Who is a single mother. Single mother or single mother. Deprivation of parental rights

Mothers who raise and provide for children alone, on their own, can be recognized by law as single mothers. Let's take a closer look at what this concept implies, determine what positive and negative points are hidden in a dash in a child's birth certificate, and also tell you what kind of support for single mothers is provided in the regions of Russia.

Single mom vs single mom - what's the difference?

In accordance with Russian law, there is no distinction between the concepts of "single mother" or "single mother". These concepts have something in common with each other, implying that a single mother will be considered a woman who brings up, raises children on her own, without the help of their father.

Of course, these concepts, from a legal point of view, are expanded by additional conditions and requirements, one of which is the mandatory absence of a father and paternity in a child. It doesn't matter if he has an actual, biological father. According to the papers, it should be clear that it does not exist.

Notice if a "paper" father exists - for example, if he pays alimony, then the status of a single mother cannot be issued.

Also, a citizen who has adopted or adopted a child can obtain the status of a single mother. Here important nuance that she should not be married at the time of adoption / adoption.

Registry offices can and are obliged to issue to single mothers certificate in form No. 25, which will indicate its status. This certificate will confirm the status - even if she marries.

In order for a spouse to stop being a single mother, the new spouse will have to register paternity for her child or children.

Let us consider in more detail using the example of tabular data, when they can assign the status of a single mother, and when its registration will be impossible.

Are endowed with the status of "single mother"	Not recognized by single mothers
The paternity of the child or children has not been established. Court documents are also taken into account, according to which a citizen can be recognized as a father.	Paternity has been established.
The citizen gave birth to a child out of wedlock.	Paternity can be established by way of special legal proceedings (Article 50 of the RF IC, clause 2 of Article 264 of the Code of Civil Procedure of the Russian Federation), even if the child was born out of wedlock. Also, the mother is not recognized as single if the child was born in marriage or as a result of divorce, widowhood.
A woman gave birth to a child within 300 days after the dissolution of the marriage, if the spouse (ex-spouse) is recorded as the father of the child, but paternity was successfully challenged in court.	The woman gave birth to a child within 300 days after the dissolution of the marriage, its recognition as invalid. In this case, the former spouse is recognized as the father of the child, even if he is not the biological father of the child.
A citizen adopted / adopted a child without being married.	A citizen adopted / adopted a child, not being married, but in a voluntary or judicial order(Article 49 of the RF IC) paternity was established.
	The parent of the child was deprived of parental rights. The decision of the court will not revoke paternity.

In our other article, you can find out how and where to get the status of a single mother, what documentation is required for this.

Pros and cons of a dash on a birth certificate

Let's consider what are the positive aspects if the father's data is not indicated in the birth certificate of the child:

1. There is no need to issue consent to actions with the child. For example, you do not need to issue consent to travel abroad.
2. There is no need to issue additional certificates at the registry office to confirm that the record about the father was made from the words of the mother. The certificate will have equal force, but only in one there will be a dash, and in the other - the initials named from the words of the mother.

Of course, there are also negative points if there is a dash in the certificate.

Minuses:

1. The child will not receive child support. It will be necessary first to formalize paternity, and then to deal with the collection of funds to provide for the child.
2. The mother will not be able to receive assistance from the state if she does not have this status, and the child has a father.
3. Psychological downside. Doctors say that it is the dash in the birth certificate that will injure the psyche of the child, therefore, in many countries the dash in this document has been canceled, for example, in Belarus, Kazakhstan.

Whether to include the father on the birth certificate is everyone's business.

If you think that you and the child will receive more privileges from the state than from the father, then there is no point in the named initials and paternity registration.

If the father will help and participate in the life of the baby, then it is worth making an entry in the birth certificate, otherwise later, the adult child will have many questions.

Does a single mother who does not have the status of a single mother have the right to benefits and benefits, social guarantees

A single mother who does not have the status of a single mother is entitled to certain regional benefits and benefits. Since her status is not documented, it is not worth talking about other rights to receive federal benefits.

About what benefits and benefits are provided for mothers with such status, we wrote in this article.

Now consider what kind of help a mother without the status of a single mother can receive:

1. Social benefits. At the regional level, a one-time allowance, in-kind assistance up to the age of 1.5 or 3 years of the child, as well as free sets of clothes at the birth of a baby can be allocated.
2. labor benefits. The employer has the right to independently provide assistance in the form of funds to a single mother, various additional payments and bonus payments. In addition, he can provide a number of concessions for such a citizen - for example, he will not reduce her, will not force her to go to work on holidays and weekends, and will offer the woman to work part-time. Also, an employer cannot refuse employment to a citizen just because she has a child or children.
3. tax incentives. May result in a tax deduction.

