Theoretical activity examples. Spiritual production and spiritual consumption (spiritually theoretical and spiritually practical activity). Spiritual world of man

Let us recall the difference between spiritual activity and material activity: the first is associated with a change in the consciousness of people, the second with the transformation of objects of nature and society. Considered above cognitive activity is an important manifestation of spiritual activity. Its result is knowledge. However, spiritual activity is not limited to cognitive.

Considering spiritual activity as a whole, we can conditionally distinguish two types of it: spiritual-theoretical and spiritual-practical.

The first type is the production of spiritual values (spiritual goods). The product of spiritual production are thoughts, ideas, theories, norms, ideals, images that can take the form of scientific and artistic works (for example, thoughts about the evolution of the organic world, set out in the book by Charles Darwin "The Origin of Species by natural selection”, ideas and images of L. Tolstoy’s novel “War and Peace”, images captured in the paintings of I. Repin or the music of P. Tchaikovsky).

The second type is the preservation, reproduction, distribution, distribution, as well as the development (consumption) of the created spiritual values, that is, activities that result in a change in people's consciousness.

spiritual production

In order to understand the peculiarities of spiritual production, let us compare it with material production. In short, material production is the creation of things, and spiritual production is the creation of ideas. Created things are the product of labor. What about ideas? They are also the result of labor efforts, mostly mental. You know that a novel or a scientific book, a piece of art or a major piece of music is often the work of an author over many years.

Is it possible to consider that material and spiritual production differ in that the former is based on physical labor, and the latter on mental labor? If we think about it, we will come to the conclusion that everything that a person does in material production first passes through his consciousness. There is no labor without awareness of its ends and means. As they say, everything must be done with the head. And spiritual production, along with mental labor, sometimes requires considerable physical effort. Let us recall the work of a sculptor or a conductor, a ballerina or an experimental scientist.

We also note that the ideas, images born in the head of a scientist, poet, composer must be captured using various signs (letters, numbers, etc.) and take a material form (for example, books, notes, drawings, etc. .). But the value of such a thing lies not so much in the value, for example, of the marble from which the sculpture is carved, but in the ideas and images that their material carrier represents.

So, we can say that spiritual production is the production of new spiritual values, most often in the form of scientific works and literary works, works of sculpture and architecture, music and painting, films, and television programs that carry ideas and views created by their authors, images and feelings, evaluations and representations.

Spiritual production, as can be seen from what has been said, is connected with material production. Firstly, paper, paints, appliances, musical instruments and much more - necessary condition spiritual production. Secondly, some products of spiritual production are an element of material production: these are technical ideas and scientific theories that become a productive force.

Spiritual production is carried out, as a rule, by special groups of people whose spiritual activity is professional. These are people who have the appropriate education, who own the skill. Of course, knowledge, mastery of the techniques of this type of activity is not enough. After all, the product of spiritual production is distinguished by novelty, uniqueness, and therefore, it is the result of creative activity.

But spiritual production, along with professional production, includes activities that are constantly carried out by the people. Its result may be a folk epic, ethnoscience, rituals that have independent value ( folk tales and epics, recipes for herbal treatment, folk wedding ceremonies, etc.). Many people, not being professionals, enthusiastically join the creative spiritual activity through participation in amateur art activities. Some of them in their work rise to the level of professionals. Often, images or knowledge created, for example, by the work of folk musicians or healers, become the basis of artistic works of professional masters or scientific works of specialists.

An important feature of spiritual production is that its products are created not only to satisfy the existing need in society for certain spiritual goods, but also for the self-realization of a thinker, artist, etc. They satisfy the author’s inner need to manifest, express himself, convey their mood, to realize their abilities. For a scientist, musician, artist, poet, the value of labor lies not only in the value of its results, but also in the very process of creating a work. Here is what the English naturalist C. Darwin (1809-1882) wrote: “My main pleasure and only occupation throughout my life was scientific work, and the excitement caused by it allows me to forget for a while or completely eliminates my constant poor health.”

This feature of spiritual production is also connected with the fact that there is often a gap between the moment of creation of a spiritual product and the time of its disclosure: its meaning for other people. Some technical inventions and works of art were understood and adequately appreciated only after the death of their creators, and sometimes - after centuries.

So, spiritual production is the activity of people to create spiritual values, the purpose of which is to satisfy the spiritual needs of a person, to influence his consciousness. This impact, which results in the growth of the spiritual culture of people, is provided by activities for the preservation, reproduction, dissemination of spiritual values in society, i.e., activities that are called spiritual and practical.

