutch and, helplessly moving his hands, tried to pick it up from the floor. (31) I closed my eyes. (32) The door swung open and the nurse shouted loudly:

- (33) Nikitin, at the reception!

(34) People shook their heads, asking who Nikitin was here. (35) I stood to the side without moving.

- (38) Nikitin who? (37) Where is he?

(38) The nurse shrugged her shoulders in bewilderment and said:

- (39) Well, then whoever is first in line, come in!

- (44) Nikitin hasn’t come yet? (45) Well, then next in line...

(according to K. Akulinin)

A28. What significance does the described episode have for the hero of the text?

1) The hero of the text comes to the conclusion: in modern society, money decides everything.

2) The hero of the text feels lost in front of what he sees.

3) The hero of the text is convinced that queues to see the doctor are created deliberately.

4) The queue to see the doctor becomes a test of moral strength for the hero of the text.

A 29. Which of the following statements is false?

1) Propositions 10-11 reveal the content of proposal 9.

2) Sentence 24 lists events occurring one after another.

3) Sentences 26-28 present the narrative.

4) Sentence 42 contains a descriptive fragment.

A30. In which sentence is the phraseological unit used?

1) 10 2) 14 3) 16 4) 4

IN 1. Indicate how the word EXPECTATION is formed (sentence 7).

AT 2. From sentence 16, write down all the prepositions.

AT 3. Indicate the type of subordinating connection in the phrase SUDDENLY TUCKED (Sentence 25).

AT 4. Among sentences 14-24, find a simple one-part indefinite-personal sentence. Write the number of this complex sentence.

AT 5. Among sentences 21-31, find a sentence with a non-isolated agreed common definition. Write the number of this offer.

AT 6. Among sentences 17-35, find a complex sentence with an explanatory clause. Write the number of this complex sentence.

AT 7. Among sentences 24-28, find one that connects with the previous one using a possessive pronoun. Write the number of this offer.

AT 8. The description of the queue to see a doctor in an ordinary district hospital is central to the story of K. Akulinin. _____ (“the light bulb… splashed beams of yellow light” in sentence 24), _____ (“women,…old men, high school girls”), ______ (“fluffy head”, “trusting eyes”) - all these means of expressiveness are not accidental in the text, just as they are not accidental and _____ (for example, sentence 39), which are due to the inclusion of dialogue in the text.

List of terms:

1) antithesis

2) phraseology

3) conversational syntactic constructions

4) epithets

5) dialectisms

6) hyperbole

7) gradation

8) a number of homogeneous members

9) metaphor

A29-2 Sentence 24 lists simultaneously occurring events.

B1 - suffixal

B3- connection

B2 - on, on top, in

1) the problem of a person’s moral strength (why is it in ordinary everyday situations that a person’s moral essence often manifests itself? How do people sitting in line behave? How does the author relate to others?);

2) the problem of conscience (who “reminds” the hero of the text of his moral duty? What consequences does the loss of moral principles threaten society with?);

3) the problem of humane treatment of patients in medical institutions(Is it acceptable to subject sick people to such tests? What are the consequences of an indifferent attitude towards sick people?).

1) in the most seemingly ordinary situations, when you need to give way to an elderly person in public transport or helping a sick person cross the street, the moral essence of a person is most clearly revealed;

2) the trusting eyes of the child awakened the conscience in the soul of the hero of the text, and he understands that it is dishonest to solve his problems at the expense of other people;

3) a soulless, formal attitude towards sick people eloquently indicates that a person is still not perceived in our society as the highest value.

Composition

Moral choice... Each of us at a certain point in our lives faces a choice. And it depends only on each of us personally what we choose, which path we take. It is no coincidence that the author of the above passage, K. Akulinin, raises the problem of a person’s moral strength, a person’s responsibility for his actions.