Mothers can also provide other support. It all depends on what kind of support is accepted in the region.

For example:

1. In Moscow and St. Petersburg provided lump sum payments at the birth of children. Their size varies depending on living wage.
2. AT Krasnodar Territory allocate funds by September 1 to single mothers whose children go to school. You need to find out from the administration what assistance they can provide you.

Remember that do not always require a certificate from the registry office when applying social assistance. It is enough to attach a birth certificate of the child, in which there will be a dash about paternity.

The status of a single mother in our country will not surprise anyone. This is a special status designed to ensure that women who raise their child on their own, good conditions life and guarantee social rights given by the Constitution of the Russian Federation. Under this status, you can receive special privileges and social benefits, in addition, single mothers receive child benefits. But still, some women decide to establish paternity. Today we will talk about what is more profitable: leaving the status of a single mother or alimony is more profitable?

The status of a single mother is automatically removed after establishing paternity and filling in the "father" column in the child's birth certificate. At the same time, she gets the right.

Contrary to popular belief, a single mother is not a woman who divorced her child's father.

Grounds for obtaining a woman as a single mother:

1. Birth of a child:
   1. Out of legal marriage;
   2. 300 days after divorce.
2. Refusal of the child's father to acknowledge his paternity;
3. Obtaining a birth certificate of a child without indicating his father (a dash or an indication of one name);
4. Lack of a statement of paternity;
5. Sole adoption or adoption of a child;
6. Denial of paternity in court.

In other words, you can get the status of a single mother only if there is no information about the father of the child. In addition, if a woman points to one man, but he does not confirm his paternity, then she also receives the status of a single mother.

Who can't get the status of a single mother?

Not always a mother raising a child on her own can receive benefits from the state. So, women cannot get the status of a single mother:

• Mothers who are in divorce proceedings or have recently filed for divorce;
• If the father of the child was deprived of parental rights, then this does not give the right to the status of a single mother;
• Mothers who gave birth to their child in a legal marriage;
• Women who gave birth within 300 days of:
  • After divorce;
  • After the death of a legal husband;
  • Recognition of marriage invalid.
• Unmarried women whose child's birth certificate has the father field filled in, even if the child's father:
  • Avoids alimony;
  • Lives separately;
  • Unfamiliar with your child
  • Recognizes his paternity, but does not participate in the educational process.
• The mother of a child who voluntarily refused the help of a man recognized as a blood father:
  • With the voluntary consent of the man;
  • in a legal manner;
  • Judicially.

A legal husband is automatically considered the biological father of the wife's child. If he has evidence that the child is not his own, then he can refute paternity in court.

Benefits of being a single mother: benefits, payments and allowances

A single mother needs special social protection from the state, for this reason, according to Russian legislation, they have received the right to special federal benefits, benefits and payments after the birth of a child.

The most important benefits they receive relate to the Labor and Tax Code, as well as a number of social benefits. The main ones include:

1. Social benefits and payments:
   1. Compensation for the increase in the cost of living, if the child is under 16 years old (with full-time education up to 18 years old) - 300 rubles. monthly;
   2. Compensation for food, if the father evades child support or the mother of the child is single, for children under three years old - 675 rubles. monthly;
   3. Benefit for caring for a disabled child of group 1 or 1 until he reaches the age of 18 (Excl. - up to 23 years if the child cannot work) - 6,000 rubles. per month;
   4. Allowance for single mothers whose total monthly income is less than the subsistence level established in the region of residence;
2. Monthly allowance for single mothers to ensure the standard of living of the child:
   1. For children from 9 to 1.5 years old - 2,500 rubles. per month;
   2. For children from 1.5 to 3 years old - 4,500 rubles. per month;
   3. For children from 3 to 18 years old - 2,500 rubles. per month.

To receive benefits for single mothers, you need to apply to the territorial department of social protection with a certificate of income for the previous 3 months. As a rule, the application is submitted after the exit from the decree, so that maternity payments do not fall into income.

1. Labor benefits and guarantees:
   1. Has the right to work part-time at his own discretion until the child reaches the age of 14;
   2. If the child is under 14 years old, then a single mother cannot be fired if a series of disciplinary violations is not noticed behind her:
      1. To reduce the staff of employees at the enterprise;
      2. When changing leadership;

• Due to the incompatibility of the qualifications of the position held.

1. If the employer decides to liquidate the company and reduce staff, the single mother will definitely get another job;
2. Benefit for caring for a sick child:
   1. In case of inpatient treatment - the amount is calculated on the basis of the work experience of a single mother;
   2. In outpatient treatment - a single mother in the first 10 days of illness will receive 100% of the salary, in the remaining time she will be charged 50%.

