Do pensions in Japan pay pensioners. Retirement age in Japan. Japanese pension

Retirement age in different countries the world is set different. Also, each state has its own rules for entering a well-deserved rest. Do not forget that the money paid to a person is accrued according to different principles. Each country has its own rules in this regard. What distinguishes pension systems in the world from the Russian accrual of funds in old age? What features should you pay attention to? At what age do they go on a well-deserved rest in a particular area? It is rather difficult to answer, because every year various changes take place in relation to pensioners in the world. To find at least approximate answers about how much is the average retirement age in different countries of the world, the table will help. Where is the best support for the elderly?

Three systems

At the moment, there are only a few systems in the world that allow you to easily determine the amount of due payments upon retirement. There are 3 such points in total. Each system has its own characteristics and nuances. They will have to be taken into account.

The age of retirement in different countries and its size is different everywhere. But in general, funds can be accrued in the following ways:

according to an individual savings plan;
distribution system based on taxes (pension);
distribution based on total tax revenues.

But the age at which it is allowed to take a well-deserved rest, as a rule, varies. Much depends on the situation in a particular country, as well as on the average life expectancy of people.

Men and women

With all this, the retirement age in different countries of the world for men and women is different. As practice shows, there are very few countries where both the "weak" half of the population and the "strong" achieve the opportunity to enter a well-deserved rest at the same time.

All this is due to the fact that women are a priori considered weaker and less resilient. And this despite the fact that the beautiful half of society lives on average longer than men. Plus, in the length of service, many include the period of caring for newborns.

Men almost always get the right to a well-deserved rest later. They are considered the main money earners, they are stronger and more resilient. But at the same time, as statistics show, it is often the male half of society that has a shorter life expectancy.

Modern tendencies

Each state tries to leave the pension system in a stable state. But in today's conditions, it is very problematic to do this. In 2015-2016, the retirement age in different countries of the world began to rise. Or in the states they began to actively discuss these changes. The global crisis makes itself felt - there is practically no one to work, if we exclude pensioners. The available funds in the treasury of each country is not enough for all expenses. Therefore, in order to replenish it, it is necessary to force the population to work longer.

Also, in some countries they talk not only about but also about equalizing this indicator among men and women. Anyway, now drastic changes will not be anywhere - such a step will lead to a general revolt. The population is not ready to drastically postpone their legal vacation. Therefore, almost all countries began to slowly but surely raise the retirement age. So as to cause minimal damage to the population.

Peculiarities of pension systems

However, do not forget about the formation of pension savings. It has already been said that countries use different principles for calculating money "for old age." The most popular technique is a combination of several types. What features and principles of pension formation are hidden in each of the 3 existing pension systems?

Individually funded - this is when a citizen works, transfers part of his earnings to the Pension Fund. Or the employer does it for the subordinate. Further, old-age pension will be formed from these savings.

Distribution with a basis on pension taxes Current employees don't save their money. They transfer part of their earnings to pay pensions to current pensioners. Accordingly, such employees will receive their "savings for old age" at the expense of working citizens after retirement.

Distribution on the basis of general taxes - funds are paid out of the funds received by the tax fund.

Country promises

The retirement age varies from country to country. Somewhere it is more, somewhere less. What promises do some states make about this? Key statements include:

Ukraine, which promises to raise the retirement age for women to 60. These changes should take place by 2021.
Kazakhstan wants to equalize the retirement age for men and women in 2018. Now they plan to make it at 63 years old.
In Britain and Poland, a well-deserved rest will be given only from the age of 67.
The United States plans to dramatically increase the retirement age - from 65 to 69 years.
France is going to bring the possibility of retirement to the mark of 62 years.

These are the main changes that they want to bring to life in the world. In fact, as experts say, there is no ideal pension system and optimal retirement age yet.

The longest work

What kind of retirement is possible in different countries of the world? Who works the most? Or rather, longer than all the others? The thing is that if you do not take into account the plans of countries regarding raising the retirement age, then at the moment, after all, a well-deserved rest awaits the inhabitants of Albania.

Here men retire at 69.5 and women at 64.5. Also, citizens in Denmark must work longer than everyone else. Here for everyone there is a restriction on access to a well-deserved rest. Both men and women living in Denmark go on vacation at age 67.