The moral essence of a person is most clearly manifested in the most ordinary situations: should one give up a seat to an elderly person in transport, should one help a sick person cross the road? To draw attention to this problem, the author describes one of the cases in the clinic: the main character, Nikitin, after standing in line for a while to see a doctor, decided to bypass the others. To skip the line, he decided to give money (a bribe) to the woman from the register. At that moment, he thought only about himself and his hand. But when Nikitin looked at the others in this long line, he could not do it. His sympathy was especially influenced by the boy who trustingly buried himself at his feet. It was the “gullible eyes of the baby” that awakened Nikitin’s conscience.

In this text, the author expressed his attitude to the problem through an artistic narrative: people should not put their interests above the interests of others. The writer is deeply convinced that it is dishonest to solve one’s problems at the expense of other people.

I completely agree with the author of the article. Often people lack mercy and compassion to help a person in a difficult situation. We will just pass by and not notice it, we will close our eyes to his misfortune. With this attitude we show our callousness and callousness.

As an example, I will cite Ch. Aitmatov’s novel “The Scaffold,” in which one of the heroes, Avdiy Kallistratov, gets into trouble. He arrives at the station in a semi-fainting state, in torn, dirty clothes, but none of the visitors tried to help him, and only one woman offered him help and called a doctor.
Doctor Jansen, the hero of B. Vasiliev’s story “My Horses Are Flying...”, has the rare gift of living not for himself, but for others. He died saving children.
Every person needs help, and we must not forget about mutual assistance, because someday we may find ourselves in the shoes of those whom we once indifferently passed by without offering a helping hand.

Akulinin’s article made me think about the moral strength of a person and, most importantly, reconsider my moral values and rethink them.

Composition

Is it acceptable to put your interests above the interests of other people? This problem is posed by K. Akulinin in his text.

The author describes an incident at a clinic: the main character Nikitin stood in line for a long time to see a doctor and, when he got tired of it, decided to give a bribe to skip the line. However, sympathy for other people who were also waiting in line prevented him from taking advantage of his ill-gotten privilege.

As a literary example, we can cite Dostoevsky’s novel “Crime and Punishment.” According to Raskolnikov’s theory, the interests of some people (“those with the right”) are higher than the interests of everyone else. Raskolnikov decides to test whether he can step over human life for the sake of his goals. However, he could not bear the gravity of what he had done, nor could he take advantage of the stolen money of the old woman-pawnbroker.
The hero of Nekrasov’s poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'” - the peasant Ermil Girin - took advantage of his position as headman to exempt his brother from conscription duty, and enrolled another villager as a recruit in his place. After this, Yermil was very remorseful, wanted to give up his position and even tried to commit suicide - it was so unacceptable for him to neglect the interests of another person.

Despite the fact that people sometimes act immorally, stepping over other people for their own goals, they tend to experience pangs of conscience and repent of their actions.

(1) During a business trip, I slipped on an icy staircase and seriously injured my hand. (2) My wrist was swollen, there was nothing to do: I had to go to see a surgeon. (3) So I, a resident of a large regional city, ended up in an ordinary district hospital. (4) For some reason, the doctor did not begin the appointment, and near the doors in the cramped corridor, lit by a weak light bulb, there was a real Babylonian pandemonium. (5) Who was there? (6) Elderly women, whose faces were flushed from the stuffiness, gloomy old men, high school girls, shrilly screaming that they will skip the queue, because they just need to get a stamp. (7) Infants cried in the arms of their mothers, exhausted by waiting, who rocked them tiredly and looked in silent anguish at the closed office door.

(12) “Lord, why am I here!” – I thought, looking at these people. (13) The pain awakened in my hand flared with redoubled force, my head began to spin. (14) It became unbearable to wait, I decided to act. (15) With a firm step, I approached the registration window and quietly but authoritatively knocked on the glass. (16) The plump woman looked at me over her glasses, I motioned for her to go out into the corridor. (17) When she came out, I handed her a coupon to the doctor and fifty rubles.

– (18) I urgently need to see a surgeon. (19) Please arrange it!

(20) The woman silently took my coupon and put the money in her robe pocket.

- (23) They will call you now!

- (29) Be patient, little one, be patient, we’ll be leaving soon!