Preservation and dissemination of spiritual values

An original idea, a scientific discovery, a novel or a painting can be lost forever or remain unknown, and then they will not have any effect on people. Let us remember what bitterness and sorrow the destruction in Moscow in the 1930s caused. majestic Cathedral of Christ the Savior erected in honor of the victories of Russian weapons in Patriotic war 1812 Now on folk remedies This and other destroyed temples are being restored. Imagine how impoverished humanity would be if it did not know ancient mythology, if the Egyptian pyramids and Rublev's paintings were not preserved; Pushkin's "Eugene Onegin" or the mysterious Mona Lisa by Leonardo da Vinci, how the appearance of St. Petersburg would have faded without the "Bronze Horseman" - a monument to Peter I or Moscow without St. Basil's Cathedral.

Who contributes to the preservation and dissemination of spiritual wealth? First of all, these are various institutions that perform the functions of collecting, storing, researching and popularizing cultural, historical and natural-scientific values. Let's start with museums. Their essence was originally well revealed by the ancient Vietnamese term "bao ta", which means a repository of relics. With the development of museums (now there are more than 12 thousand of them in the world), they have become not only a collection of valuables, but thanks to their expositions, exhibitions, excursions and a serious source of replenishing the knowledge of millions of visitors.

Museums are diverse in their profile: historical (including archaeological, ethnographic, etc.), art, literary, natural history (botanical, geological, etc.), technical. In Russia and other countries, there are many amateur (created on a voluntary basis) museums, including school ones: these are museums of the history of educational institutions, military units, and enterprises.

The words "repository" and "distribution" apply to libraries as well. The oldest of them appeared many centuries before the invention of printing: in the middle of the 7th century. BC e. at the court of the Assyrian king Ashurbanipal, a library of "clay books" was assembled. With the development of printing, the role of the library has constantly increased as the most important means of helping more and more people to master scientific, literary, and spiritual values.

The network of libraries is truly enormous: from small - personal, school, city to the largest book depositories. Located in Moscow, the Russian State Library has over 41 million items in 247 languages.

The word "archive" (translated from Latin - a writing depository) is often associated with something very old and far from life. Archives, like libraries, have been known for a long time. Archives are a place for storing documents, including the most ancient, and very recent times. Collections of archival sources are intended for scientific research for practical purposes. The archives are constantly replenished, because every day new information is accumulated about the activities of individuals, organizations, state institutions. Archives are small (for example, the archive of a factory, where documents about its employees are stored) and gigantic, through which you can explore much that has not yet been known, or restore the truth that has been hidden for a long time. So, thanks to archival research, it was possible to make public: previously classified treaties (for example, a secret protocol signed by Molotov and Ribbentrop on the eve of World War II). When restoring ancient Russian cities destroyed by the Nazis during the war years, data on the architectural features and sizes of the restored buildings and cultural monuments were used. The old reports about certain natural phenomena stored in the archives helped geologists: XX century. discover colossal reserves of minerals (oil, gas, etc.). Archival certificates help citizens to confirm some of their rights (for example, certificates of length of service affect the amount of a pension).

Thus archives, libraries, museums; - it's not just storage; the ancient Egyptians called them "houses of life", emphasizing the important role of these institutions in the preservation and transmission of cultural heritage. Museums, archives, libraries are the property of the people, they should be accessible to everyone.

The effectiveness of spiritual and practical activities carried out by museums, libraries, archives, largely depends on the "pilot" who paves the best way for the visitor, the reader. These "pilots" are guides, librarians, archivists.

The aphorism “Looking does not mean seeing” recalls one of the fundamental tasks of a museum worker - to teach to “see”, i.e., to identify the essential features of the exposition, thus obtaining the maximum information contained in it. Consider, for example, visiting an art gallery. Of course, being alone with the picture, everyone experiences its aesthetic impact. But often much remains incomprehensible due to poor familiarity with the subject (for example, with stories on biblical topics), due to insufficiently clear perception artistic style, its features. In such cases, the guide's explanation is very important.

Libraries make it difficult to navigate the world of books. And here the librarian's advice helps to choose the right path to meet the reader's needs, to form his interests.

The greatest contribution - in terms of coverage of people and in terms of national significance - to the dissemination of spiritual values is made by the school, primarily the teacher.

Let us recall the broad, social meaning of the word "teacher": it is a thinker who leads people along the road of knowledge, helping them to formulate their views, to seek and find their own path in life. It is the teacher who is a living source of knowledge and skills for children and young people, the bearer of the baton of times, he distributes, passes on to new generations the most important, valuable and humanly significant of what has been accumulated by science, technology, art from ancient times to the present day. The teacher seeks to lay the foundations for understanding the modern system of developing scientific knowledge about the world, man, and society. But in order to give students a spark of knowledge, one of the famous teachers V. A. Sukhomlinsky wrote, the teacher needs to absorb a whole sea of light.

The most massive audience that perceives spiritual values is hundreds of millions of readers of newspapers and magazines, radio listeners, TV viewers, i.e. those who are constantly influenced by the media (media).