This list should include Germany. The retirement age in different countries of the world is usually different for the male and female half of society. But the Germans have rules, as in Denmark - everyone is equal in the matter of going to a well-deserved rest. In addition, it is only allowed to do this after 67.

Below all

And who in the world works the least? It has already been said that the pension system is constantly undergoing changes in each state. But at the same time, somewhere the age of reaching a well-deserved rest is the lowest.

Belarus is currently among such countries. In it, men receive a pension from 60, and women from 55. Russia and Ukraine are also located here. They go on a well-deserved rest in the same way as in the previously listed countries, but women must work until the age of 56. In France, everyone receives a pension from 60.

These countries are unsurpassed leaders in entering a well-deserved rest. But this does not mean at all that the standard of living of pensioners for those who may not work earlier is better or worse. It all depends on the rules that apply to the formation of pension savings.

Leaders in pensions

Now the retirement age in different countries is clear (the table will be given below). But does it somehow affect the money received? Actually, not really. Basically, everything depends on the welfare of the country. Everywhere the level of pensions is different. Many generally try to save money for old age, so as not to depend on the state.

Now citizens receive rather high pension payments in France. If you convert a pension into rubles, then in this state a person is entitled to 42-43 thousand rubles. Then you can include Germany in the list of the "richest" pensioners - 32-33 thousand. In Japan, pensioners receive an average of 27,500 rubles in rubles, in the USA a little less - 24-25 thousand.

The lowest pensions

The retirement age in different countries (the table is presented), as you can already see, does not have a significant impact on payments. Which countries provide the least support for retired people?

At the moment, the lowest pensions are available in China. Here, a person is entitled to about 9,500 rubles a month. In Latvia - 9,300. Russia is also among the countries that transfer the least amount of money to their citizens in the form of pensions. According to some reports, an average person receives 8-9 thousand rubles a month. Not everyone has such low payouts, but the averages still remain at the lowest level.

Features of the pension system of the Russian Federation

Retirement in different countries of the world, as it has already become clear, is constantly changing. And recently, many want to increase it significantly. It requires special attention. It often suffers some kind of innovation. Therefore, the population does not know how to behave. Most do not rely on the state and try to save money for old age on their own.

The point is that in the territory Russian Federation Recently, a points system for calculating pensions has been in place. In order to receive money in old age, you need to have 7 years and 30 so-called. Depending on how many of these "points" are in the citizen's account, a pension will be formed.

Also, they want to increase the age of entry to a well-deserved rest in the Russian Federation, and significantly. It is planned to increase the existing restrictions every 6 months for six months. And to bring the retirement age of women to 60 years, and men to 63. They want to implement the idea by 2020-2021. Many are negative about these changes. After all, some pensioners, taking into account the average life expectancy in the country, will never see their savings. Or it won't take long to get them. That is why in Russia it was proposed to gradually raise the retirement age.

Also in the Russian Federation there is a funded system for the formation of pensions. In 2017, the funded parts of payments will be "frozen" until 2019. This measure is forced - to get out of the crisis.

Table

Now it is clear how much retirement is due in different countries. The table below will clearly show the difference between some states.

This list can be continued indefinitely. The main thing is that they plan to raise the retirement age. No one knows exactly how much it will be in a few years in a particular area. The retirement age in different countries of the world is a variable value. You need to constantly monitor the changes that have come into force.

Involvement of housewives

Housewives have the right to receive a pension without paying pension contributions. In this way, they support their husbands: the level of expenses of the family as a cell of society is reduced, freeing up resources to meet the needs, needs and contribute to the growth of well-being.

Each housewife is entitled to a standard pension (about $600), and after the death of her husband, she is entitled to receive part of his additional / professional pension.

Problems of Japanese society

In general, Japanese pensioners live well, but this issue has its own exceptions and nuances.

The amount of $1,500 for Russians and especially people of retirement age may seem very large, but the standard of living in Japan should also be taken into account. And living here is expensive - the average salary in the country is $ 3,500.

Accordingly, the elderly in the country spend about half of their payments on medical, insurance and other services.

There are entire neighborhoods where old people live on the level below living wage. In such areas, there are points for issuing free food, etc.