(30) The disabled man dropped his crutch and, helplessly moving his hands, tried to pick it up from the floor. (31) I closed my eyes. (32) The door swung open and the nurse shouted loudly:

- (33) Nikitin, see you!

(34) People shook their heads, asking who Nikitin was here. (35) I stood to the side without moving.

- (36) Nikitin who? (37)Where is he?

(38) The nurse shrugged her shoulders in bewilderment and said:

- (39) Well, then whoever is first in line, come in!

- (44) Nikitin hasn’t come up yet? (45) Well, then the next one in line...

(According to K. Akulinin)

Formulation of a task with a detailed answer

Write an essay based on the text you read. Formulate and comment on one of the problems posed by the author of the text (avoid excessive quoting). Formulate position of the author (storyteller). Write whether you agree or disagree with the point of view of the author of the text you read. Explain why. Justify your answer, relying primarily on reading experience, as well as knowledge and life observations (the first two arguments are taken into account). The volume of the essay is at least 150 words. Work written without reference to the text read (not based on this text) is not graded. If the essay is a paraphrase or a complete rewrite original text without any comments, such work is scored zero points. Write an essay carefully, legible handwriting.

(1) During a business trip, I slipped on an icy staircase and seriously injured my hand. (2) The wrist was swollen, there was nothing to do: I had to go to see a surgeon. (3) So I, a resident of a large regional city, ended up in an ordinary district hospital. (4) For some reason, the doctor did not begin the appointment, and near the doors in the cramped corridor, lit by a weak light bulb, there was a real Babylonian pandemonium. (5) Who was there? (6) Elderly women, whose faces were flushed from the stuffiness, gloomy old men, high school girls, shrilly screaming that they will skip the queue, because they just need to get a stamp. (7) Infants cried in the arms of their mothers, exhausted by waiting, who rocked them tiredly and looked in silent anguish at the closed office door.
(8) Time passed, but the reception still did not start. (9) And people’s patience ran out. (10) At first, some kind of dull murmur was heard, which, like a match to dry branches, ignited general discontent. (11) The children, as if on cue, began to cry in one voice, and it was no longer a murmur, but an indignant and plaintive howl that filled the entire corridor.
(12) “Lord, why am I here!” - I thought, looking at these people. (13) The pain awakened in my hand flared with redoubled force, my head began to spin. (14) It became unbearable to wait, I decided to act. (15) With a firm step, I approached the registration window and quietly but authoritatively knocked on the glass. (16) The plump woman looked at me over her glasses, I motioned for her to go out into the corridor. (17) When she came out, I handed her a coupon to the doctor and fifty rubles.
- (18) I urgently need to see a surgeon. (19) Please arrange it!
(20) The woman silently took my coupon and put the money in her robe pocket.
- (21) Everyone move away from the doors, move away! - she grumbled and, passing through the crowd of people, like a knife through jelly, she entered the office. (22) A minute later she came out and nodded her head at me:
- (23) They will call you now!
(24) The children were crying, the light bulb, blinking due to power surges, splashed beams of yellow light, the smell of something stale and musty filled the lungs. (25) Suddenly, a boy in a blue blouse, who had escaped from the arms of his exhausted mother, buried himself at my feet. (26) I stroked his fluffy head, and the baby looked at me with trusting eyes. (27) I smiled. (28) The young mother sat him down.
- (29) Be patient; little one, be patient, we'll be leaving soon! (ZO) The disabled man dropped his crutch and, helplessly moving his hands, tried to pick it up from the floor. (31) I closed my eyes. (32) The door swung open and the nurse shouted loudly:
- (ZZ) Nikitin, see you!
(34) People shook their heads, asking who Nikitin was here. (35) I stood to the side without moving.