Undoubted national heritage are theatrical performances and films that have become classics, the reproduction of which by television introduces new generations to the art of the peoples of Russia and foreign countries. The treasures of St. Petersburg museums, thanks to a series of television programs, have become the property of millions of people living far from the Hermitage and the Russian Museum. You can easily multiply the number of examples that reveal the role of television in the reproduction and dissemination of spiritual values.

spiritual consumption

Spiritual production, preservation and dissemination of spiritual values are aimed, as noted above, at meeting the spiritual needs of people. The process of their satisfaction is called spiritual consumption.

The most important spiritual need of a person is in knowledge. Philosophers of different epochs spoke about it. Aristotle wrote: "All men by nature seek knowledge." A French thinker of the XVI century. M. Montaigne argued: "There is no desire more natural than the desire for knowledge."

Another important spiritual need is aesthetic. The desire to master the world according to the laws of beauty, to see harmony in nature, in people, to deeply feel music, painting, poetry, to improve human relations - all these are the facets of a single aesthetic need.

Another spiritual human need is communication. Love for a person, friendship, comradeship - a truly human need. Moral and psychological support, attention to each other, sympathy, empathy, exchange of ideas, joint creativity - these are some of the manifestations of the need for communication. (Recall what was said about the importance of communication in earlier chapters.)

Spiritual needs give rise to activities aimed at satisfying them. There is a kind of movement towards each other: the activity of the writer meets the activity of the reader, the activity of the actor - with the activity of the spectator, the activity of the teacher - with the activity of the student. The spiritual life of society is inconceivable without the combination of spiritual production and spiritual consumption. No one can enjoy music that is not created. But a professional musician will be upset if the auditorium at his concert is half empty.

Spiritual needs, thus, bring to life spiritually productive and spiritually practical activity, on the one hand, as well as the activity of spiritual consumption, on the other. But the needs themselves are not immutable. When new spiritual values appear, there is also a need to join these values. A new book, for example, finds its readers. The production of spiritual goods thus affects spiritual needs, expands and changes them. And the consumption of spiritual values also affects spiritual needs, expanding, enriching and deepening them.

So, in the spiritual life of society, activities aimed at the production, preservation and dissemination of spiritual values, spiritual needs and spiritual consumption are an inseparable unity.

Let's take a closer look at spiritual consumption. Spiritual values appear before us in a material form (sometimes they say that they have a material form). Thus, the content of a literary work, the thoughts and images created by the writer, can be captured in small or large print on dazzling white or gray paper, in paperback or hardcover. A book is a spiritual value, but at the same time it is a thing, an object.

When material goods are consumed, then a particular material value (a given thing) ceases to exist. For example, worn-out clothes and shoes as values determined by their purpose no longer exist. Spiritual values, as a rule, can be used repeatedly and by many people for a long time. In cases where a work can be reproduced (books, no-you, etc.), the death of one thing - the bearer of spiritual value - does not lead to the disappearance of the spiritual value itself. The consumption (use) of a unique painting in an art museum does not affect its material form in any way, if the optimal physical conditions (air temperature, humidity, etc.) for its preservation are observed. Moreover, the value of spiritual products in the process of their consumption by an increasing number of people; usually increases.

Spiritual values, which are the subject of consumption, do not disappear in the process of satisfying spiritual needs, but enrich the spiritual world of a person, become his belonging. This is the first feature of spiritual consumption.

The second feature is that the process of spiritual consumption is to a certain extent and; spiritual production process. The perception of spiritual values is creative. Everyone comprehends the content of a literary work in his own way; the perception of a piece of music gives rise to its own images and feelings. Any person experiences spiritual values through the prism of his own experience. But it's always creative work soul and mind of man.

The foregoing allows us to conclude that spiritual consumption is a special Kind of activity, and, consequently, it has its own focus, requires certain efforts, the use of appropriate means.

The orientation of spiritual consumption is determined by social conditions and spiritual needs of a person. One is looking for books that encourage reflection on the meaning of human life, the other does not go beyond adventure literature. One reads the description of nature, the other skips these pages. One needs serious music, the other - only an entertaining genre.

In the process of spiritual consumption, the means to achieve the goal are, on the one hand, material possibilities, on the other hand, the corresponding knowledge and skills. To read a book, you need to be able to get it from the library or buy it. To listen to music, one must either get into a concert hall, or own records and technical devices that make it possible to reproduce the sound. In this case, matam" tofon is one of the means of satisfying the need for music. But, on the other hand, it is impossible to rise to the heights of spiritual culture without knowledge about literature and art, about writers and artists, about expressive means and ways of using them, without the skills to look and see, listen and hear, read and understand. The level of education and general culture of the individual directly affects the consumption of spiritual values.