Prosperous old age, the opportunity to relax, engage in physical activity, travel, etc., the Japanese also appear due to their own deposits. Most of the citizens are still working, saving up to 30% of their monthly income “for happy old age". It is this kind of frugality that helps them feel financially secure after retirement.

The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) has published a list of countries with the largest number of citizens over 65 who continue to work. This is stated in the report of the organization. The list was topped by Ireland, where more than half (56.3 percent) of citizens aged 65 to 69 continue to work. The second was Indonesia (50.6 percent), the third - South Korea with 45 percent. The top ten also included Japan (42.8 percent), Chile (39.9 percent), Israel (39.3 percent), Mexico (38.6 percent), China (36 percent) and India (35.8 percent). The top five countries with the lowest number of senior citizens working, according to the report, are Luxembourg, where no one works after 65, Belgium (4.7 percent), Hungary (5.3 percent), Slovenia (5.2), Slovakia (5.6).
Information about Russians who continue to work after the age of 65 is not provided in the report. Dominance in the list of countries where citizens over 65 continue to labor activity, due to differences in culture and legislation of European and Asian countries. Thus, in some European countries, employees can be fined if they continue to work after retirement age. Government attempts to raise the retirement age have been met with protests. At the same time, in many Asian countries, citizens came out in support of the idea of increasing the retirement age. In particular, in Japan in 2025 the retirement age will be raised.

The retirement age in Japan is the same for both sexes. Since 1942, a system of pension payments called "public" has been practiced in this country. This name is due to the fact that only a third of it was subsidized from the state treasury, and the overwhelming amount consisted of contributions from the working population and employers. Since 1986, every resident of Japan has been receiving basic disability accruals on time, upon reaching a certain age or loss of a breadwinner. Japanese women can become pensioners after the age of 65. But, in this case, they will receive the minimum amount of basic payments - about 67,000 yen (about 41,000 rubles or 600 US dollars). There is a certain scheme that allows Japanese women to interrupt their seniority at 60, but at the same time they receive an amount a quarter less than what is paid after 65 years. If a woman continues to work, by the age of 70 the pension will be increased by 25% relative to payments received at the age of 65. Basic deductions are accrued to pensioners who have reached the age of 70 and have at that time a total length of service of at least 25 years. At the same time, during the performance of work duties, insurance deductions are necessarily paid. If, after reaching the age suitable for leaving work, a woman continues to work, then in addition to the basic component, she is also entitled to professional or labor compensation, which increases annually by 5%.
FOR MEN
Japan is one of the few countries where the retirement age for both sexes is the same at 70. At the same time, the Japanese have the opportunity to leave work at the age of 60-64, but then the basic part of payments is cut by 25%. The calculation of such payments for men occurs in a similar way as for women - the length of service must be at least a quarter of a century, and the date of retirement must be no earlier than sixty-five years. When continuing career and labor activities after the onset of retirement age, men are accrued labor pension, which increases by 5% every year. In addition to the above accruals, residents of Japan are entitled to a lump-sum payment upon retirement. Its amount is calculated by multiplying the number of years worked by the salary received by the employee - the result will be the compensation issued.

The share of pensioners in Japan accounts for one fifth of the total population. According to this indicator, it is the leader among the states of the world. The Japanese are not afraid to meet old age, realizing that a pension in Japan will protect them from poverty, and the pension system operating in the archipelago will provide social protection even in the event of the most serious crises.

General information

Elderly people of the Land of the Rising Sun began to receive regular financial assistance from the state in 1942. A third of the payments under the "Public Pension" program was made from the state budget, the formation of the remaining part was carried out at the expense of deductions from employed citizens, as well as individual entrepreneurs.

In fact, Japan's pension system began to work only after the reforms carried out in 1954, when the country's economy, which emerged from the post-war crisis, stabilized. The norms of the updated Japanese legislation guaranteed monthly payments all members of the population who are employed and have crossed the age limit of 60 years.

The Pension Fund (PF) was subsidized by the state. The bulk of the fund included deductions from employers and working citizens (50/50).

The rate of tax deductions in the PF gradually increased:

in 1961, 3.5% was taken from wages;
by 1996 the rate had risen to 16.5%.

To date, the assets of the Pension Fund of Japan exceed 170 trillion yen (1.61 trillion dollars).