- (36) Nikitin who? (37)Where is he?
(38) The nurse shrugged her shoulders in bewilderment and said:
- (39) Well, then, whoever is first in line, come in!
(40) A young mother and her child rushed to the door. (41) I went to the window. (42) Sparse snow was falling, the darkened sky, like an ice-covered river, hung low above the ground, and pigeons flew through it. (43) A young mother and her baby came out of the doctor’s office, he looked at me and waved his bandaged hand at me.
- (44) Nikitin hasn’t come yet? (45) Well, then the next one in line...
(According to K. Akulinin)

Essay example

Is it acceptable to put one’s interests above the interests of other people? What are the consequences of such behavior for a person? The problem of conscience is one of the problems raised in the text of the modern Russian writer K. Akulinin.
Nowadays, especially in big cities, people often do not take into account the interests and needs of others at all; they go through life pushing those around them with their elbows. The author refers to a seemingly minor incident that occurred in an ordinary district hospital of a regional city: Nikitin stood in line for a long time to see a doctor, who for some reason did not start the appointment, and, tired of the pain tormenting him, decided to bribe the nurse in order to get through to see a doctor without waiting in line. However, something prevented the hero from taking advantage of his dishonestly obtained privilege. The nurse calls him twice to take him to the office, but in Nikitin’s soul an unconscious sympathy is born for weaker and defenseless people: a sick child, a young exhausted mother, a disabled person with a crutch, who are also waiting for their turn.

The author encourages you to think about the fact that everyone normal person A person who puts his own interests above the interests of other people inevitably comes into conflict with his conscience. And it doesn’t matter whether you violate the moral law in a big or small way, or whether you have any justification for it.
One cannot but agree with the author's position. Selfishness and callousness are becoming the norm of modern man. Often, in pursuit of immediate gains, we do not choose means, do not spare the weak, and strive to overtake everyone by at least half a length. But why then, having achieved our small success at such a cost, do we not feel the joy of victory? Our conscience haunts us.

Many Russian writers addressed the problem of testing a person by conscience. So, the main character of the novel F.M. Dostoevsky’s “Crime and Punishment”, Rodion Raskolnikov, there was a theory according to which the interests of some people (“those with the right”) were higher than the interests of everyone else. Raskolnikov decides to test whether he can step over human life to prove the correctness of his theory. And he puts his plan into action by killing the old pawnbroker. However, the hero could not bear the gravity of the crime committed: he was tormented by his conscience, which turned out to be stricter than any judge.
The hero of N.N. Nekrasov’s poem “Who Lives Well in Rus',” the village elder Ermil Girin, took advantage of his position to exempt his brother from conscription duty, and enrolled another resident of his village as a recruit instead. After this, Yermil was very remorseful, wanted to give up his position and even tried to commit suicide - the remorse for the offense he committed was so severe for him.
Competition as a driver of development modern society increasingly forces us to justify our disrespect for others by the need to be as efficient as possible, to succeed everywhere, to achieve our goal at any cost. But when your mind and heart are not in harmony, if you do not live according to your conscience: without respect for others, without sympathizing with the grief and need of others, you are doomed to loneliness and moral torment.

Arranging business trips for most accountants who also manage personnel records is quite routine. It would seem that the secondment procedure has been worked out, and there cannot be any difficulties here. But in practice, situations still arise when you have to rack your brains. This article provides answers to ten such questions.

Question No. 1: is it possible to send an employee to the same city?

Answer: yes, you can.

The Labor Code defines a business trip as a trip by an employee by order of the employer for a certain period of time to fulfill an official assignment outside the place of permanent work (Article 166 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation). As we can see, we are talking specifically about the place of work, and it is indicated in the employment contract (Article 57 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation). As a rule, the employment contract specifies the name of the organization and its address as the place of work.

It turns out that sending an employee to perform a work assignment to another organization, even if located in the same city and even on the same street, can formally be a business trip. This conclusion is confirmed by the norm of paragraph 3 of the Regulations on Business Travel*. It clarifies that the place of permanent work is considered to be the location of the organization (structural unit), the work in which is stipulated by the employment contract.

Thus, if an employee will perform work in another organization in the same city, then he can be issued a business trip. In this case, there is no need to pay daily allowances, since the employee has the opportunity to return to his place of residence every day (clause 11 of the Business Travel Regulations). There is also no need to pay living expenses. Otherwise, the business trip in this case is processed in the usual manner. But here another difficulty may await the employer. And this is our second question.