Scientific research has led to the conclusion: the higher the culture of a person, the more funds from family budget he seeks to allocate for the satisfaction of spiritual needs (buying books, CDs, subscriptions to magazines, visiting theaters, etc. The more free time he spends on self-education, reading fiction and other types of spiritual consumption and spiritual creativity.

But it's not just about quantitative indicators (costs of money and time). The main qualitative characteristic of spiritual consumption. You can enjoy the masterpieces of world musical creativity with the help of modern sound-reproducing technology. But the same equipment can reproduce primitive works, the value of which is doubtful. From the TV program you can choose performances with the participation of the great actors of our time. But someone watches only sports competitions, while someone sits at the TV for hours and watches everything. Consequently, the consumption of spiritual values depends primarily on the subject of this activity, on his spiritual needs.

In many cases, spiritual consumption is greatly influenced by fashion. Some books, theatrical performances, poems and songs can become fashionable. Consider how to evaluate the impact of fashion on spiritual consumption. Will this rating be positive or negative?

The most common means of introducing spiritual values are books, radio and television. Reading books is the most important species spiritual consumption. “People stop thinking when; stop reading,” said the French philosopher D. Diderot (1713-1784). And another French * thinker R. Descartes (1596-1650) wrote: “Reading good books there is, as it were, a conversation with the most respected people of past centuries - their authors, and moreover, a learned conversation in which they reveal to us only the best of their thoughts.

Research by sociologists has shown that over the past decades there has been a shift in the structure of people's cultural activities. Consumption of culture “at home” (individually organized forms of cultural activity) has increased significantly compared to visits to cultural institutions (socially organized forms). The number of books in personal libraries is growing compared to library institutions, and the number of films and plays watched on TV has increased.

Disputes arose: is the reading of books being replaced by “watching TV”? Different points of view were expressed. Some said that because of television, people began to read less, that a schoolboy, instead of reading F. M. Dostoevsky's "Crime and Punishment", limited himself to watching a film created based on this work. Others argued that, although television took some of the time away from reading, it, firstly, through the skill of performance, more fully and deeply presents the images and ideas of the work; secondly, for people who have become accustomed to reading; a TV movie is often an incentive to read the corresponding book; thirdly, if television takes time, then for some people this does not happen due to reading, but due to the time that was previously spent playing cards or dominoes, doing nothing, etc. What do you think?:

Summarize. The spiritual activity of people is diverse, each wide choose its forms and types. Such activity can become his profession: he will be a scientist or a writer, an actor or an artist, a teacher or a librarian, a tour guide or a journalist. He can join amateur spiritual creativity by participating in a folk theater, a literary association, the creation of a folk museum, and amateur art competitions. And most importantly, everyone communicates with books, music, theater and cinema. And on what values a person prefers, in many respects depends on what he himself is.

Questions and tasks

1. A. Einstein wrote: “In the light of the knowledge already achieved, successfully obtained results are taken for granted, and any quick-witted student can learn them without much difficulty. But full of foreboding long-term searches in the darkness with their intense aspirations, with the alternation of confidence and disappointment, with their final breakthrough to the truth - all this is known only to those who have experienced it.

What words in this text characterize Spiritual consumption? What kind of spiritual production? What is the connection between spiritually productive and spiritually practical activity? .

2. Match the two statements.

Biochemist V. A. Engelhardt: “Sometimes we are asked: tell us how you make your” discoveries. Is it terribly interesting to discover something all the time? Of course, it is a deep delusion to think that the life of a scientist consists in continuous pleasant making of discoveries. In the work of a scientist, there is immeasurably more tension, often monotonous work, disappointment, deceived1 hopes and expectations, incessant overcoming of difficulties and unexpected obstacles that arise one after another.

Composer P. I. Tchaikovsky wrote about inspiration: “This is such a guest who does not always appear at the first call, Meanwhile, you always need to work, and a real honest artist cannot sit idly by, under the pretext that he is not in the mood: If you wait for the location and not to try to meet him, it is easy to fall into laziness and apathy. One must endure and believe, and inspiration will inevitably appear to those who have managed to overcome their dislike.

What are the general features of spiritual production in the field of science and; in the arts? Where do you see the difference?

3. A. P. Chekhov's statement is known: “Everything should be beautiful in a person: face, clothes, soul, and thoughts .;.” Do these words reflect an aesthetic need? Is it related. satisfaction of this; needs with spiritual activity? Which? Explain your position.

4. How do you understand the following words of the German writer G.K. Lichtenberg (1742-1799): “A book is like a mirror: if a donkey looks into it, it is difficult to expect that the apostle will be reflected there”?; With what position in the text of the paragraph can Lichtenberg's thought be connected? What feature of spiritual consumption is reflected in it?