What types of pensions exist in Japan

Many are interested in whether there is an old-age pension in Japan. The answer to this question will be yes, and there are 3 types of financial support. Let's consider them briefly.

State pension. Paid to those who worked in enterprises with a number of employees not exceeding 5 people, or self-employed.
professional pension. It is assigned to all officially employed persons who work at least 30 hours a week. The PF contribution rate is 18.3%. It is divided equally between employer and employee.
One time allowance. It is paid by the management of the employing company, and not by the state.

Retirement age

The age at which you can stop working in the Land of the Rising Sun is the same for men and women - 65 years. But the law allows retirement in Japan even earlier, after the 60th birthday. Another option is to continue working until the age of 70.

To leave early for a well-deserved rest are entitled to:

injured at work;
having special merit;
working in hazardous industries.

An employee applying for a pension must have at least 10 years of work experience and pay insurance premiums in a timely manner.

Due to the decline in the birth rate and the increase in life expectancy, the Japanese government has begun to consider the possibility of raising the retirement age to 71 years. The authorities explain this by the following reasons:

There is a negative trend of a sharp decline in the population of the country. According to forecasts, over the next 40 years, the number of people living in the archipelago will decrease from 127 million to 88 million. As a result, there will also be a reduction in labor resources.
After retirement, most Japanese remain socially active for a long time.
Many Japanese who have received the status of pensioners are ready to continue working after 65 years.
One of the best healthcare systems in the world allows the Japanese to be mentally and physically healthy until old age.

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The amount of payments to Japanese pensioners

The size pension payments age depends on a number of parameters:

Main part. About 73% of the total amount is accrued from the Pension Fund every month if a person retires at the age of 65. Upon termination of employment at the age of 60, the amount of financial assistance is reduced by 30%. Average value social pension fluctuates around the mark of 74.5 thousand yen (700 dollars).
professional pension. Important point concerning the accrual of financial assistance of this type - the person's belonging to a certain category of workers. For example, for those who are interested in what kind of pension civil servants in Japan have, we will inform you: they receive approximately 2/5 of their salary. Savings for the next financial aid in old age are formed from employee contributions to the Pension Fund in the amount of 5% of earnings. In addition, the employer transfers money to the account of his employee in the Pension Fund.
One time allowance. The payout amount is calculated using the formula:

CB = EO × NUM where

SV - the amount of payment, the desired parameter;

EO - monthly salary;

NUM - the number of years worked in the company.

According to statistics, the average pension in Japan in 2019 is 159,645 yen (1,500 dollars or 100,059 rubles). This is 60% of the average salary in Japan.

Even the minimum pension in the archipelago, equal to 63,830 yen (600 dollars or 40,048 rubles), is several times higher than the average value of this indicator in Russia (14,100 rubles) and, for example, in China (for rural residents - 1,238 rubles, and for city - 2 4006 rubles).

Detailed information about the pension program in the People's Republic of China is presented in the article ““.

Given that a person in old age does not need to spend money on raising children, acquiring housing, such provision for old age can be considered quite worthy.

Against this background, it is not at all surprising that the most expensive trade enterprises in the Land of the Rising Sun with goods famous brands targeted at older buyers. After all, their solvency is at a high level.

Thanks to the inherent frugality mentality of the Japanese, over the past years, pensioners, as a rule, managed to form their own cash savings. In combination with a pension, this allows older people to acquire even what they previously denied themselves.

How to get a pension for a foreigner

Let us say right away that a pension in Japan for foreigners is paid only to those citizens of other states who have paid insurance premiums to the Pension Fund and who have a Japanese residence permit. Leaving the territory of Japan, they can apply for a lump sum payment. The existing limitation will be discussed below.

But the option to leave money in the Japanese Pension Fund to use it after going on a well-deserved rest in the Russian Federation in this case is unrealistic. The fact is that there is no agreement between Russia and Japan in the field of pension provision.

In addition, when leaving Japan, you can request to receive the amount of insurance premiums paid under the “kosei nenkin” system (this is how the labor part of the pension is called in Japanese in Russian transcription).