• Payment sick leave without restrictions, if the child is under 7 years old, if older, then payment is only 15 days.

1. The right to leave at their own expense up to two weeks at any time, at the request of a single mother;
2. A single mother won't work:
   1. Overtime;
   2. In nighttime;

• On holidays and weekends.

1. Tax credits for single mothers:
   1. Double deduction in connection with the maintenance of minor children;
   2. A double deduction can be saved if the child is a full-time student (up to age 24).

In addition, a single mother can claim additional benefits from the law to improve the living conditions of herself and her children. Additional benefits for single mothers not receiving child support include:

• Free baby underwear for a newborn baby;
• Removal of the obligation to pay for the removal of food and household waste, as well as cleaning the common territory of an apartment building - until the child reaches 1.5 years old;
• Free children food in the dairy kitchen (milk, cottage cheese, etc.) - up to 2 years;
• Discount on the purchase of medicines and children's medicines with a discount of up to 50%;
• Free use and visits to children's doctors and massage rooms in the children's clinic at the place of residence;
• Two free meals a day for children studying in general educational institutions;
• Discount (30%) on payment for additional educational institutions, circles, sections, art, music schools, etc.

In addition, children of single mothers have benefits when entering kindergartens: no queue for enrollment and a 50% discount for payment. Some regions, in turn, are trying to provide single mothers with the right to provide a free sanatorium voucher to a Russian sanatorium or resort annually, as well as in Kid `s camp exit type.

How do I get child support for a single mother?

Despite all the above benefits and allowances, which are designed to make life easier for single women. It is for this reason that many of them, knowing the biological father of the child, are faced with a choice, and what is more profitable: a single mother or alimony. And how to get child support from the father of the child.

If a single mother receives child support, she will automatically be deprived of the status and social benefits for single mothers and other social and labor guarantees.

First of all, in order for a single mother to receive alimony, she needs to prove the paternity of the alleged father of the child. This is a mandatory item for issuing alimony. In addition, to receive, you will also have to establish the relationship of a man and a child.

So, to establish paternity and receive alimony for a child born out of wedlock, you can:

• Voluntarily, with the consent of the father of the child to enter his name in the birth certificate of the child;
• In court by filing a claim to establish paternity of the alleged biological father of the child.

If the plaintiff provides insufficient evidence of the biological paternity of the man, then the judge will refuse her to receive alimony, and if she has already managed to receive alimony, then the payer will be able to issue.

What is more profitable: a single mother or child support?

We will not touch on the psychological analysis of questions about what a woman should choose. The status of a single mother or alimony have the same purpose - to protect the interests of the child and his right to receive material assistance from both parents. The only difference is that with the status of a single mother, instead of help from the father of the child, she receives help from the state.

The main advantages of being a mother of a child:

1. Guaranteed support from the state;
2. Often, payments for a child are more than child support from the father of the child (unemployed, disabled, hiding real income, etc.);
3. A man who pays alimony for a child will be able, upon receipt of disability, to demand alimony his maintenance from an already grown up son or daughter.

In addition, a single mother is deprived of labor, tax and social benefits, but at the same time she cannot be insured against the payer, the loss of his job, as well as through the court and other changes for the worse.

However, it is impossible not to note the advantages of child support:

1. The size child allowance and other government payments per child are often small and barely cover the cost of a child's food;
2. If the father of the child has a stable, high income, then the child support will be significantly higher than the child allowance;
3. It is not uncommon for the child's mother to retain her job during the liquidation of the enterprise than to receive alimony.

How to establish paternity and get child support?

If, when choosing: a single mother or alimony, a woman decides to collect payments for a child, then she needs to file an application for establishing paternity with the court at the place of registration of herself or the alleged father of the child.

The application must include the following information:

1. Full name of the court, address of its location and full name of the judge;
2. Personal data on the parties to the case (plaintiff and defendant):
   1. Full name, date of birth;
   2. Registration address.
3. Title of the document - Statement of claim on the establishment of paternity and the recovery of alimony for a minor child;
4. Thesis description of the case:
   1. Relationship with the defendant;
   2. Name of the child, date of birth;
   3. Evidence of cohabitation and ownership of property, and other circumstances.
5. List of evidence of the defendant's biological paternity;
6. The requirement is to establish paternity and assign child support payments;
7. List of attached documents:
   1. Applicant's passport;
   2. Birth certificate of the child;
   3. The result of a medical genetic examination to establish paternity;
   4. Other evidence of paternity;
   5. Certificate of income and extract from the place of work for both parties;
   6. Receipt for payment of state duty.
8. Date and signature of the applicant.