5. How do you understand the statement of the Russian thinker V. Fedorov: “A museum is an institution where knowledge is inseparable from morality”, it “has a mind that not only understands, but also feels losses, mourns for them” because the museum is a temple of commemoration of those who should and can be resurrected by the combined efforts of sons who have not forgotten their duty towards their fathers”?

6. A. I. Herzen wrote: “A book is a spiritual testament from one generation to another, the advice of a dying old man to a young man who begins to live, an order transmitted by a sentry going on vacation to a sentry taking his place.” How do you understand this judgment?

7. What conclusions can you draw from the provision of the Constitution of the Russian Federation: “Everyone is obliged to take care of the preservation of historical and cultural heritage, to protect historical and cultural monuments”? ,

8. According to Academician V. I. Vernadsky, the main task of public education is "increasing the spiritual strength of society", and "a learning people is the basis of the broad and peaceful development of mankind." Explain your agreement (disagreement) with these provisions. What is the role (positive, negative) of the mass media in the dissemination of spiritual values.

Spiritual activity differs from material activity in that if material activity is associated with the transformation of nature and society, then spiritual activity is associated with a change in people's consciousness. But spiritual activity is not limited to cognitive activity. There are 2 types of spiritual activities:

1. Spiritual-theoretical - the production of spiritual values (thoughts, ideas, theories, which can be in the form of instructive or artistic works);
2. Spiritual and practical - preservation, reproduction, consumption of spiritual values. Its result is a change in people's consciousness.

Spiritual production is associated with the use of mental efforts, therefore, spiritual production is the production of new spiritual values, most often in the form of scientific works, compositions, sculpture, architecture, music, etc. which carry the creation of their authors ideas and views, images. At the same time, spiritual production is connected with material production. the artist (poet) puts his thoughts on paper with the help of something or through technical ideas.

Spiritual production is carried out by special groups of people whose spiritual activity is professional. However, spiritual production, along with professionals, includes activities carried out by the people. This is an epic, folk medicine, fairy tales.

An important feature of spiritual production is that - its products are created not only to satisfy society, but also for the self-realization of a thinker, artist, etc.

Spiritual production is the activity of people to create spiritual values, the purpose of which is to satisfy spiritual needs, influencing consciousness. The consequence of this influence is the growth of people's spiritual culture.

After the creation of values, the question arises of their distribution and transfer (spiritually Practical activities). She is engaged various institutions that perform the functions of collecting, storing, researching and popularizing values (museums, exhibitions, architecture).

At the same time, the greatest (in terms of the number of people) contribution to spiritual and practical activity is made by the school. Spiritual production, the preservation of spiritual values is aimed at meeting the spiritual needs of people.

Spiritual needs - in knowledge, aesthetics; they give rise to activities aimed at their satisfaction.

So spiritual needs cause in life spiritual production and practical activity, as well as activity for spiritual consumption.

As a result of combining the efforts of both directions, spiritual values are formed.

Spiritual values do not disappear, enriching the spiritual world of a person, but become his property. This is what the first feature of the spiritual consumption.

Second feature: the process of spiritual consumption is, to a certain extent, the process of spiritual production, since the perception of spiritual values is creative.

Thus, spiritual consumption is a special type of activity that requires certain efforts and the use of appropriate means to carry out the process of spiritual consumption. The direction of spiritual consumption is determined by social efforts and spiritual needs of a person.

In the process of spiritual consumption, the means to achieve the goal are:

1. Material possibilities;
2. Knowledge about literature and art.

The higher the culture, the more funds are allocated to satisfy spiritual needs.

In many cases, spiritual consumption is influenced by fashion.

As you know, a person has strength not only physical, but also spiritual. The one that impels him to action and directs him towards goals is manifested in convictions and dreams, in fearlessness and determination. It is thanks to her that not only material, but also spiritual activity of a person arises.

Sometimes only endless inner self-digging and search are mistaken for it. secret meanings and truth. But spiritual activity cannot be understood so narrowly; it is also aimed at creation and creativity. It is wrong to think that the work of the spirit is always hidden in the minds and consciousness of people - this is not so. It is widely manifested in public life, since it gives rise to its main values - moral, ethical, religious and aesthetic.

Types and forms of human spiritual activity

There are two main types of spiritual activity of people: spiritual-theoretical and spiritual-practical.

As a result of the first type of activity, new theories and thoughts arise, ideas are created. They become the spiritual heritage and values of mankind. They are clothed in the form of a literary composition or scientific work, sculptural and architectural structures, musical works and paintings, feature films and television programs. Whatever the form, it always carries the idea laid down by the author, his view and assessment of events, phenomena, actions.

Spiritual and practical activity is aimed at preserving and studying, understanding the created values. Comprehending them, people change their own worldview and consciousness, enrich their inner world - this is how the creations of thinkers, artists and scientists influence them.