It's good to know that:

If a Russian, living in Japan, worked full time, paid contributions to the Pension Fund for 10 or more years, upon returning to Russia to receive pension payments, he can apply to the Pension Fund of Japan. The place of residence of a foreigner at the time of his retirement for a well-deserved rest does not matter for the establishment of a Japanese pension.
With a period of residence in the archipelago of 3-9 years, leaving it, foreigners receive insurance premiums paid only during the last three years. Moreover, they must request them no later than 2 years from the date of departure from the Land of the Rising Sun.
If a resident lived in Japan and paid contributions to the PF for less than 3 years, when leaving, he can count on the funds transferred by him and his employer to be returned to him in full. In this case, the same condition for sending a request for a refund applies - no later than 2 years from the date of departure from the territory of Japan.

A one-time allowance is paid to foreigners only after they leave the Land of the Rising Sun. To do this, they need to leave a trustee in Japan, giving him the authority to fill out all the necessary documents.

There is another option, however, in some cases longer: before leaving Japan, a foreigner writes to the Pension Fund a request to transfer money to a bank account operating in his homeland.

Conclusion

Japan began paying pensions in 1942. Today, the amount of this financial assistance in the Land of the Rising Sun is one of the largest among all states in the world.

On average, the Japanese, having gone on a well-deserved rest, receives about 60% of the salary. And this is approximately 159,645 yen, which in translation at the current rate is approximately 1,500 dollars.

How much exactly the Japanese will be charged depends on when he goes on a well-deserved rest. He will receive all the funds due, having acquired the status of a pensioner no earlier than at the age of 65. And if he stops working after 60, the amount of the pension will be 30% less.

Retirement after 70, how much they get in Japan: Video

The level of social responsibility of the state can be easily assessed by the quality of life of pensioners. After all, a pension is, in fact, a reward for a citizen for decades of economic activity. This reward is quite burdensome for the budget, and the amount of spending on the pension system speaks about the social nature of the state better than any statements by officials. In this article, we will analyze the standard of living of pensioners in different countries of the world, including Russia.

USA

The United States has 325 million people, the third largest in the world. Of them on pension provision there are more than 42 million people - 13% of the population. The retirement age in the US ranges from 65 to 67, depending on the year of birth. You can also retire early - at the age of 62, but then the pension will be incomplete and will remain so until the end of your life. On average, American men retire at 67 and women at 65.

Average duration The life expectancy in the US is 77 years for men and 81.5 years for women, so the average American has 10-15 years of carefree retirement. It may seem that the average American pension of just over $1,400 cannot be enough for a carefree life in the United States. However, there are a huge number of social programs. These are extensive discounts in stores and hotels, surcharges on payments at the state and federal government levels.

China

In terms of population, this country is a record holder - 1 billion 380 million people. It is difficult to determine how many of them are pensioners due to the opacity of Chinese statistics, the blurring of the definition of a pensioner. The mere fact that a Chinese reaches retirement age does not mean that he will be considered a pensioner. For example, rural residents do not receive pensions at all.

In general, the retirement age in China is set at 60 for men and 50-55 for women. The average life expectancy is 74.5 and 77.5 years, respectively, so that a typical Chinese citizen can count on 15-20 years of rest. Pension benefits vary greatly from profession to profession and from province to province. On average, this is about $250. However, there are no benefits for pensioners.

Japan

Almost 127 million people, of which more than 20% are pensioners, and this number is growing rapidly - Japan is rapidly aging. This leads to enormous financial burdens on the state. The situation is aggravated by the highest average life expectancy in the world: 80.5 years for men and almost 87 years for women. At the same time, the retirement age is not so high - 65 years for both sexes. This means that the average Japanese lives in retirement for 15-20 years.

When retiring, a resident of Japan receives lump sum payment in the amount of his salary for all his work experience in this enterprise. Considering how rarely the Japanese change jobs, the sums are more than impressive. The further pension consists of two components: the basic part, provided by the state, and the funded part, consisting of deductions from the employee himself. The result is an average pension of $1,500.

Israel

Only 8 million 860 thousand people live in this miniature country, while Israel is a rather young country - there are only a little more than 10% of pensioners, which is less than 1 million people. A high birth rate and a small number of old people, atypical for highly developed countries, allow the state to take good care of pensioners. As a result, men live here for an average of 80.5 years, and women for 84 years. They become pensioners at the age of 67 and 64, respectively, and live another 13-20 years.