You can download a sample paternity claim.

Expert opinion

Marina Bespalaya

In 2011 she graduated from the University of Internal Affairs with a degree in jurisprudence. In 2013, a master's degree course, specialty "lawyer". In 2010-2011, a course at Portland State University (USA) at the Faculty of Criminal Law and Criminology. Since 2011 - a practicing lawyer.

Parents should think about drawing up a document confirming the transfer of money for alimony. According to Art. 808 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, receipt - confirmation of the transfer of money or material assets in a certain amount. Also, in accordance with the Decree of the Federal Arbitration Court of the North-Western District of August 11, 2010 on office work No. A56-69901 / 2009, the receipt is an appropriate evidence when confirming the fact of the transfer of funds and the absence of debt. Therefore, the execution of the document is a guarantee of protecting the interests of the participants in possible litigation.

Conclusion

So, deciding for yourself what is more profitable: the status of a single mother or alimony, you need to carefully:

• calculate the total government assistance;
• compare it with the estimated amount of alimony.

In addition, do not forget that according to the Family Code, the alimony payer is provided with many legal ways to reduce alimony. Therefore, many women, choosing in the question “a single mother or alimony”, decide to remain in a preferential position with the state than to indulge themselves with illusions about huge, but unrealizable child support. Moreover, the father cannot guarantee benefits upon admission, while the state helps in obtaining education, medical care and paying for medicines and food for the newborn.

Please note that the legislation of Russia is constantly changing and the information written by us may become outdated. In order to resolve your issue with family law, you can contact the free legal advice of the site.

So, we are talking about the legal status of single parents. This concept is contained in a number of articles of the Labor and Tax Codes when securing labor and tax benefits for this category of citizens. So in article 218 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation it is determined that widows (widowers), single parents, guardians or trustees, foster parents double the tax deduction. At the same time, the Labor Code says that a single parent is one of the parents who is not in a registered marriage.

So the concept of "single parent" applies to a parent who has never been legally married, and to a divorced parent. There is also a preferential list for admission of children to preschool institutions, which uses the term "single parent". “Single parent” means that the name and surname of the second parent do not appear in any documents, i.e. in the birth certificate of the child in the column "father (mother)" there may be a dash or the name of the father may be entered arbitrarily, at the request of the mother.

During the registration of a child, a medical document on the birth of a child, as well as passports of both parents, is submitted to the registry office. If the parents of the child are legally married, a certificate of registration of their marriage is also submitted. According to the law, a single mother can write down a child born or adopted by her in her last name, and the name and patronymic of the child is already indicated at will; the father of the child in this case does not have any rights and obligations, incl. does not pay alimony, and the child's mother receives state social support and protection. That is, there is no record of the father in the birth certificate of the child, or the record of the father of the child was made in the prescribed manner at the direction of the mother. In this case, the registry offices issue a certificate, which is the basis for making an entry about the father of the child, and which is a document necessary to provide benefits to single mothers.

If the father left the family, but he is listed on the birth certificate of the child (based on his statement of paternity or marriage certificate), then the woman is not a single mother. In other words, divorcees and widows are not single mothers.

What is the difference between "single mother" and "single mother"?
A single mother is a woman who has given birth or adopted a child without a father, i.e. She is neither a widow nor a divorced woman! By the way, dictionaries and encyclopedias do not contain a detailed interpretation of the concepts of "single mother", "single mother's family". The legal term "single mother" appears for the first time in the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of July 8, 1944 "On increasing state aid pregnant women, large families and single mothers...”. This document states that a single mother is a woman who is not legally married and has illegitimate children. At that time, the term included a broader category of mothers raising children in families without a father, incl. and divorced women and widows.

Today, the concept of "single mother" is identified with single motherhood, and families of single mothers of different marital status are called incomplete or maternal families.
“Incomplete family” is the family of a parent who, due to various reasons, alone brings up and is responsible for the child (children) living on his behalf.

That is, a single mother is a mother whose children initially have a father, he is recorded in their birth certificates, but she is forced to raise children alone (due to divorce, death or death of her husband, etc.). That is, widows and divorced women fall into the category of "single mother", but no longer fall into the category of "single mother"!
At the regional level and in local regulations of enterprises and organizations, additional benefits are allowed for single mothers. And then they use the broader concept of "single mother". In such cases, widowed and divorced mothers are equated with single mothers. Each employer decides for himself based on the financial, material and other capabilities of his organization and fixes this decision in an order, a collective agreement on which women to classify as single mothers and what benefits to provide them.
It is impossible to put identity in terms: "single parent" - "single mother" - "single mother". Persons raising children without a mother also include:
- fathers raising children without a mother;
- men raising their adopted children without a mother;
- guardians and trustees raising children without a mother;
- stepfathers raising children without a mother;
- adoptive fathers raising children without a mother.