For the preservation and dissemination of spiritual values, humanity uses museums, libraries and archives, educational institutions and the media. Thanks to their existence, various fields of knowledge and achievements - historical, artistic, technical, literary, scientific - are replenished and transmitted from one generation to another.

Spiritual needs of man

The peculiarity of spiritual activity is in the manifestation of the highest motives and aspirations of a person. Everyone has different needs, among which there are material - necessary to maintain life, social - important for the existence of society, and spiritual - a manifestation of the highest form of consciousness. It is they who cause a thirst for knowledge and discoveries in a person. It is because of them that people strive to see and create beauty around, to empathize and love, to create and help.

Some spiritual needs motivate to create something new, useful to people. Moreover, the creators themselves do this for themselves: this is how they reveal their talents, realize their abilities. After all, self-realization is also one of the highest needs, which directs the spiritual activity of the individual. By expressing themselves, thinkers, poets and artists satisfy their need for self-expression, in an effort to convey their idea to people.

Those who accept this idea are consumers of spiritual values. They also have a spiritual need - in painting and music, poetry and knowledge. They empathize with the creativity of the creator and comprehend the idea laid down by him. And sometimes it happens that a long time passes between the creation of a spiritual product and its consumption. It is not always that a writer immediately finds his reader, and a teacher does not always find his student. Sometimes this gap is measured not in years, but in centuries, after which the spiritual activity of creating values is eventually combined with their spiritual consumption - recognition and preservation.

But this happens because high motives, desires and aspirations live in a person. They nourish and enrich it, inspire and make it better.

A person is characterized not only by physical, but also by spiritual power, stimulating him in deeds and aiming at tasks, expressed in conviction and dreams, in courage and courage. With its help, the spiritual activity of people is formed. Sometimes it is confused with self-digging, searching for hidden meanings and axioms, but this is too narrow a definition. It focuses on creativity and the creative process.

The concept of spiritual activity

moral;
ethical;
religious;
artistic.

The hallmark of moral activity lies in the demonstration of the highest stimuli and intentions of man. All people have different interests and requirements, which can be divided into three main groups:

material - mandatory for the preservation of life;
public - paramount for the existence of society;
spiritual - showing the highest model of consciousness.

These needs give rise to a person's desire to know the world and make discoveries; they serve as a reason and incentive to see and create beauty, teach empathy and love, creativity and mutual assistance.

Personal requirements aim creative individuals at the birth of something previously unknown, necessary for the people. But first of all, creators create for themselves: work helps them to identify own abilities to fulfill your calling. The implementation of the plan is also one of the dominant needs that guide the ethical actions of a person.

By expressing themselves, workers of science, masters of the word and art receive satisfaction of their needs in revealing to humanity their personal plan, their own concept. The people who accept their thoughts are target audience their moral values.

Basic forms of moral functioning

There are two key types of spiritual activity: theory and practice. The product of theoretical activity is fresh ideas, doctrines and teachings, concepts and concepts that represent the moral heritage and pride of human society. They are distributed in the form:

verbal compositions and scholarly treatises;
masterpieces of sculpture and architecture;
and picturesque creations;
movies and TV shows.

Practical actions are aimed at preserving and maintaining, researching and analyzing, assimilation and perception of the developed values. Their comprehension helps people transform their personal philosophy and world outlook, enrich their own innermost experience under the influence of the masterpieces of sages, painters, ministers of science.

Museums, book collections and repositories of archival materials contribute to the preservation, popularization and transmission of moral values. Schools and universities, press and mass media are involved in this. Thanks to them, all kinds of branches of erudition and competence, accomplishments and conquests from the field of history, technology, science, literature and aesthetics are reproduced, updated and distributed from one generation to another.

It happens that the creation of moral products and their recognition are divorced in time for a long time. Not always the author immediately finds his reader, and the educator - an adherent. This discrepancy continues for years and even centuries, bypassing which, the created creation becomes in demand, recognized and preserved. People have incentives, impulses and intentions that feed them, make them richer, inspire and inspire.

Functions of Spiritual Production

Spiritual production, which in its current form is universal and multifunctional, is brought to life in order to satisfy needs. Despite the diversity of this concept, a holistic, indivisible main landmark of spiritual production is maintained - the reproduction of the collective mind in its indivisibility.

The key function of moral creation is personal activity, focused on improving the quality of other areas of the life of society:

economy;
politicians;
public life.

The name "production of new technologies" given to this meaning by some scientists is not entirely correct. This refers to saving, taking into account the modernization of existing technologies, which include social ones.

It is necessary to differentiate between utilitarian designs that ennoble the everyday improvement of life, and capital theories that can undermine old technologies and aim at previously unknown landmarks. An example of such completely new concepts is the theory of relativity in science or the concept of messianism in religion.