Israel is a country of immigrants with a relatively short history, so pensions here are formed in a specific way. The maximum pensions are received by those Israelis who have worked in the country for more than 30 years. Workers with experience from 10 to 30 years receive less. The rest can only count on basic payments. However, there is also a separate old-age benefit, which together gives an average pension of $1,800.

Germany

The population is over 82 million people. For several decades, the birth rate in Germany has been lower than the death rate, so the society is rapidly aging. There are 23% of pensioners here, or almost 19 million people. At the same time, the average life expectancy is 80 years for men and 86 years for women, and both retire at 65. That is, people are provided with 15-20 years of rest.

Pension accruals are derived according to a rather complex formula, the final amount depends on a number of parameters, up to marital status and place of residence. On average, women receive a significantly smaller pension than men: 590 euros against 1020 euros. Interestingly, in East Germany, the average female pension is 840 euros.

France

The country is inhabited by almost 67 million people, and this number is constantly growing not only due to immigration, but also due to natural growth, which is a rarity for highly developed countries. Nearly 16.5% of the population, or 11 million people, can be attributed to the elderly aged 65+. But there are a few more pensioners, because in France people retire at 62.5 years old. A truly ridiculous figure for a country with an average life expectancy of 79.5 years for men and 85.5 years for women.

These 18-23 years of retirement are well provided for by the state, which has provided a wide package of benefits, allowances and other social payments. The average French pension is 1,000 euros, and can range from 500 euros for newly arrived immigrants and the unemployed, to 2,000 euros for workers with more than 40 years of experience.

Great Britain

The population is more than 64 million 700 thousand people, the country is characterized by near-zero natural growth. Pensioners here are 15.8% or more than 10 million people. British men live, on average, 79.5 years, women - 83 years. Both retire at 65, but women can retire as early as 60 if born before 1950. Thus, British pensioners live for 20-23 years.

Pension payments in the UK are multi-stage: the first level is the state pension, which is paid to everyone without exception who has reached retirement age, the second level is the funded part, which is paid by the state or a private fund. State pension - more than 600 pounds, the funded part can be very different. The final average pension is more than 1500 pounds.

Finland

The "Land of Lakes" is inhabited by a little more than 5.5 million people. The number of inhabitants is growing, but this is happening exclusively at the expense of immigrants - the natural increase here is negative. So the population of the country is aging, the number of elderly people reaches 16.8% or almost 1 million people. With an average life expectancy of 78 years for men and 84 years for women, they retire at 65.

Retirement life lasts, on average, 13-19 years, but this period can be extended by the possibility of retiring earlier while receiving a reduced pension. Usually, Finns tend to work longer in order to gain more experience. The average pension in Finland exceeds 1,500 euros, and from 2017 it will steadily increase every 3 months.

Russia

More than 146 million 800 thousand people live in Russia, the population is growing due to natural growth and immigration. More than 13% of the population, or over 19 million people, are older people aged 65 and over. The average life expectancy in Russia is 64.5 years for men and 76.5 years for women. Russians retire at 60 and 55 respectively.

In this way, Russian pensioner live, on average, from 4 to 11 years. During these few years, he can count on payments consisting of two parts: basic and funded. The first is guaranteed by the state, regardless of the length of service, the second consists of the contributions of the citizen himself. The final average Russian pension is 13,700 rubles, or just over $240.

How is life in retirement in different countries?

Photo: pixabay.com

First of all, you need to understand that it is incorrect to compare the above amounts directly. The cost of living is very different in different countries. For example, $100 monthly income in the US is below the poverty line, while in Uganda it is the level of the rich. Israel is a much more expensive country compared to Russia. Therefore, comparisons only make sense if they are made at purchasing power parity (PPP).

We will do this: take the PPP GDP of each country, divide it by nominal GDP, and get some coefficient. By multiplying the amount of the pension by this coefficient, we will get a more objective value of the pension in US dollars, already linked to the cost of living in the country:

US $1441
China $484
Japan $1802
Israel $1950
Germany $1466
France $1368
UK $1935
Finland $1840
Russia $588

As can be seen, even in terms of purchasing power parity Russian pensions far from the pensions of developed countries. In addition, you need to take into account the quality side of life - getting a thousand dollars of a pension while living in a clean European village with developed infrastructure and health care is not at all the same as receiving even the same amount, but living in a Russian village without roads, entertainment and normal medical care.