However, the Labor Code does not list the conditions under which a man is recognized as a single father. And in everyday life, a single father is considered a man who has a child (children), whose mother died, disappeared, was deprived of parental rights, stays in a medical institution for a long time, left children to his father during a divorce, is in prison. To confirm the status of “single father”, you must have documents certifying that a man is raising children without a mother. This may be a court decision declaring the wife missing or deceased, a court decision on divorce, a death certificate of the wife simultaneously with the submission of a certificate from the housing and communal authority (HOA, housing department, etc.) on the cohabitation of children with the father.
In accordance with the Family Code, the father of a child is the person who is recorded as the father in his birth certificate. A stepfather is a person who is married in accordance with the established procedure with the mother of the child. The guardian of a child under the age of fourteen and the guardian of a child between the ages of fourteen and eighteen is a person in respect of whom there is a decision of the head of the local administration to appoint him as a guardian (curator) and who has been issued a certificate of guardianship (certificate of the guardian).
And in the next article, we will consider what benefits exist for single mothers at the present time.

“Single mother” is a stable phrase that appeared in the last century and was a common designation for a woman who gave birth to a child without a legal husband.

Nowadays, this status has acquired legal significance and is used for social and material purposes, those who decide to have a child without marriage.

Depending on the region of residence, local authorities provide mother and her child:

• a one-time surcharge to;
• compensation for the purchase of food;
• free school meals;
• reimbursement of part of the expenses for the maintenance of the child in kindergarten;
• free or partially compensated voucher to a sanatorium or health camp if there are medical indications;
• 50% discount on essential medicines, in accordance with the list approved by the Government of the Russian Federation

Benefits under the Labor Code of the Russian Federation

A single mother in most cases goes to work ahead of schedule, because she has to rely only on herself, as a rule, she is often forced to work part-time in another place in order to provide for the child.

A loner must notify the employer of their special status by submitting a child’s birth certificate, in which there is a dash in the “father” column, or other documents, such as a death certificate, a court decision declaring the second parent dead, missing or incapacitated.

If the father is in places not so remote, it will be necessary to attach a court verdict and a certificate from the correctional institution stating that the convicted person is within its walls.

The provisions of the Labor Law are aimed at protecting the labor of this category of women, a number of articles provide a single certain benefits and perks which consist of the following preferences.

Preferential work regime

At the request of a mother who is raising a child, the employer is obliged to establish for her part-time or week. Wage with such a schedule of working hours, it is paid in proportion to the amount worked or completed.

At the same time, work in this mode does not affect the calculation of labor or the duration of vacation. This order of labor relations is mainly used when the baby is still very small or it is impossible to arrange him in.

Special procedure for terminating an employment contract

Under the terms of the law impossible to fire single mother until the child reaches the age of 14, except for:

• liquidation of an enterprise or organization;
• if she allows repeated non-fulfillment of labor duties;
• a single gross violation of labor discipline, provided for in paragraph 6 of Article 81 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation.

If the company is planning to lay off staff, then a woman raising a child alone has an advantage over other employees in terms of staying at work.

When dismissed on the occasion of liquidation, the management of the enterprise must find a job alone in another place, in order to prevent loss of earnings, since such a family has the mother's salary as the only source of income.

The right to additional leave

A single mother can use the right granted by the Labor Code of the Russian Federation and add another 14 unpaid days to the next vacation. It is only necessary to keep in mind that such a condition should be spelled out in the collective agreement.

It can be issued at any time at the request of the employee, once in a calendar year. At the same time, a woman can use it both as a whole and in parts. The opportunity to rest for another two weeks is given to the mother until her child is 14 years old.

Refusal to work at night

An employer cannot force a single mother to work on a night shift, which is recognized as the time from 10 p.m. to 6 a.m.

A single mother must notify the management in writing of the impossibility or unwillingness to go to work at night, while her refusal cannot be regarded as a violation of labor discipline.

It is impossible to force women who are raising a child in the absence of a father to work, also on holidays and weekends. The employer is obliged to inform the woman in writing about her right to refuse to go to work.

The procedure for sending on a business trip and to work on a rotational basis

Legislation regulates legal relations related to business trips, such as a business trip to another city or locality. The management of the enterprise can send a single mother only with her written consent.
As for shift work, when the absence can be very long, the law prohibits sending single mothers there.