Spiritual development based on practices

In order to regularly gain experience and cultivate moral development, we regularly engage in spiritual practice. Often it is used in religious activities, where it is compared with the passage of a path leading to a specific goal. The missions, tasks and focus of such practices are diverse and differ from each other, which is due to the concept of religion or moral system. For Christianity, this is the salvation of the soul, Buddhists strive for nirvana, and for multiple cabalistic directions, it is important to penetrate into higher truths. The models of such practices are diverse and contain prayers, different kinds meditation and concentration, involve participation in religious ceremonies.

Self-awareness security

Spiritual security is an important part of national protection in the context of the commercialization of society and is expressed in the development of national consciousness, which reflects the customs of society, the heritage of its culture and past, as well as the level of moral and political unanimity of a constitutional society. Spiritual security is determined by moral norms and love for the motherland; it ensures the protection of the state if the people support the domestic and foreign policy of the leadership, and trust the elected authorities.

Usually, disasters and misfortunes begin with the collapse of spirituality, when alien ideas and values, as well as unacceptable methods of obtaining them, are introduced into the people's psyche. The guarantee of moral security becomes the main goal, because it expresses the moral well-being of the people, their ability to set and solve historical problems.

The term "spiritual activity" refers to philosophy, although it is also found in theology, and the interpretations practically coincide. This concept denotes the actions necessary for a person in his moral life. These include reading books, creating paintings, writing literary works, the formation of theological or atheistic positions, understanding a set of values, developing positive differences in oneself. This is a search for the meaning of life, a way to avoid difficult situations, as well as an understanding of the worldview concepts of love and happiness.

Under spiritual practice usually refers to the activity of affirming the values of culture, everything that is connected with the functioning of cultural values in society, their development and the creation of new value foundations for social life. And this is the cultural progress of society.

Spiritual practice unfolds procedurally as a spiritual and practical activity. Traditionally, this activity is understood as everything related to the creation of works of art, the functioning of public consciousness and social ideology, everything that is culturally objectified by them, as well as science, education and upbringing.

But spiritual-practical activity also has its own aspect, which is often overlooked. This is the inconsistency of the category “spiritual practice” itself. After all, practice as a socio-philosophical category initially involves the active interaction of a person with the surrounding reality. This is what distinguishes it from contemplation and a contemplative, reflective attitude to reality.

A person carries out reflexive activity according to the formula: subject-contemplation-object ". Translating reflection into the plane of cognition, a person changes the contemplative attitude to an active-practical one according to the formula: subject-cognition-object ". And when cognition becomes a direct practical activity, the formula takes the form: subject-practice-object ". Thus, a person's attitude to reality becomes actively transformative.

But what is true for material and social practice is not unequivocally correct for spiritual practice. After all, spiritual activity includes both practical and contemplative aspects. Those. it is one “in two persons”, when one does not exclude the other, moreover, they presuppose each other. Without psychic reflection, spiritual introspection, intellectual contemplation, there can be no spiritual practice. Equally and vice versa.

In this regard, it makes sense to talk about "spiritual society", socio-spiritual values and socio-spiritual activities. In the sense that humanspirit is de-objectified sociality, and sociality is objectified spirituality.

Such understanding is possible only in the system of culture. Therefore, spiritual and practical activity (SPA) should be considered in the system of culture, in the aspect of socio-spiritual essential forces of a person, their development and creative self-realization.

By linking DPD with a person's value self-determination and subsequent creative self-realization, it is possible to clarify its content and main forms of manifestation. Namely, through its inherent contradictions, which in the system of culture determine the development of spiritual production, setting in motion the main driving force of this production and the subject of socio-spiritual action - the intelligentsia as a socio-cultural class.

The mechanism of spiritual and creative action, incorporated in the DPD, is presented in the aggregate of such main components.

Leading reflection or affect. It allows you to speed up the neuropsychic processes in the human brain by an order of magnitude (P.K. Anokhin). The usual logical discourse of human thinking changes radically: from discursive it becomes intuitive-discrete, accompanied by mental phenomena of synectics (“breakthrough in inferences”).

Productive imagination or imagining. I. Fichte was the first to pay attention to this mental ability of human thinking and substantiate it philosophically and epistemologically. At the same time, he directly connected this ability with the mental phenomenon of intellectual intuition. Modern creative developments in thinking and imagining connect imagination with the ability of the human psyche to association and metaphorization, ability for new taxonomies images and concepts.

Discursors human thinking "work" in the new semantic (semantic content) and semiotic (meaning and significance) aspects. Brand new ones appear significators, signs and meanings that have no direct objective analogues in external reality.