Question No. 2: are the constant trips of a freight forwarder a business trip?

Answer: no, not a business trip.

This conclusion follows from Article 166 of the Labor Code. It states that business trips of employees whose permanent work involves traveling (couriers, direct sales employees, plumbers, electricians providing services to the public), or who are on the road (drivers, conductors, pilots, machinists, forwarders) are not recognized as business trips .

Accordingly, such employees do not need to issue a travel certificate for each trip and pay daily allowances. This rule works even if the trip is to another city and for several days (for example, in the case of freight forwarders).

Question #3: Can a business trip last one day?

Answer: yes, it can.

In fact, in the Labor Code and in the Regulations on Business Travel, the issue of the minimum duration of a business trip is delicately avoided. Only paragraph 2 of the old, still Soviet Instructions on Business Travel** states that a travel certificate may not be issued if the employee must return from a business trip on the same day on which he was sent. It indirectly follows from this that the business trip can be one day. However, as already mentioned, later legislation (the Labor Code of the Russian Federation and the Regulations on Business Travel) does not contain such a clause. But these acts also do not contain a ban on one-day business trips.

From all this, only one conclusion can be drawn - one-day business trips are not prohibited, but it is better to prepare documents for them, as they say, in full (travel certificate and report). This will not be superfluous for tax purposes either. Please note that daily allowance for a one-day business trip is paid only when traveling abroad, and even then in the amount of 50 percent of the standard. For domestic Russian “one-day trips” they are not paid (clauses 11 and 20 of the Regulations on business trips).

Question No. 4: Can a business trip last indefinitely?

Answer: no, it cannot.

The old Instructions on Business Travel contain a clear rule that the duration of a business trip cannot exceed 40 days, not counting the time spent on the road. The duration of the business trip for workers, managers and specialists sent to perform installation, commissioning and construction work could not exceed one year (clause 4 of the Business Travel Instructions). However, the Regulations on Business Travel (a later document) no longer contain such a restriction. Thus, paragraph 4 of the Regulations only says that the employer sets the duration of the business trip taking into account the volume, complexity and other features of the official assignment.

It turns out that the employer, if necessary, can send an employee on a business trip for more than 40 days. But the business trip still cannot be endless. After all, as we remember, a business trip, according to Article 166 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, is a trip by an employee to carry out an official assignment. Accordingly, the duration of the business trip is determined by the timing of the execution of this order, which is clearly recorded in the document drawn up when sending the employee - the travel certificate.

Thus, if the labor inspector discovers that the task has been completed, but the employee is still on a business trip, or that the task is formulated in such a way that its completion can take an indefinitely long time, then such a “business trip” may well be recognized as a transfer of the employee. In this case, the employer faces liability up to and including suspension of the company’s activities and disqualification of the manager (Article 5.27 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation). And if the tax inspector discovers this, then daily allowances and travel allowances may come under attack. In addition, if a business trip lasts more than one month, tax authorities may decide that the company has created.

Question No. 5: How to determine the departure day if the plane departs at the beginning of the first night?

Answer: The day of departure will be the day before the day of departure of the aircraft.

This is due to the fact that, according to paragraph 4 of the Regulations on Business Travel, when determining the day of departure, it is necessary to take into account the time required to travel to the station, pier or airport, if these objects are located outside the boundaries of the populated area. Since airports are almost always located outside the city, the day of departure will be the day when the employee begins his movement towards the airport.

Please note that in this case the departure day will not coincide with the date indicated on the air ticket. Therefore, it is better to ask the employee to save and submit to the accounting department also the transport ticket with which he got to the airport.

Question No. 6: Is it necessary to provide an employee returning from a business trip with additional days off if he worked a six-day shift at the place of business trip?

Answer: no, it's not necessary.