Benefits for military personnel and large families

It is very difficult for a single mother to raise and support children, and if she has several of them and she is assigned the status, then support from the state should somehow cover and compensate for the costs.

For this purpose, a number of measures have been developed in the form benefits and social guarantees in relation to a mother with more than 2 children and raising them without a husband:

In accordance with regulations in the military sphere for single mothers:

• kept for a period maternity leave monetary and in-kind allowance;
• the time spent on maternity leave is included in the length of service for calculating pension supplements;
• providing food and groceries through special stores until the child is 3 years old;
• cannot be recruited for guard and garrison duty.

Deprivation of parental rights

Unfortunately, the status of a single mother does not give her any advantages in matters of deprivation of parental rights. According to the general rules of the Family Code, parental responsibilities can be terminated in respect of any person who neglects the upbringing and maintenance of a child.

Regardless of whether the mother of the child is raising the child with or without her husband, the court may, at the request of the interested persons, take termination of parental rights if woman:

• evades the upbringing and maintenance of the child;
• is a chronic alcoholic or drug addict;
• does not take the child from the maternity hospital or other educational institution;
• child abuse;
• committed a criminal act against her offspring.

A woman who has decided to become a mother is already worthy of respect, and the one who wishes to have a child, despite the difficulties and absence of a father, is truly a heroine. Therefore, the state should strive to provide all possible assistance in raising her children and develop other ways of support and benefits.

About state assistance to single mothers is described in the following video:

Single mother - who is considered by law in Russia? They include those women who give birth exclusively “for themselves”. An important indicator is that in the documents about the birth of the baby, there is no specifics about the biological father.

There is a whole system to support the financial condition of such families in which babies grow up without a father from birth. The legislation clearly states what benefits and allowances a single mother can receive from the state. Let's take a closer look at all possible options for supporting Russian single mothers.

Auxiliary signs of those who are considered a single mother will be the following characteristics:

The concept of a single mother also includes those whose claims for a genetic examination of DNA to a particular man were not justified, and the court did not confirm paternity. There are special conditions for them.

Example: Kristina and her husband did IVF with donor sperm. 3 years after the birth of the child, the husband left for another woman. Christina was left alone in her arms with her little son. She went to court: after all, it was their common with ex-husband child. A genetic procedure was not even required, I had IVF documents on hand. The ex-husband was not the biological father. However, the court did not approve Christina as a single mother. She was married before and after pregnancy, and her son's documents contain the data of Christina's ex-husband. Therefore, the man was awarded the payment of alimony.

So how is the concept of a single mother defined in the law?

A single mother (definition by law) is a citizen of the Russian Federation who has given birth or adopted a child without being married and who is raising him alone.

In Russia, additional payments are established for a woman when she is considered a single mother. In addition to cash subsidies, there are other benefits provided by the state for such single-parent families.

What gives a woman the status of a single mother?

The status of a single mother implies various subsidies for Russian women, their volume is directly proportional to the number of small dependents. The fundamentals are legalized in Decree No. 81 of May 19, 1995 “On State Benefits for Citizens with Children”.

Actual instructions: up to what age the child benefit is paid is determined by the regional legislators of the local scale. Alas, a separate law regulating the benefits of such mothers has not been created in Russia.

What are the benefits for mothers without a husband

Russian laws provide for various privileges for single parents. Let's see what exactly they receive from the state.

The benefits of a single mother with one child are identical to those with two children. An increase in various payments, subsidies and benefits occurs only after the birth of a third child, when a single mother becomes a large mother.

What is given at the birth of a child

At the birth of the first child and subsequent children, it is assumed that from the day the baby is born and up to 3 years old, baby food will be compensated. That is, additional costs for this item of expenditure will not be required.

The maternity ward will provide bed linen, diapers and clothes for the newborn, including a discharge kit.

Benefits in kindergarten and school

Benefits for single mothers vary by the number of children they have. A mother with two children receives the same social package as with only one child. But for women with three children, more extensive subsidies are provided.

Children have special conditions at school and kindergarten:

In each region of Russia, the amount of benefits and allowances per month is calculated based on local laws and the income of a woman. Therefore, be sure to contact the regional social authorities. protection to find out all possible compensation.

Benefits in the healthcare system

A single mother can also enjoy special health conditions that are necessary for the health of both herself and her baby:

Utility bill discounts

Insolvent single mothers are provided with subsidies for public services. Their volumes are calculated based on the wealth of the payer. To receive benefits for single mothers on rent, you need to contact the Housing Office directly. It is important to have the following documents with you:

Specialists will consider the application within 10 days, and after that they will announce the decision.