Within the framework of the usual “continuous” logic (rather than discrete-intuitive) in the acts of productive imagination, semiotic discoursers of synectics or another value interpretation images and concepts. In psychology, these mental phenomena are known as agglutination, or “fiction-glitches” of human reflection.

Perfect Reconstruction or new composition images and concepts, a kind reincarnation their former counterparts, the creation of new ideal prototypes and patterns based on engrams and recessions of past images and concepts. This is an ideal model for its material and subject identification.

creative realization , which is represented phronesis or practical tethered to external reality, visualization ideal model and its material objectification-synthesizing. In fact, this is actually spiritual and practical activity, or rather, its final result. After all, it is in the spiritual and practical act of creative self-realization that the objectification of the spiritual forces of a person, their representation and naturalization in the created cultural values is observed.

But revealing the content of DPD from its internal mechanisms, it would be more correct to speak not so much about the final results of a person's creative self-realization, but about the DPD process itself. Those. about the deployment of the socio-spiritual forces of man in time and space. For practice itself is a process of active interaction of a person with reality, in which he acts both as a subject and as an object of self-development and self-improvement.

Therefore, if spiritual and practical activity should be associated with the creative self-realization of a person, then it should not be confused with it, and not reduced only to it. Then in the DPD you can see the following main structural and content elements of the DPD:

Implementation of the spiritual and value choice a person, the realization of his freedom of will, freedom of value self-determination and creative will. This is far from being a simple spiritual-psychic act, and often a person can spend most of his life (or even his whole life) preparing for it.

We can also talk about the spiritual and value choice of the whole society, the choice of the ways of their socio-cultural development or a new “value paradigm”. And often this choice can become “historical”, i.e. direct society along the path of rapid progress, or "historical oblivion." It was the spiritual vectors of social development, cultural and socio-humanistic values that served as a reliable guide at all times.

Practical activities in the areas of spiritual expediency , harmonious proportion with his external environment and his conscience. This is the kind of activity that at different historical times was characterized as “good”, “virtuous”, “favorable” not only for oneself, but for everyone. It is not a careerist activity “on the heads”, which at first glance is the fastest approach to the goal (but also produces countless enemies and ill-wishers). This is an action in line with common interests, in the spectrum of universal values, in an aura of mutual understanding and assistance, and sometimes “irrational apostasy” from one’s own benefit and personal benefit. But, in the end, it is precisely such actions that are the most rational and effective.

Cultural spiritual self-programming according to the measure of the individual, social and spiritual essence of each person, a “peculiar” socio-spiritual measure of the personality. In other words, this is a “self-model program” of future innovative self-realization.

The structure of the “innovative self-model” program includes:

the whole life experience of a person, as well as the “phronesis” (common sense) of future life activity;

risk, entrepreneurial abilities, inversion personality traits;

inversion of current existentiality into a new intention of being;

a new life-creation and a change in the life-sustaining paradigm.

Spiritual-cognitive verification , those . « verification-assessment-test” of the results achieved: how they correspond to the spiritual criteria of truth, the goals of personal and social cognition. Most often, this is a “moral test”, a spiritual self-test of how the material results of the DPA correspond to the values of culture, have meaning and significance for other people. This is a test of the truth of a person’s personal life activity, to what extent intentions, expectations and results coincide with the established “achievement bar”, and the assessment corresponds to the person’s “estimative forces” (criticality and accuracy of assessments).

Spiritual and psychogenic improvement: is the development of the "spiritual consciousness" of the individual, a clear understanding and the ability to act correctly in the direction of the development of the socio-spiritual essential forces of man. A characteristic feature of this structural element of DPD is a superpsychic act of “spiritual filtration” of glitches and agglutinations, that is, liberation from illusions, delusions, “phantoms” and “phantasies” of personal self-consciousness, from distorted and false ideas about the surrounding social reality. Currently, such inadequate ideas are usually imposed by the media and the "mechanics", which is characterized as the manipulation of public opinion and public consciousness.

In the theory of human essential powers, such spiritual and psychogenic improvement is considered in the spectrum of three human essential powers - cognitive, technological (the power that objectifies human cognitive abilities) and emotive-volitional power. The latter is "attunement to success" and "reaction to success."

6. Spiritual transformation of the human intellect and his transformation into the "open mental sphere". For the first time, such a possibility in a person was noticed and substantiated by F. Schelling, who described it in his system of “Transcendental Idealism”.

This is a rather complex psychocognitive and mental act, as a result of which the human "intellect" is transformed into an "ex-intellect", i.e. changes its dominant direction. Briefly, the psycho-spiritual mechanism of this process is presented as follows.

First step. The subject directs his attention to the object and thereby transfers himself to the object, “subjectifies the object” according to the formula:

S 0.

Second step. The subject transfers the object onto himself and thereby “objectifies” his subjectivity. The formula of "objectification of the subject".