Let’s assume that an employee at his main place of work works five days a week, and during a business trip he worked six days a week. working week. Does he have the right to additional days off? The answer to this question is directly stated in paragraph 8 of the Instructions on Business Travel. It says that an employee on a business trip is subject to the working time and rest time regime of the enterprise (association, institution, organization) to which he is sent. This means that if a six-day workday is established at the place of business trip, then the employee is obliged to work on Saturday. And upon returning from a business trip, there is no need to provide him with additional days of rest in exchange for these working Saturdays.

Issues arising when paying seconded employees were discussed in the article."

Question No. 7: Do I have to pay per diem and pay for a hotel if a posted worker gets sick?

Answer: yes, it is necessary.

This point is also directly regulated in regulatory documents. Thus, paragraph 25 of the Business Travel Regulations states that an employee who falls ill during a business trip is entitled to compensation and payment for the entire time until he is unable to perform work or return to his place of residence due to illness.

And paragraph 16 of the Instructions on Business Travel resolves the issue of extending a business trip during illness. Moreover, the solution is quite simple - sick days are simply not included in the travel period indicated on the travel certificate.

Question No. 8: What document must be drawn up when sending an employee on a business trip?

Answer: travel certificate.

This issue has been resolved quite clearly today. Clause 7 of the Business Travel Regulations states: “based on the employer’s decision, the employee is issued a travel certificate, which determines the duration of his stay on a business trip, as well as establishing the date of arrival at the point(s) of destination and the date of departure from it (from them).” It follows from this that when sending an employee on a business trip, it is necessary to have the employer’s decision (the form of this decision is not specified, which means it can be either oral or non-unified), as well as a travel certificate drawn up according to the unified form No. T-10 (approved by resolution State Statistics Committee of the Russian Federation dated 01/05/04 No. 1).

Note that earlier in this issue Confusion arose due to the fact that the legislation provided for variability in design. The employer could decide for himself which document to draw up: a business trip order or a travel certificate (clause 2 of the Business Travel Instructions). But this rule no longer applies, since it contradicts the Regulations on Business Travel (Article 423 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation).

Question No. 9: Do I need to compensate for gas costs if an employee goes on a business trip in a personal car?

Answer: necessary, but subject to certain conditions

Labor legislation does not regulate what kind of transport an employee should use to get to the place of business trip. It is logical to assume that this choice is made by the employer, taking into account the relationship between cost and travel time, as well as the need to ensure the comfort and safety of the posted worker.

Thus, if the employer has agreed on the possibility of going on a business trip by personal transport (of which there is documentary evidence), then he will be obliged to reimburse the employee’s expenses associated with travel to the place of business trip and back. In addition, in this case, the employee is entitled for official purposes, the amount of which is determined by agreement of the parties to the employment contract (Article 188 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation). The company will be able to take into account the amount of compensation in.

Question No. 10: what to do if an employee is late for a train or plane?

Answer: buy him a new ticket.

In a situation where an employee is late for the departure of transport that should take him to or from a business trip, the organization finds itself in a legal impasse. The fact is that Article 166 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation obliges the employer to pay for the employee’s travel to the place of performance of the official task and back. Obliges without any exceptions or alternatives. This means that the employer has no right not to pay for the second ticket.

The employer cannot deduct the cost of an “overdue” ticket from an employee. Article 137 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation prevents him from doing this. It contains an exhaustive list of situations when it is possible to withhold money from wages employee. And this list says nothing about the possibility of retaining the cost of an unused ticket. Therefore, the employer can either reach an amicable agreement with the employee, or go to court with a claim to recover this amount from the employee. If an employee agrees to voluntarily deposit funds into the cash register to repay the damage caused to the company, then CCT will not be required, since there is no fact of sale of goods, work, or services.

* Regulations on the specifics of sending employees on business trips (approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of October 13, 2008 No. 749).

** Instruction of the Ministry of Finance of the USSR, the State Committee for Labor of the USSR and the All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions dated 04/07/88 No. 62 “On official business trips within the USSR.” This Instruction is valid to the extent that it does not contradict the Labor Code of the Russian Federation and the Regulations on Business Travel.