Working conditions and benefits at work

Single mothers are given special labor regulations. Namely:

Also, single mothers are given extra days for their wedding if they have a minor child.

To receive these benefits, a woman needs to prove her status as a single mother to an employer. How to do it and how to apply Required documents consider further.

Single parent status confirmation

How can a woman who is raising a child alone obtain the status and certificate of a single mother? Does such a document exist at the legislative level?

At present, Russia has not developed a special certificate for single mothers. Formally, their status is established by the bureaucracy, so supporting documents are required. The situation of single mothers is documented through the service Social support population.

Let us consider in detail how you need to confirm the status and what documents are needed for its registration:

A certificate in form 25 can be obtained in the same place as all other documents on civil status, that is, in the registry office.

We repeat once again that in order to register the status of a single mother in a document from the registry office, there should be a dash in the column about the father.

Marriage and divorce of single mothers

Above, we have already analyzed in detail who has the right to receive the status of a single parent. However, the following important fact should be noted.

But there are exceptions to this rule in certain situations:

• The birth occurred after 10 months from the date of the divorce, and it does not matter who actually initiated the divorce.
• The ex-husband has completely lost his paternal authority. The waiver of parental rights on the part of the father is attached to the general set of papers for registration.

The following question is also popular: if a loner gets married, does she lose her status, cash payments and other perks? In this case, the law says that her privileges are preserved if the life partner does not share the obligation to care for the stepson or stepdaughter and does not try to adopt them.

A woman who gave birth in marriage, but by the will of fate divorced, who became a widow, will not achieve the rights and benefits for single mothers. In one version, this will be alimony from the former husband, and in the other, it will be a benefit for the loss of a breadwinner.

Example: Eugene and Sofia got married when they were almost 18 years old. Zhenya was drafted into the army, he ended up in a hot spot. Sonya was on the 5th month. According to the law, Eugene should have been allowed to go home to his pregnant wife, but he tragically died in battle. A week after the news, Sofia gave birth ahead of schedule, without delivering the baby for more than 3 months. The child survived. But Sonya could not establish herself in single mothers. After all, she was married, and the crumbs had a father, and 300 days at the time of birth had not passed since the death of Eugene. Therefore, the maximum that she won from the officials is the survivor's allowance.

You can clarify the nuances of interest in your situation as a single mother online by getting a free consultation on our legal website. Toll-free phone numbers for consultations can be found at the top or on the right. You can also write your question to the consultant at the bottom of this page.

Income tax features

Government supports single mothers different ways, even benefits for personal income tax. For them, a double social deduction is established for a child until they reach the age of 18.

This means that when calculating income tax, a woman can enjoy the right to double the reduction of the taxable base. And if the son or daughter receives vocational education (full-time education), then the right to a double deduction for the child, if the mother is single, is extended until the student turns 24 years old.

Legislatively, all standard social deductions are enshrined in Art. 218 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation. They are calculated monthly and deducted from the salary, the cumulative total of which in the current year does not exceed 350,000 rubles.

Here are the double standard deductions for single mothers in 2020:

1. 2800 r. - for the first and second child;
2. 6000 r. - for the child born third, as well as for all subsequent children.
3. 24000 r. - if a single parent has a child of the first or second group;
4. 12000 r. - if a minor with a disability is being brought up by a guardian or foster parents.

Example: Zinaida's salary is 35,000 rubles. per month. She is raising 2 young children alone. At the beginning of the year, she applied for a social deduction. Her discount when calculating the taxable base for personal income tax will be 5600 rubles. (2800 rubles for each child)

The calculation of personal income tax for the month will be as follows: (35,000 - 5600) * 13% = 3822.00 rubles. That is, she will pay income tax not on the entire amount of wages, but minus the tax benefit provided to her as a single mother.

Accordingly, Zinaida will receive 31,178.00 rubles in her hands. She will receive such an amount until October inclusive, and then her income will exceed the amount of 350,000 rubles established for receiving the deduction.

This means that in November and December, Zinaida's income will decrease due to the lack of deductions from her salary.Calculation of personal income tax: 35,000 * 13% = 4550.00 rubles. As a result, the amount will be given to the hands:35 000 – 4550,00 = 30 450,00.

It is important to know when and what documents to submit to receive a double deduction for personal income tax. The official list includes:

Here is a sample application for a standard child tax credit that a single parent can write.

There are situations when such an application at work was not provided on time, and the employer calculated personal income tax without taking into account additional benefits. In this case, at the end calendar year it will be possible to contact tax office(at the place of registration) in order to return the excess withheld tax.

In this case, you will have to collect the same package of documents that is listed above, as well as fill out a tax return by.

About the new marriage of a single mother and the preservation of deductions, it was already written above. But here again I would like to emphasize the preferential rights to apply income tax. So what if a single mother got married, is she entitled to a double deduction and does she lose her personal income tax benefits?

All the rights of a single mother are preserved in the case when the newly-made spouse does not share responsibility for the child. That is, he does not adopt, does not adopt him, and their relationship is connected only through his wife.

Single mother allowance in 2020 (numbers)

Legislators have established what benefits are due to a single mother in Russia. The rules are printed in the latest version of the federal law “On monthly payments families with children” dated December 28, 2017 N 418-FZ. But it tells only about the standards and it is not known how much a single mother receives every month. However, 2018 was a turning point in this regard: benefits for women were increased.

So what allowance is given for the first child and how much money for the second? Now a woman can independently determine what amount of benefits she can count on. All payments will be considered in the tables below.

There are different payments for working and non-working single mothers. Some of them are paid once:

But there are also regular benefits, the amount of which depends on whether the woman worked before going on maternity leave.

After 1.5 years of maternity leave, the payment of cash benefits to women practically ceases. Next, you have to rely more on yourself.

But for working single mothers, monthly compensation is provided at the expense of the employer to care for a child under 3 years old in the amount of 50 rubles. For poor people, financial assistance is pre-established until the child reaches the age of 16, its volume is approved at the regional level.

If a single parent does not work, then she is still entitled to payments that she can support a child up to a year and a half. True, the amount of money will be much lower than that of a working mother.

How to get housing for a woman with a child

Not all families can boast of a satisfactory condition of the house. But they have special housing programs from the state. Let's look at how to get a mortgage and get an apartment.

Housing programs only exclusively for single mothers are not yet provided. But in the future it is assumed that all of them will be able to receive certificates for housing. But these days there are general conditions for them.

This means that a woman will be able to join the queue for new housing for her family only in the general list with the rest of the beneficiaries:

Also, a single mother can choose the Young Family program for herself, if conditions allow. To do this, you need to comply with the following parameters:

With a successful outcome of events, the state provides a subsidy in the amount of 40% of the cost of housing for the first mortgage payment.

To apply for a mortgage, you will need the following documentation:

A certificate in form 25, confirming the status of a single mother, is not needed here, and often even contraindicated. Banks are reluctant to approve loans to single mothers: after all, they are a socially vulnerable segment of the population, which is protected by the state. Even if such a woman cannot pay off her mortgage on time, the bank will never evict her to the street.

Maternity capital as part of the mortgage payment

Since 2006, a pilot project to stimulate the birth rate has been operating in the country. All women who give birth to a second child, the state gives a certificate in the amount of 453,026 rubles. Maternity capital does not depend on marital status and is given to both married and single mothers.

The undoubted advantage is that with the help of it you can solve issues with a new, more spacious apartment. You cannot cash out this money, but you can use it for targeted spending. Namely:

When purchasing housing at the expense of a certificate, it must be taken into account that the state prohibits the deterioration of living conditions. All family members must own a share of the property. The certificate is not allowed to be used if the child is under 3 years old.

Experts answer popular questions

Question: I am raising a child alone. Can I get a subsidy of 300 thousand?

Answer: There are no such precedents in the legislation.

Question: A year ago I gave birth without a husband. How can I get help from the government? What should be done for this?

Answer: It is necessary to collect documentation once, take it to the Social Security at the place of registration and confirm your status. After that, the state will provide you with the material support required by law. If your marital status does not change, you do not need to return to Social Security.

Question: Is a single woman with a child entitled to a free apartment?

Answer: This is not provided for in the legislation. The only remotely similar option would be housing for social hire: when the state provides municipal housing to those in dire need. But there is a very long line for it.

Question: What payments are there at the birth of a child for women without a husband?

Answer: At least you will get 43675.80 rubles. In general, the amount is not fixed and it is considered from the income of the woman in labor at work.

Question: How much does a single mother earn for 2 children?

Answer: The amount of payments after 2 babies is fixed up to 1.5 years and is equal to 6284.65 rubles. For working mothers, children's money is paid at work, and for the unemployed - in Social Insurance at the place of registration. The family also receives a maternity capital certificate in the amount of 453,026 rubles.

Question: What additional payments are due to pensioners to single mothers?

Answer: There are no specific surcharges. Disability pensioners receive a pension according to their group, and child benefits according to the regulations established by the regional authorities. Poor women will receive financial support from the state to raise a child up to the age of 16.

If you need personal advice or assistance in filling out a 3-NDFL tax return, as well as sending it to the tax office through the service “ Personal Area taxpayer”, feel free to go to the page with our.